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He concluded that Seth had a need to be seen for ' ... who I really am', a man with a more receptive, softer side, unlike and different from his own more aggressive father in real life (Diamond, [1], p. 22.). He argues that there is a male potential for penetrability and accessibility and that: ' ... there is a male interior space, an inner path to male receptivity ... ' (Diamond, [1], p. 19). Masculinity and its discontents: the male psyche and the inherent tensions of maturing manhood: Michael J. Diamond, New York, Routledge, 2021, 138 pp., £120. [Extracted from the article]

The New York Independent System Operator (NYISO) has developed a carbon-pricing proposal to reduce carbon intensive electricity generation in anticipation of future clean energy goals in the state. The proposed measure is a so-called 'carbon adder' on CO2 emissions from the power sector that targets the social cost of carbon amidst existing overlapping policies. The carbon adder is set as the difference between the targeted social cost of carbon and the prevailing RGGI price for CO2 emission allowances. We investigate the economic and environmental impacts from the imposition of a carbon adder on New York's power sector. Our analysis indicates that the carbon adder gives the 'right' price signal for New York's power generation to turn into a greener one and is shown to be more cost-effective than clean energy standards. Requirements for permit price floors in the RGGI market induces carbon permit retirements across RGGI states leading to small reductions in region- and country-wide emissions levels.The proposed border carbon adjustments on electricity trade are shown to further mitigate emission leakage. Key policy insights NYISO's proposed carbon adder provides strong incentives for decarbonization and renewable power generation in the New York region. The carbon adder is shown to be more cost-effective than New York's clean energy standard measures in achieving an equivalent level of emissions reductions. This is because the carbon adder targets energy carriers by their specific CO2 emissions while the clean energy standard implicitly targets energy carriers by their specific CO2 emissions while the clean energy standard implicitly provides a uniform subsidy to all clean energy carriers. The existing RGGI price floor mechanism assures that NYISO's unilateral use of carbon adder is environmentally effective by generating overall emission reductions in the RGGI region in order to maintain the existing price floor. Border carbon adjustments on the embodied carbon of electricity imports to New York, and an emission containment reserve, which dynamically adjusts RGGI cap as a response to RGGI price change, will likely mitigate leakage further and improve competitiveness of the New York's energy sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Betsy Prioleau describes Miriam Leslie - wife of the publishing magnate Frank Leslie - as a neglected Gilded Age personality. Miriam and Susan Follin lived together, occasionally with sponsors like William M. Churchwell, a married congressman, bank president, and railroad baron, who encouraged Miriam's promising but short-lived theatrical career. Prioleau describes Miriam Leslie as "an unabashed egotist, indifferent to self-sacrificial deeds, and devil-driven for fame, rank, and power.... She was vain, bigoted, imperious, and hard-boiled" (p. 271). [Extracted from the article]

Zircon grains from two central New York State (USA) Mesozoic kimberlite dikes intruding Middle and Upper Devonian sedimentary rocks were analyzed for U Pb and Lu Hf isotopes, and trace elements, and were derived from different parts of the continental crust and/or upper mantle. Zircon from the Six Mile Creek (SMC) kimberlite has variable physical properties and "felsic" chondrite normalized REE patterns, and yields dates (321–1732 Ma) compatible with entrainment of sedimentary xenoliths during accent through the upper crust. In contrast, zircon from the Taughannock Creek (TAG) kimberlite have near concordant U Pb dates that are distributed between intercept ages of 572 ± 25 and 960 ± 20 (2σ) Ma (MSWD = 0.61) with homogeneous Lu Hf systematics and 176Lu/177Hf ratios <0.0001. Examination in CL reveal TAG zircon grains vary in internal zoning and structures, but they are geochemically and isotopically similar. Their evolution includes early Neoproterozoic (ca. 950 Ma) granulite-facies metamorphism in equilibrium with garnet growth (flat to negative sloping HREE patterns and Ti-in-zircon temperatures >900 °C) during the final assemblage of the supercontinent Rodinia, followed by subsequent Pb-loss, resulting in a discordant array and decoupling of the U Pb and Lu Hf isotopic systems prior to entrainment. Concordant zircon U Pb dates, anchoring the lower intercept, yield an age of 596 ± 7 (2σ) Ma for the timing of Pb-loss. This most likely occurred in a zone of rifting and mafic magmatism beneath Central New York and Pennsylvania during the opening of the Iapetian Ocean. • Xenocrystic zircons were recovered from kimberlite dikes in central New York, USA. • One sample yielded detrital zircons derived from the local Paleozoic section. • The other sample yielded zircon from underlying lower crust or mantle sources. • Granulite facies zircons of Grenville age show Neoproterozoic (∼ 597 Ma) lead loss. • The study area is hypothesized to overlie a rift basin of the Iapetus Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents updates from the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) laboratory. The New York laboratory identified unusual polyphase inclusions in corundum. The 0.45 ct natural-color black heart-shaped diamond was examined at the New York laboratory. The laboratory has identified a near-colorless chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthetic diamond larger than one carat submitted for grading.

