Search

Background: Gender clinic and single‐item questionnaire‐based data report increased co‐occurrence of gender diversity and neurodevelopmental conditions. The nuances of these associations are under‐studied. We used a transdiagnostic approach, combining categorical and dimensional characterization of neurodiversity, to further the understanding of its associations with gender diversity in identity and expression in children. Methods: Data from 291 children (Autism N = 104, ADHD N = 104, Autism + ADHD N = 17, neurotypical N = 66) aged 4–12 years enrolled in the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Network were analyzed. Gender diversity was measured multi‐dimensionally using a well‐validated parent‐report instrument, the Gender Identity Questionnaire for Children (GIQC). We used gamma regression models to determine the significant correlates of gender diversity among age, puberty, sex‐assigned‐at‐birth, categorical neurodevelopmental diagnoses, and dimensional neurodivergent traits (using the Social Communication Questionnaire and the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior Rating Scales). Internalizing and externalizing problems were included as covariates. Results: Neither a categorical diagnosis of autism nor ADHD significantly correlated with current GIQC‐derived scores. Instead, higher early‐childhood dimensional autistic social‐communication traits correlated with higher current overall gender incongruence (as defined by GIQC‐14 score). This correlation was potentially moderated by sex‐assigned‐at‐birth: greater early‐childhood autistic social‐communication traits were associated with higher current overall gender incongruence in assigned‐males‐at‐birth, but not assigned‐females‐at‐birth. For fine‐grained gender diversity domains, greater autistic restricted‐repetitive behavior traits were associated with greater diversity in gender identity across sexes‐assigned‐at‐birth; greater autistic social‐communication traits were associated with lower stereotypical male expression across sexes‐assigned‐at‐birth. Conclusions: Dimensional autistic traits, rather than ADHD traits or categorical neurodevelopmental diagnoses, were associated with gender diversity domains across neurodivergent and neurotypical children. The association between early‐childhood autistic social‐communication traits and overall current gender diversity was most evident in assigned‐males‐at‐birth. Nuanced interrelationships between neurodivergence and gender diversity should be better understood to clarify developmental links and to offer tailored support for neurodivergent and gender‐diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses several developments involving New York state and U.S. federal health laws which took place between July 1, 2013 and June 30, 2014, including proposed medical marijuana and mandatory prescription drug monitoring legislation in New York. Legal challenges to the U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act are mentioned, along with legal cases dealing with issues such as breach of confidentiality, statutes of limitation, and chiropractic malpractice claims.

The article discusses several developments involving New York and U.S. federal health laws between July 1, 2012 and June 30, 2013, focusing on various legal cases which deal with topics such as New York's Secure Ammunition and Firearms Enforcement (SAFE) Act, the state's mental health laws, and religious challenges to the U.S. Patient Protection ad Affordable Care Act (ACA). The New York State Court of Appeals' ruling in a medical malpractice case is examined, along with correction laws.

The article discusses several developments involving New York health laws as of September 2013, focusing on topics such as an amendment to the state's Family Health Care Decisions Act, the U.S. Supreme Court's (USSC's) ruling on the nation's Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and the New York State Medical Indemnity Fund. Several legal cases are examined, including the USSC cases National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius from 2012 and Frye v. United States from 1923.

The article discusses several developments in New York health law and practice in 2010-2011, including issues such as medical malpractice, Medicare, and challenges to the U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. In the case In re Miguel M., the court deals with a health official's application for a court order requiring the appellant to undergo assisted outpatient treatment under Section 9.60 of the state's Mental Hygiene Law.

The article discusses various significant developments in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) in New York. It examines the provisions of the regulation and the expansion of its coverage, and examines its effect on the practice of law in the state. It also mentions the enactment of the Family Health Care Decisions Act and the Midwifery Modernization Act, which provide family members the legal authority to make medical treatment decisions.