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Energy storage systems (ESSs) have been applied in power systems for a long time. It participates in the grid frequency control at two levels, the primary frequency control and the secondary frequency control. In this paper, a control strategy that integrates one synchronous generator (SG) and ESS as one single generation unit named flexible generator (FG) is proposed, allowing ESS to participate in primary frequency control. The main trick is that the proposed control strategy not only adopts SG's frequency as the ESS control input but also feeds back FG's total output power to control the ESS. FGs have more substantial damping and stability than SGs. The proposed control strategy has a superior performance compared to traditional PID control and fuzzy control strategies of ESSs. The flexible control parameters are determined by the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) with disturbance suppression. The ESS's capacity is discussed and determined. Simulation results of the New England 39-bus system verify the advantages of FGs both in load changes and faults. The HIL experiment results also illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of the flexible control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given high rates of relationship violence among adolescents, there is a need to understand variables that influence adolescents' helping behaviors to reduce risk for dating and sexual violence (reactive) and promote prevention before violence happens or risk factors are evident (proactive). The current paper examined individual and school variables related to greater actionism in a large sample of high school students. Baseline, cross-sectional data used in the current analyses were gathered before intervention as part of a prevention program evaluation across 25 high schools in New England from students in grades 9–12 (N= 3,404). Students who self-reported a greater number of proactive actions taken were students who identified as sexual minorities, had a history of victimization, and were in schools with supportive peer norms. The current findings suggest a model for prevention that might include training individuals and attending to school level variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This longitudinal qualitative research explores the benefits and challenges of using positive peer feedback with a group of foster adolescents during a summer academy at a Northeastern university. In addition, the authors, who taught the class for four years between 2012–2015 reflect on their experience using the structured feedback as a tool in their digital and media literacy class. The paper describes how the instructors addressed challenges revolving around students' social, emotional, and cognitive needs through the incorporation of peer feedback. Based on positive behavior support and peer mentoring, the authors used a structured peer feedback as part of their digital and media literacy pedagogy. The findings show that students' use of peer feedback with different media platforms helped increase the students' engagement, develop collaboration skills and for some enhance their critical thinking. As we move to use more and more digital tools, this method of positive peer feedback can help educators to grow their students' social, emotional, and cognitive skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Scholarly writing is required in nursing, and some students are unable to communicate effectively through writing. Faculty members may struggle with the grading of written assignments. A writing team, consisting of a nursing faculty member, the school of nursing library liaison, and members from academic support services, implemented strategies including workshops, handouts, and use of exemplars to improve student writing and to provide support to faculty. Few students sought help from the writing team. Method: An online writing center within the existing learning management system was developed to address nursing students' and faculty's scholarly writing needs. The writing center includes guides, tutorials, and exemplars. Results: Anecdotal evidence indicates the use of the writing center during afternoons and evenings and prior to due dates of written assignments. Conclusion: Online writing resources were used more frequently than face-to-face support. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article illustrates American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions' support of the "missionary matrimony", mid-nineteenth-century New England women's perceptions of the missionary career obtained through matrimony, and their impressions of the Oriental mission fields and non-Christian or non-Protestant women, who were depicted as victims to be saved. A brief introduction to New England women's involvement in foreign missions will continue with the driving force that led these women to leave the United States for far mission fields in the second part of the paper. This context will be exemplified with the story of a New England missionary wife. The analysis consists of the journal entries and letters of Seraphina Haynes Everett of Ottoman mission field. The writings of this woman from New England give detailed information about the spiritual voyage she was taking in the mid-nineteenth century Ottoman lands. In her letters to the United States, Everett described two Ottoman cities, Izmir (Smyrna) and Istanbul (Constantinople), and wrote about her impressions of Islam and Christianity as practiced in the Ottoman empire. Everett's opinions of the Ottoman empire, which encouraged more American women to devote themselves to the education and to the evangelization of Armenian women of the Ottoman empire in the middle of the nineteenth century, conclude the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deregulation of electrical energy grids (EEGs) and surrogating the installation of bulk power plants with distributed generations such as wind energy sources, despite the score of advantages, bring new challenges for the secure operation of these EEGs for their operators. On the other hand, the deployment of demand response programs (DRPs) alongside the management of these multi-area EEGs (MEEGs) intensifies the complexity of the situation. In this paper, a method is proposed for the secure operation of MEEGs when DRPs are employed to incorporate the end-users in balancing the demand–supply chain. Moreover, the techno-economic impacts of fluctuating nature of wind energy sources are mitigated by coordinating them with energy storage systems (ESSs). To do so, a decentralized probabilistic DC-SCOPF model is developed for the operation of MEEGs with ESS-coordinated wind energy sources when several DRPs are deployed in their different areas. The decentralization of the model is performed based on the optimality condition decomposition (OCD) algorithm which results in a mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problem for each area of the MEEG. What is more; a priority list of DRPs in different areas of the MEEG is generated based on four criteria including the overall operational cost of the system, the number of critical contingencies as the security measure, the overall shed load, and the peak-to-valley ratio (PVR) of the daily demand curve. Numerical simulations are carried out on the New England 39-bus testbed and obtained results are discussed in depth. • The deployment of DRPs alongside scheduling ESS units coordinated with wind energy sources is considered. • DC-SCOPF model considering load-shedding and wind curtailment presents multi-area operation to yield a better solution. • Probabilistic reformulation of the DC-SCOPF model is performed to include the uncertain nature of wind speed. • To decompose the probabilistic DC-SCOPF, OCD method is used which reduces complexity of the model and hence, solution time. • Linear