Achromatic transparency in 2-D surfaces composed of three adjacent areas, one created from the others, occurs when in the created area it is possible to see the two colours of the adjacent areas. Displays with two white and black intersecting bars were produced to verify the possibility of perceiving transparency in the intersection area when this was subdivided into a different number of white and black diamonds. By increasing the spatial frequency of the elements in the intersection area we investigated the impression of transparency, and found that (i) the impression of transparency increases up to a spatial frequency of 10 cycles deg−1 and then levels off, (ii) there is a transition from a perception of transparency in which white and black are well discriminable to a perception in which a perceptually uniform grey is seen, (iii) the perception of transparency occurring when colours are discriminated seems consistent with Helson's area-luminance hypothesis [1964, in Adaptation Level Theory (New York: Harper & Row) pp 282 – 292], according to which the increase of spatial frequency determines the transition from the phenomenon of contrast to that of assimilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information related to various mineralogical museums. It states that the Society of Mineral Museum Professionals (SMMP) will have its annual board meeting at the Tucson Convention Center on February 10, 2011. It mentions the Margie and Robert E. Petersen's collection of gold nuggets, which was given to the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, California. Moreover, the Kazanjian red diamond was exhibited at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City.

This article discusses a study which examined a very rare natural type IIb diamond with a type Ia component. The study was conducted by the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) Laboratory in New York City. The diamond was graded Fancy Light grayish blue. The stone showed very weak blue fluorescence to long-wave ultraviolet (UV) radiation and was inert to short-wave UV. In addition, the study noted that the mid-infrared spectrum had a dominant IIb character, with a boron component indicated by a band.

The article discusses the presence of atypical photoluminescence feature in E-color, pear-shaped type IIa diamond discovered while conducting a test in a New York laboratory of the Gemological Institute of America (GIA). The defect, which is blamed for the so-called 40 nanometer (nm) band, is said to occur in some type I diamonds. Based on analysis, the 480 nm band is nitrogen-related as it is only detected in type I stones. The author adds that the 480 nm band defect is nickel-related.

The article focuses on a 1.49 carat (ct) pear-shaped diamond examined at a laboratory in New York which was graded Fancy Deep brown-orange. It notes that the Diamond Trading Co. (DTC) DiamondView instrument is considered a helpful tool for observing variations in fluorescence patterns that correlate to the growth history of the diamond. It cites that bodycolor of the diamond appeared equally distributed when seen face-up with the unaided eye. According to the microscopic examination, the apparent color was concentrated in the crown of the diamond.

The article offers information on the 0.63 carat diamond containing an X-shaped hydrogen cloud in its center, with etch channels on all four sides of the cloud, examined by a laboratory in New York. The stone is said to be rich in hydrogen, based on infrared and photoluminescence spectra. The two basic absorptions for the element were shown by the cloud region. It notes a lack of evidence to prove the capability of the cloud to disrupt formation of etch channels.

Information about the "Nature of Diamonds" exhibition held by the American Museum of Natural History in New York is presented. It states that the event has provided vital statistics of diamond, its natural history, and its physical and optical properties. It also offers detailed explanations of diamond mining in Canada, South Africa and Australia.

The article offers information on a diamond cut into a shape of a fish examined by the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) laboratory in New York in 2007. Microscopy analysis revealed small crystals and graphitized inclusions. Using infrared spectroscopy, it was determined that the diamond is type IaB.A, has high blue fluorescence to long-wave ultraviolet (UV) radiation and moderate yellow fluorescence to short-wave UV.

The article presents the results of an assessment of a natural black diamond with oriented etch channel by the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) laboratory in New York in 2007. Infrared spectroscopy revealed that the diamond is a Ia type with high levels of hydrogen. Iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) were detected in the stone through energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis. Its black color is said to have been caused by the presence of dark sectoral clouds based on infrared and photoluminescence spectroscopy results.

The article provides insights on the eye-visible etch channels with multiple branches containing a dark brown material found in a 0.57 carat (ct) Fancy Deep brownish yellow round brilliant diamond discovered by the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) laboratory in New York. The openings of most of the channels are hexagonal and located under the girdle. Channel materials fluoresced blue and intersected various growth zones based on DiamondView images. Also noted is the presence of pyrrhotite and pentlandite in the etch channels.

The article looks at the well-formed bluish green and reddish orange crystal inclusions observed in a 1.01 carat (ct), F-color, round diamond by a grader in a New York laboratory of the Gemological Institute of America (GIA). Among the applications of mineral inclusions are for the identification of diamonds and determining its origin of color and basic geology. The combination of color has prompted the grader to call the find as the Christmas stone. The authors refer to the inclusion as an example of well-formed syngenetic crystals in diamond.

The article focuses on a large type Ib yellow diamond, with isolated nitrogen as its main impurity, examined at a laboratory in New York. It says natural yellow diamonds colored by trace amounts of the element have been considered true canaries for the purity and intensity of their color. It says the 12.01 carat yellow diamond is exceptionally large for such a type of stone and has some rare features. It notes the occurrence of nitrogen, as a common impurity in diamond, in aggregated forms.

The article describes a natural type IIb diamond with a dark gray-green color examined in the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) Laboratory in New York. The diamond was found to have no reaction to long or short-wave ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Its blue fluorescence was strong while its red phosphorescence was weak. The unusual color of the stone is said to be due to the appropriate combination of boron concentration and intensity of plastic deformation.

This article discusses a study on the presence of radiation stains in diamonds. Conducted by the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) Laboratory in New York City, the study examined a 1.01 carat round brilliant cut of diamond submitted for grading. It assessed the effect of a radiation stain on a diamond's clarity grade. It determined if the stain is an inclusion or a blemish.

The article describes a 5.01 carat pear-shaped, glass-filled diamond which emitted subtle flash-effect colors. The diamond was submitted to the New York laboratory of the Gemological Institute of America for a full grading report. A few large feathers were observed, but none exhibited any flash-effect colors. However, a thorough examination through the pavilion of the diamond revealed a small feather that had very subtle blue and pale purple colors. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was used to test the stone.