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Free clinics provide healthcare to underserved patient populations, playing a critical role in the medical safety-net. Syracuse, New York has notable racial, socioeconomic, and educational disparities and is home to four free clinics. Little is known about these clinics' patient population. This study attempts to better define this population and the barriers they face accessing traditional care. We developed a 27-question survey investigating patient demographics, barriers to traditional healthcare, and experience at local free clinics. Our analysis included descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA and Chi square testing. Of 287 patients surveyed, 55% of patients were employed, 78% were uninsured, and 43% cited cost as their primary barrier to insurance. 29% rated their health as fair or poor. 21% had been to the Emergency Room (ER) in the past six months. 38% stated they would go to the ER if free clinics did not exist. Insurance coverage was unrelated to education or employment status (p = .52 and .81, respectively), but differed significantly between racial and ethnic groups (p < .007). Insured patients were more likely to have visited an ER in the past 6 months (p = .01), received preventive health services (p = .02), and seen a provider outside of the free clinic as compared to patients without insurance (p < .001). Free clinic patients represent a heterogeneous population with poor health indicators and several barriers to traditional care, especially cost. This information may aid public health agencies in developing policies to increase access to medical care and decrease morbidity and mortality among this population.