Search

Background and Objectives Gentrification is a prevalent neighborhood development process in urban areas across the United States. Prior studies have identified the influence of gentrification on late-life health and quality of life, yet little is known about its relationship with food insecurity, an important public health issue for older adult populations. Using New York City as a case study, this study investigated associations between living in a gentrifying neighborhood and food insecurity, as well as the mediating roles of neighborhood environment factors—social cohesion, public transportation, and food environment. Research Design and Methods This study adopted 2 waves of annual data from the Poverty Tracker Study (2015–2016; N  = 703) merged with American Community Survey and spatial data sets to measure gentrification and neighborhood factors. Adjusted logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between gentrification and food insecurity. Further mediation analyses were conducted to test the mechanisms of such associations. Results Older adults in gentrifying neighborhoods were more likely to have food insecurity than those in moderate- to high-income neighborhoods. Compared to low-income neighborhoods, older adults in gentrifying neighborhoods had a lower likelihood of reporting food insecurity. Two significant mediators were found when comparing gentrification with moderate- to high-income neighborhoods: social cohesion and healthy food outlets. Discussion and Implications This study highlights the importance of gentrification in determining late-life food insecurity and identifies possible mechanisms with policy and social service implications to reduce the risk of food insecurity in urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ruins, from the perspective of capitalists, are sites where exchange value has collapsed. At the same time, the infrastructural residues of once-productive landscapes present opportunities for those who wish to live outside of the logic of the commodity society. In the latter half of the twentieth century, large swaths of New York City were ruined as sites for capital accumulation and its distinctive forms of social reproduction. Reinvestment was accompanied by a series of political clashes theorized as the "revanchist" city. As climate change proceeds, the prospect of a newly ruined New York City becomes more concrete. I explore the prospects for ruination and reinvestment through the work of Kim Stanley Robinson, whose 2017 novel New York 2140 depicts a struggle over the regentrification of Manhattan following a series of catastrophic climate events. In the novel, Robinson posits a dialectic of social struggle that resolves into a kind of post-apocalyptic social democracy. The ending of New York 2140, I argue, reflects the impasse in which thinkers and militants who are trying to think about the problem of transition find themselves in an era without a clear revolutionary subject, where reform appears less as a confident triumph than the last-gasp effort to avert total catastrophe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bourey wrote this book divided into 15 chapters: the introduction chapter, 13 chapters as main sections, and the final chapter, the conclusion. The author's experience in this book is very suitable to be read by a public administration practitioner, public student or a government to improve its performance in a government. This chapter emphasizes that social justice needs to be considered by the government or students who will later become part of the government, especially in equalizing education for the poor so that the welfare of an area can be evenly distributed. [Extracted from the article]

Binneweis and Ott examine a specific park system in order to illuminate broader trends in urban history and parks and recreation. Keywords: parks and recreation; women's advocacy; summer camp; access; urban playgrounds EN parks and recreation women's advocacy summer camp access urban playgrounds 457 462 6 02/07/23 20230301 NES 230301 Jennifer, Ott ed. (2019). Her work also speaks to the belief that, to Olmsted and the park board, not all classes of people knew how to properly enjoy the park and, thus, should be barred from enjoying certain activities while at the park. While New York City already had internal park space (such as Central Park), Binneweis' narrative focuses on park building- in cooperation with neighboring states- around major metropolitan areas. [Extracted from the article]

Peter Marcuse war ein wichtiger Autor in der internationalen kritischen Stadt- und Wohnforschung. Seine Arbeiten, u. a. zu Gentrifizierung und Wohnungspolitik, boten immer wieder Anknüpfungspunkte auch für soziale städtische Bewegungen in New York, Berlin und anderen Städten. Anlässlich seines Todes im März 2022 diskutieren vier renommierte Wissenschaftler:innen über sein Werk und dessen Bedeutung für ihr eigenes Schaffen und für aktuelle Kämpfe für ein Recht auf Stadt und ein Recht auf Wohnen. Peter Marcuse was an important author in international critical urban and housing research. His works, among others on gentrification and housing policy, repeatedly offered points of departure for social urban movements in New York, Berlin and other cities. On the occasion of his death in March 2022, four renowned scholars discuss his work and its significance for their own thinking and for current struggles for a right to the city and a right to housing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transit-oriented development has been a widely accepted tool among transportation planning practitioners; however, there are concerns about the risk of increasing residential property values leading to gentrification or displacements. Therefore, it is critical to provide precise investigations of the relationships between public transit and gentrification. Although numerous studies have explored this topic, few have discussed these relationships based on detailed measurements of