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Osteoarthritis is a major contributor to pain and disability worldwide. Inflammation plays an important role in the development of osteoarthritis, and anti-inflammatory drugs may slow disease progression. This exploratory analysis of a randomized trial examined whether colchicine reduces incident total knee and hip replacements. Visual Abstract. Association of Low-Dose Colchicine With Incidence of Knee and Hip Replacements: Osteoarthritis is a major contributor to pain and disability worldwide. Inflammation plays an important role in the development of osteoarthritis, and anti-inflammatory drugs may slow disease progression. This exploratory analysis of a randomized trial examined whether colchicine reduces incident total knee and hip replacements. Background: Osteoarthritis is a major contributor to pain and disability worldwide. Given that inflammation plays an important role in the development of osteoarthritis, anti-inflammatory drugs may slow disease progression. Objective: To examine whether colchicine, 0.5 mg daily, reduces incident total knee replacements (TKRs) and total hip replacements (THRs). Design: Exploratory analysis of the LoDoCo2 (Low-Dose Colchicine 2) randomized, controlled, double-blind trial. (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12614000093684) Setting: 43 centers in Australia and the Netherlands. Patients: 5522 patients with chronic coronary artery disease. Intervention: Colchicine, 0.5 mg, or placebo once daily. Measurements: The primary outcome was time to first TKR or THR since randomization. All analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis. Results: A total of 2762 patients received colchicine and 2760 received placebo during a median follow-up of 28.6 months. During the trial, TKR or THR was performed in 68 patients (2.5%) in the colchicine group and 97 (3.5%) in the placebo group (incidence rate, 0.90 vs. 1.30 per 100 person-years; incidence rate difference, −0.40 [95% CI, −0.74 to −0.06] per 100 person-years; hazard ratio, 0.69 [CI, 0.51 to 0.95]). In sensitivity analyses, similar results were obtained when patients with gout at baseline were excluded and when joint replacements that occurred in the first 3 and 6 months of follow-up were omitted. Limitation: LoDoCo2 was not designed to investigate the effect of colchicine in osteoarthritis of the knee or hip and did not collect information specifically on osteoarthritis. Conclusion: In this exploratory analysis of the LoDoCo2 trial, use of colchicine, 0.5 mg daily, was associated with a lower incidence of TKR and THR. Further investigation of colchicine therapy to slow disease progression in osteoarthritis is warranted. Primary Funding Source: None. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]