gentrification from a regional perspective. This study aims to fill the research gap by measuring the gentrification subcategories through a hierarchical definition based on data in the New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island areas and applying the transit desert concept as the measurement of transit services. Through multinomial logistic regression and machine-learning approaches, findings indicate that the rate of transit deserts in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods is higher than the others. In addition, the impacts of transit services are significant in gentrification but insignificant in super-gentrification. These findings can advance the knowledge of the role of the transit service in different gentrification progresses. Based on these findings, policymakers need to be careful when allocating public transit budgets and note the effects of these investments on neighborhoods with different socioeconomic statuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Housing affordability is the main policy challenge for most large cities in the world. Zoning changes, rent control, housing vouchers, and tax credits are the main levers employed by policymakers. How effective are they at combatting the affordability crisis? We build a dynamic stochastic spatial equilibrium model to evaluate the effect of these policies on the well-being of its citizens. The model endogenizes house prices, rents, construction, labour supply, output, income, and wealth inequality, the location decisions of households within the city as well as inter-city migration. Its main novel features are risk, risk aversion, and incomplete risk-sharing. We calibrate the model to the New York metropolitan statistical area. Housing affordability policies carry substantial insurance value but affect aggregate housing and labour supply and cause misallocation in labour and housing markets. Housing affordability policies that enhance access to this insurance especially for the neediest households create substantial net welfare gains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the mobilization carried out by tenants living in a rent-stabilized building in NYC's Lower East Side. Their action was a central part of a large and successful struggle against the landlord, blocking his continuous attempts at eviction. The main research question is: what are the reasons of the success of this action? In other words: what has tipped the balance in favor of the tenants in a conflict in which the landlord clearly had stronger economic, political and power resources? The article argues that this success was highly based on the intersection of three main elements: the specific resources of the tenants, the organizational resources of the territory and the institutional and legal configurations. Moreover, the study considers these three levels closely interconnected and mutually influencing each other. Based on the direct observation of the mobilization, on semi-structured interviews and on biographical sources, the article aims to contribute to the understanding of the multifaceted dimensions of the fight against evictions. The article also aims to contribute, theoretically and methodologically, to a relational and interactionist approach both for the study of social movements and of gentrification and to strength the dialogue between the two fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate urbanism is an emerging field of action that aims to adapt to or mitigate the impacts of climate change on cities. These interventions are often framed by narratives of climate collapse, implying that there is not enough time to engage citizens in participatory planning processes. Some scholars have argued that this may also enable the realization of urban interventions that would otherwise be difficult to implement under ordinary circumstances. At the same time, research has demonstrated that mitigation and adaptation policies and projects may result in the displacement of vulnerable populations. To avoid this scenario, city governments must ensure vulnerability assessments, transparency, and accountability to all affected communities throughout the design process, and examination of projects proposed by residents and developed by the city authorities. Based on interviews, fieldwork observation, and secondary analysis of open-source documents, this article examines the complexity of appropriate urban climate planning through a comparative analysis. Taking the East Side Coast Resilience (ESCR) project in New York as an exemplary case study, we analyze multiple perspectives, expertise, and rights involved in climate urbanism in global cities under the neoliberal present. We conclude that democratic city planning for climate change cannot be separated from questions of climate justice, which concerns democratic decision making and the impact of interventions on local communities and ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay contributes to work in media geography by bringing the geography of nostalgia into conversation with media nostalgia. Through an analysis of Amazon's The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel's text, intertextual discourses, location production, and tourism, I demonstrate how TV works to produce nostalgic attachments to places past, intervening materially into the present/future. Specifically, I argue Maisel harnesses affects of nostalgia to produce a discourse of a past New York as "authentic" and filled with creative potentiality in ways that respond to present-day anxieties around a lost, vanishing, and gentrifying New York. Whereas the larger body of scholarship in media studies neglects orientations of place in conceptualizing nostalgia in favor of its more popular associations with a longing for a past time, material objects, or home, Maisel points to how place is an important component of televisual nostalgia. Maisel's production of an "authentic" New York of the past through its realist association with local specificity can be read, on the one hand, as an evacuation of the city's histories of struggle through reclamation of an unproblematized past. On the other hand, however, Maisel also produces elements of nostalgic longing through a "yearning for authenticity" (Zukin, 2010) that can be used to mark the experience of change and the larger social forces at work in that change and open to other possibilities for the future city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New York City has experienced a boom in elite "luxury" housing development. With large apartments and expansive amenity spaces, luxury buildings offer uncrowded living in an otherwise densely populated landscape. However, making space for these luxuries requires novel engineering, especially high-rise development. This article maps the expanding footprint of luxury real estate in three dimensions, analyzing 943 housing projects built between 2000 and 2020. It assesses how construction of taller buildings with larger footprints increased height and volume of the built environment, and how these landscape changes interact with social changes related to gentrification. On average, new build luxury development increased height by 6.8 stories and more than doubled building volumes. Building heights and volumes are also significantly larger than neighboring structures. The resulting intensification of land investment leads to new kinds of displacements, especially middle class displacement. Vertical development is closely associated with super-gentrification, the further intensification of gentrification processes in already gentrified or otherwise middle class neighborhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on how the Caribbean diaspora is reflected in the novel Levente no. Yolayorkdominicanyork by the New York–based Dominican artist Josefina Báez. Through dialogues and anecdotes the author depicts the everyday life of a community of women living in an apartment building located in a Hispanic neighbourhood in New York. In a close reading, I read the apartment building, called ‘Ni é’, as a metaphor of a glocal community. The novel can thus be read through the lens of the postcolonial debate about centre and periphery. I also analyse the work through the lens of the thirdspace theory, which is an especially important concept for some feminist critics of gentrification of the social space, such as Gloria Anzaldúa and Barbara Hooper. My analysis of specific scenes from life on the periphery that the Ni é building and its inhabitants embody draws mainly on the theoretical work La subversión feminista de la economía by the Spanish feminist theorist Amaia Pérez Orozco. Orozco’s critique of capitalist economy and her philosophy of microeconomics is compared with Josefina Báez’s representation of the notion of home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The changing geography of male same-sex couples over the last decade has important implications for LGBTQ families and communities. While recent scholarship clearly documents that male same-sex couples are becoming more geographically diffuse, less clear is what locational factors drive this change. Some explanations center on the increased cost of housing in established "gayborhoods." Others point to increasing social acceptance of same-sex couples opening up new residential opportunities. This paper explores these explanations in a spatial regression model that uses neighborhood attributes to predict change in the neighborhood concentration of male same-sex couples, while also accounting for spatial spillover effects from neighboring areas. Data come from the 2009–2013 and 2014–2018 American Community Surveys for four metropolitan areas: New York, Chicago, Atlanta, and San Francisco. Results suggest that gentrification of gayborhoods is generally associated with declining concentrations of male same-sex couples in these areas. But across the four metropolitan areas, there are notable differences in whether same-sex concentrations are more sensitive to housing values, rental costs, or the supply of affordable housing units. Outside of gayborhoods, increasing housing costs are generally associated with increasing same-sex concentrations. These findings add nuance to our understanding of gentrification's impacts on same-sex couples and affirm that housing affordability is a key concern among same-sex populations. We discuss the theoretical and methodological challenges of continued study in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anadolu University Journal of Art & Design / Sanat & Tasarım is the property of Anadolu University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Poor neighborhood quality (NQ) is associated with social withdrawal and low self-esteem, as well as increased symptoms of anxiety and depression. The majority of reports assessing the association between NQ and child mental health use Census data, which rely on objective components of neighborhood composition and cannot capture a resident's perception of the neighborhood environment. This study used longitudinal measures of maternal self-reported NQ to assess the impact of NQ patterns in middle childhood on children's mental health, in a low-income, minority population that largely resides in gentrifying Northern Manhattan neighborhoods. When children were 5, 7, 9 and 11 years old, self-reported neighborhood information was collected, and neighborhood stress was used as the metric for NQ. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed using the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) and the Children's Depression Rating Scale (CDRS) in early adolescence at age 9-12 years. Children of mothers who rated their total NQ as "stressed" in middle childhood had significantly more symptoms of depression than children of mothers who reported their NQ as "non-stressed" (p = 0.046). Additionally, there was an observable difference in the number of individuals who reported clinically significant counts of depressive symptoms between mothers who reported stressed versus non-stressed NQ (10% vs. 6%, p = 0.20). There was, however, no association between NQ and total anxiety. Unlike Census data, self-report NQ assessments can be used as a tool to gauge residents' subjective experience in the neighborhood and to highlight how gentrification may benefit some child residents disproportionately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background and objectives Increasingly, older adults desire to remain in their communities for as long as possible, referred to as "aging in place". While much of the aging in place literature focuses on housing specifically, there is a growing sense that social capital and community connectedness are important to the aging in place experience. The current study explores social capital in a gentrifying community to better understand the effects of rapid neighborhood change on older, African American adults. Research design and methods Using a qualitative approach, group interviews were collected across nine senior housing sites (N = 98) in Central Harlem, a historically African American neighborhood in New York City. Research questions examined how older adults 'staying put' in a gentrifying neighborhood perceive changes in their social networks and larger community. Results Major themes included shifting racial dynamics of the neighborhood, disruption of social ties, lack of intergenerational social cohesion and lack of social spaces for older adults, revealing a complex narrative of the network consequences of neighborhood change. Discussion and implications This study extends previous research, highlighting specific ways in which gentrification compromises aspects of social capital in a once predominantly Black neighborhood. Highlights • Increasingly, older adults desire to "age in place". • Social capital is compromised for Black seniors aging in a gentrifying neighborhood. • Seniors in a gentrifying neighborhood may be at risk for social isolation. • Additional research is required to understand consequences of neighborhood change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 1980s, visible homelessness became one of the most pressing problems in New York City. While most New Yorkers expressed sympathy for the homeless, many of them also resisted efforts to site shelters and service facilities in their neighborhoods. But far from being simply a case of NIMBY (not-in-my-back-yard) sentiment, protests over the placement of these facilities arose in the context of decades-long neighborhood movements against urban disinvestment and the beginning of gentrification in some New York City neighborhoods. I argue that understanding this history is crucial to parsing the complex politics of anti-homeless facility protests in the 1980s and to understanding the rise of "quality of life" policies that would govern many neoliberal urban spaces by the 1990s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the rise of the Guardian Angels, a community patrol organization founded in 1979 in New York City by Curtis Sliwa and composed mainly of black and Latino youths. The group emerged in an era of economic restructuring coupled with a rising fear of crime. The Guardian Angels merit attention because of their peculiar relationship to the rise of law and order politics. They demonstrate that the fear of crime was neither the monopoly of the white middle class nor merely a construction of politicians. Black and Latino Guardian Angels were agents of community crime control who drew on existing customs of self-determination and distrust of the police. Ultimately, however, the activities and the rhetoric of the Guardian Angels contributed to the rise of a conservative discourse that justified the strengthening of the police state, anxiety about crime, and the gentrification of neighborhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Austin Channing Brown takes the readers on a journey of her coming to understand both whiteness and Blackness as they have been shaped largely by her personal encounters with racism. I I'm Still Here i is a memoir of author and public speaker Austin Channing Brown's life experience as a Black person in general, a Black girl/woman more specifically, and a Christian Black girl/woman in particular. [Extracted from the article]

Urban scholars frequently call for equitable and inclusive growth to create more just cities but this vision has proven elusive in urban development -- especially involving low-income communities and affordable housing. In 2013, the New York City Housing Authority proposed to leverage private development to benefit low-income residents by supporting market-rate residential construction on open space in public housing sites to pay for needed improvements to subsidised units. The Land Lease Initiative was a seemingly win-win plan but quickly faced backlash from multiple quarters. Using interviews with key housing authority officials and analysis of plan documents and media coverage, we show how the content and framing of the plan stoked fears of displacement, despite stated intentions. Our analysis reveals that criticism overlooked four unconventional ideas for preserving public housing, which are embedded in the plan: (1) retaining all public housing units and high-rise public housing towers on site, as opposed to demolishing them; (2) deconcentrating poverty by increasing residential density, instead of displacing poor residents; (3) adding affordable housing units to the site of low-income public housing; and (4) creating mixed-income communities around buildings, in addition to within them. The findings suggest that the future of affordable housing in the neoliberal era involves blurring the line between preservation and privatisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the gentrification of Fort Greene, which is located in the western part of black Brooklyn, one of the largest contiguous black urban areas in the USA. Between the late 1960s and 2003, gentrification in Fort Greene followed the patterns discovered by scholars of black neighborhoods; the gentrifying agents were almost exclusively black and gentrification as a process was largely bottom-up because entities interested in the production of space were mostly not involved. Since 2003, this has changed. Whites have been moving to Fort Greene in large numbers and will soon represent the numerical majority. Public and private interventions in and around Fort Greene have created a new top-down version of gentrification, which is facilitating this white influx. Existing black residential and commercial tenants are replaced and displaced in the name of urban economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem, research strategy, and findings:A number of studies have examined the property value impacts of historic preservation, but few have considered how preservation shapes neighborhood composition. In this study, we ask whether the designation of historic districts contributes to changes in the racial composition and socioeconomic status of New York City neighborhoods. Bringing together data on historic districts with a panel of census tracts, we study how neighborhoods change after the designation of a historic district. We find little evidence of changes in the racial composition of a neighborhood, but report a significant increase in socioeconomic status following historic designation. Takeaway for practice:Our research offers empirical evidence on changes in the racial composition and socioeconomic status of neighborhoods following the designation of a historic district. It suggests that historic preservation can contribute to economic revitalization in urban neighborhoods, but that these changes risk making neighborhoods less accessible to lower-income residents. Planners should consider ways that the city government can work to preserve the highly valued amenities of historic neighborhoods while mitigating the potential for residential displacement. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this article, Buffalo's now defunct flagship department store Adam, Meldrum & Anderson is discussed as a synecdoche for broader concerns facing the Rust Belt region, including gentrification, deindustrialization, urban renewal, and systemic inequality. Through an intersection of archival theory and the discourses of American exceptionalism, it is argued that the Rust Belt's economic downfalls have been recreated as capitalist opportunities, a process that obfuscates economic inequality. To demonstrate the disruptive potential of the archive, an archived photograph is analysed alongside Dennis Maher's reimagining of Buffalo's cityscape. Ultimately, these alternative imaginings work toward a more equitable Rust Belt landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I analyze a recent conflict over drumming in a Harlem park to understand the ways in which cultural and racial symbols are employed in negotiations of space within cities. Specifically, I argue that racial belongingness--a racialized claim to space that exists outside of property rights and demarcated through iconography--can be used to both resist and facilitate gentrification in urban locales. The Harlem case illustrates how racial belongingness functions as a device that allows groups to contest power, representation, and access to public space across temporal, physical, and aural boundaries. Thus, I look closely at the city as a canvas and stage upon which passive forms of communication manifest in a racially and culturally coded fashion. Additionally, I argue that contemporary public space discourse is overly preoccupied with class, often neglecting the significance of race in the constitution and experience of urban space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal governments have incorporated brownfield redevelopment programmes into urban sustainability plans to encourage the redevelopment of these sites into productive uses. The combination of government support and developer initiatives indicates potential for the gentrification of brownfields. However, developer proposals to expedite the conversion of contaminated properties along the Gowanus Canal in New York City into residential and commercial venues resulted in the addition of the canal to the US National Priorities List (NPL) of uncontrolled hazardous sites, rendering the site less attractive to developers. It is argued that the listing process became an effective tool in the struggle to resist gentrification in the Gowanus Canal neighbourhood. Place stigmatisation slowed developer-driven redevelopment and the NPL designation allows for a comprehensive remediation approach and increases opportunities for community input. This study provides an interesting case study of resistance to developer-driven ‘smart-city’ planning that represents a meaningful departure from neoliberal urbanism. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this article, a new conceptual framework is advocated to evaluate the range of environmental activism in already-gentrifying neighbourhoods and to recognise the agency and resilience of long-term residents. The category of gentrifier-enhanced environmental activism is meant to account for attempts to forge coalitions (however uneasy they may turn out to be) between long-term residents and gentrifiers. This includes attempts by long-term residents to mitigate environmental gentrification by ‘schooling’ gentrifiers in communities’ longstanding concerns and needs, framing these concerns as a common cause rather than allowing for the takeover of local environmental politics often associated with environmental gentrification. The example is used of the fight to clean up Newtown Creek in Greenpoint, Brooklyn, as a case study in how environmental veterans made strategic alliances with gentrifiers who brought new resources to the area in order to achieve political pressure for change and to promote more just sustainabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Dooling [2009. Ecological gentrification: a research agenda exploring justice in the city. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 33 (3), 621–639] and Quastel [2009. Political ecologies of gentrification. Urban Geography, 30 (7), 694–725] reveal several ways in which urban sustainability efforts can produce gentrification, resulting in displacement and financial burden for the most vulnerable urban denizens. In the absence of adequate procedural justice measures, their studies suggest that long-time and vulnerable residents are negatively affected by urban sustainability efforts. However, some residents are able to remain in their neighbourhoods, and this study employs a resilience framework to explore what enables residents to resist displacement in three gentrifying neighbourhoods in New York City. Analysis of 42 interviews with residents in Manhattan and Brooklyn uncovers the multiple strategies residents use to adapt to an increasingly expensive urban environment. The case studies detailed in this paper highlight the multidimensional and context-specific nature of resilience, as well as the multiple scales at which resilience manifests. Gentrification, while reducing resilience at some scales, has not reduced resilience at all scales. Individual-level coping strategies emerge as an important characteristic of resilience during this period of gentrification. This study highlights the connections between scale and resilience and indicates how a better understanding of resilience can further contest the disruptive and socially unjust process of gentrification. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article examines how housing becomes a basis for mobilization that brings residents in East Harlem, New York City into internationally mobile social movement networks. These networks foster the mobility of people, practices and ideas to transform 'housing' from an immobile practice into a mobile, shifting entity experienced as tenuous, a counterfactual demand for immobility, and an expression of a shared desire for self-determination. Through mobilizing frames that turn the demand for decent housing into a struggle against neoliberalism, gentrification and displacement, and for collective self-determination, housing struggles create multi-scale networks of mobility that are essential to pursuing a neighborhood-level struggle to stay put. Résumé Le logement est à la base d'une mobilisation des New-yorkais de East Harlem qui les a fait entrer dans des réseaux de mouvements sociaux mobiles à l'échelon international. Ces réseaux favorisent la mobilité des individus, des pratiques et des idées de sorte que le 'logement' ne soit plus une expérience immobile, mais une entité variable mobile vécue comme précaire, une demande virtuelle d'immobilité et l'expression d'un désir commun d'autodétermination. En passant par des cadres de mobilisation qui transforment la demande de logement décent en un combat à la fois contre le néolibéralisme, la gentrification et les déménagements forcés, et pour une autodétermination collective, les luttes liées au logement créent des réseaux de mobilitéà plusieurs échelons, indispensables à la résistance des habitants qui ne veulent pas quitter leur quartier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the study of urban transformations in two historic, inner city neighborhoods: Paolo Sarpi Street, the so-called "Milan Chinatown" in Italy, and Park Slope, whose history reflects the waves of immigrants who helped create Brooklyn's character in New York City. These cases embody two unique urban environments undergoing several processes of gentrification since the 1970s. The Milan Chinatown is represented by a handful of streets, the global flow of Chinese goods and the daily routines of elderly people and families. The complexity of the "Sarpi Question" is precisely determined by the discussion of social dimensions, space and ethno-racial, economic and political, all at once. Park Slope is distinguished for being the largest landmark district in Brooklyn, and enjoys quiet, tree-lined streets with wide architectural variety. Progressive yuppies and establishment lesbians have long ruled the classy section of the Slope, in particular the named streets between 7th Avenue and Prospect Park. These days the action is happening all along 5th Avenue and in the so-called "South End" of the Slope. Given this background, the discussion begins with a comparative analysis, on the one hand, of the deepening of the causes which led to the break of an apparent balance in the practices of local cohabitation of the Milan's Chinese District. On the other hand, the New York case study aims to address the issue of neighborhood changes and renewal through a specific interpretation key: a changing neighborhood as a place of symbolic elaboration of socio-cultural boundaries. Through a wide ethnographic empirical demonstration2, this contribution mobilizes a set of ideas concerning the academic and political debates surrounding the gentrification and social mix of the contemporary city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, nightlife has been increasingly recognised as an important resource for the enhancement of the post-industrial profile of the city and for the promotion of gentrification in derelict neighbourhoods. It projects an image of a vibrant social and cultural life, considered particularly appealing to the young professional labour force of post-industrial sectors, the members of whom are particularly apt to consider moving to the city. However, the advocates of this ‘nightlife fix’ thesis ignore tensions that have emerged between residents in gentrifying neighbourhoods and nightlife businesses due to the nuisance effects of the latter. Using the example of New York City, this paper examines how conflicts over nightlife in gentrifying neighbourhoods have resulted in the gentrification of nightlife and have thus transformed the nature of the city’s nightlife itself. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Municipal governments grappling with nightlife problems in gentrifying neighborhoods have initiated a range of legislation meant to restrict the operations and locations of nightlife businesses. In New York City, nightlife actors organized among themselves to fight these restrictions. In this paper, I examine the specific politics developed by and between two pro-nightlife groups in the city: a trade organization for nightlife business owners and a group that contested the cabaret law that they conceive of as having violated a civil liberty, that of social dancing. I examine the activism of these two groups, and demonstrate how conflicts which emerged between these two groups are related to the gentrification of nightlife. Based on this examination, I argue that pro-nightlife politics needs to develop a more robust and comprehensive political response to the market force of gentrification, in addition to contesting laws and institutions that unduly regulate nightlife. This paper seeks to contribute to a hitherto under-researched topic, that of the politicization of nightlife. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focusing on the consequences of social and cultural displacement from commercial gentrification, this article examines the perspective of 'early gentrifiers' decades after they moved into the neighborhood. Based on ethnographic data collected on the Lower East Side-a gentrified neighborhood with new bars-this article analyzes how new nightlife triggered early gentrifiers to weave a 'nostalgia narrative' from their experiences. They use this narrative to construct a new local identity as the neighborhood's symbolic 'owners,' which helps them in their collective action against bars. Their narrative, however, contains internal contradictions that reveal several issues with their new identity. I argue that a cultural analysis of early gentrifiers reveals significant social configurations in gentrified neighborhoods and informs us of the relationship between ideology and action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The history of New York’s creative districts from Greenwich Village in the early 1900s to Bushwick today shows that the unanticipated consequences of unplanned or naturally occurring areas where artists work and live are higher housing prices, more intensive capital investment, and eventual displacement and gentrification. Despite predominant motifs of grittiness and transgression, the esthetic representation of “difference” in creative districts attracts non-creative cultural consumers who develop a taste for an authentic, bohemian lifestyle. Cultural entrepreneurs, some of whom are creative producers themselves, enable knowledgeable consumers’ entry into the creative district, followed eventually by the media, more consumers, and real estate developers. The little state regulation of artists’ housing that exists does not serve the stated goal, for the building of a district’s reputation as “creative” results in group out-migration to other places. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article examines the interaction between congregations and the process of gentrification in the sections of Williamsburg and Greenpoint, Brooklyn, NY. Gentrification has been thought to encourage secularization, but the various waves of newcomers that have arrived in Williamsburg-Greenpoint and the subsequent relocation of the area's long-time residents has not dissipated religious life as much as segmented it as congregations seek to fill and exploit various niches to meet religious needs and reaffirm their identities. I create a typology based on a study of 30 congregations that delineates the characteristics of three major niches: lifestyle enclaves, neighborhood-social center congregations, and ethnic and religious enclaves. While most congregations seek both to adapt to and exert agency during gentrification, their different repertoires of theology, organizational history, and access to networks and resources suggest they can only fill specific niches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As municipalities have enforced laws meant to enhance "quality of life" in gentrifying neighborhoods, controversies have erupted over the legitimacy of such laws. This study investigates one such controversy in New York City. It focuses on how the denial by the courts of social dancing as constitutionally protected mode of expression has led to the judicial endorsement of the municipality's cabaret law regulating the spaces for social dancing, despite the questionable legitimacy of this regulation. The study also draws out two implications for urban activism associated with movements making claims for "the right to the city": first, that we should take seriously activities such as social dancing and the spaces that enable them, which are invaluable to urban life but are not constitutionally protected; and second, that we may use the notion of "urban rights" as a principle to protect these activities and spaces from gentrification and questionable governmental regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capitalization of urban property markets intensifies the contradictions between housing as use-value affordability versus exchange-value asset accumulation, and exacerbates displacement pressures. Policies designed to deal with these contradictions-public housing and rent regulations- allow some low-income renters to resist displacement, particularly in gentrifying neighborhoods. Unfortunately, the resulting empirical configuration has been interpreted in ways that cast doubt on the extent of displacement, its causal links to gentrification, and the necessity of protective policies. In this paper we present an alternative interpretation, using New York City as a case study to analyze the spatial evolution of displacement pressures amidst the restructuring of an embattled yet vital municipal welfare state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]