outage factors and a constraint reduction scheme are used to alleviate the model complexity and high solution time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study made in this paper has been directed towards a novel load frequency management (LFM) scheme for solar-wind-based standalone micro-grid (SMG). For LFM, this brief deals with the introduction of proportional–integral–derivative with filter — (one plus integral), i.e., PIDF-(1+I) cascade controller. A maiden endeavor has been performed to employ a recently developed black widow optimization algorithm (BWOA) to obtain the supplementary controller parameters. The considered SMG consists of the wind turbine generator, diesel engine generator, solar photovoltaic as distributed generation unit, and flywheel and ultra-capacitor are considered as energy storage systems. Generation rate constraints and governor dead-band type power system's nonlinearities are also included in this study. This work aims to mitigate the effect of mismatch in demand and generation and minimize the change in frequency deviation (CFD). The maximum obtained CFD with the proposed controller is 0.048 Hz, which is entirely satisfactory and under the permissible limit of IEEE standard. A vivid comparative analysis of artificial bee colony and BWOA tuned controllers like conventional PID, PIDF, and PIDF-(1+I) is also performed. Finally, the detailed robustness assessment of the proposed controller with its real-time implementation through the standard New England IEEE 39 test bus system presents the controller's superiority. [Display omitted] • Load frequency control scheme for standalone microgrid. • Novel Black Widow Optimization Algorithm tuned control. • Robustness analysis of BWOA-PIDF-(1+I) controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This treasury case simulation asks participants to play the role of a junior treasurer of a large New England gas distributor (which the authors named North Eastern Gas) who needs to assess the demand for gas over a calendar year, pay suppliers and anticipate the payment of receivables. The simulation forces participants to anticipate fluctuations in accounts receivable, to pay out dividends to the head office, to anticipate interest rate and credit spread movements, etc. The treasury simulation uses two technological platforms: mySAP® ERP and the ERPsim software. The enterprise system mySAP® ERP is the system used by a majority of the world's 500 largest companies. The system tracks all transactions performed by the company. This is Part 1 of a two-part paper. The authors first present their simulation game' per Se. Part 2 (in a future issue of the Journal) will concentrate on the outcome and debriefing of participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This paper proposes an optimization approach for the participation of wind turbines in large scale power systems. The wind turbine participation optimization aims to regulate the droop slopes and the synthetic inertia of the aggregated wind turbines to command the power contribution of wind turbines proportional to their power ratings in the primary frequency response schemes. A reduced second order model of power system is firstly presented to simplify the analysis of large scale power system. Meanwhile, the internal dynamics of general wind turbines are analyzed and the concept of stability margin is proposed to describe the wind turbines' capability of enduring frequency dips at the bus node. A convex optimization based approach is then presented to regulate the droop slopes and synthetic inertia of the wind turbines incorporating their stability margin. Five case studies are conducted in New England 39‐bus system, IEEE 118‐bus power system and the Polish 3375‐bus system. The simulation results indicate that the proposed approach is capable of transiting the bus frequency to the new steady state in a smoother and more stable manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We are performing a combined randomised and observational study comparing internal fixation to non-surgical management for common wrist fractures in older patients. This paper describes the statistical analysis plan.Methods/design: A Combined Randomised and Observational Study of Surgery for Fractures In the distal Radius in the Elderly (CROSSFIRE) is a randomised controlled trial comparing two types of usual care for treating wrist fractures in older patients, surgical fixation using volar locking plates and non-surgical treatment using closed reduction and plaster immobilisation. The primary aim of this comparative-effectiveness study is to determine whether surgery is superior to non-surgical treatment with respect to patient-reported wrist function at 12 months post treatment. The secondary outcomes include radiographic outcomes, complication rates and patient-reported outcomes including quality of life, pain, treatment success and cosmesis. Primary analysis will use a two-sample t test and an intention-to-treat analysis using the randomised arm of the study. Statistical analyses will be two-tailed and significance will be determined by p < 0.05. Sensitivity analyses will be conducted to assess for differences in intention-to-treat, per-protocol and as-treated analyses. Sensitivity analyses will also be conducted to assess selection bias by evaluating differences in participants between the randomised and observational study arms, and for bias relating to any missing data. An economic analysis will be conducted separately if surgery is shown to provide superior outcomes to a level of clinical significance.Discussion: This statistical analysis plan describes the analysis of the CROSSFIRE study which aims to provide evidence to aid clinical decision-making in the treatment of distal radius fractures in older patients.Trial Registration: CROSSFIRE was approved by The Hunter New England Human Research Ethics Committee (HNEHREC Reference No: 16/02/17/3.04). Registered on 22 July 2016 with The Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR Number; ACTRN12616000969460 ). This manuscript is based on v.11 of the statistical analysis plan. A copy of v.11, signed by the chief investigator and the senior statistician is kept at the administering institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

System inertia plays a vital role in controlling the angular stability of the system during a disturbance. Due to increased penetration of power electronic interfaced sources, such as Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) source, the overall system inertia reduces and varies depending on their operating conditions. In this paper, an approach for online inertia estimation in the power system network with SPV sources is proposed, using the synchronized measurements from Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). An equivalent swing equation is used to emulate the network dynamics. A relationship between the inertia constant and the roots of this equation is determined. In order to numerically obtain the roots, the Estimation of Signal Parameter via Rotational Invariance Techniques (ESPRIT) method is first used to find the modes present in the frequency signal. A new formulation is proposed to extract an equivalent mode from all the obtained modes. Also, to avoid phase step error, Rate Of Change Of Frequency (ROCOF) is estimated from the equivalent mode of the frequency signal. Results obtained for the 39 bus New England system for various test cases, using Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS), prove the efficacy and superiority of the proposed approach over the existing approaches in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a power swing detection algorithm in multi-machine power systems, which uses wide-area synchrophasor measurements and is based on Zubov’s stability boundaries. Zubov’s boundary method, an approximation of the famous Lyapunov function, is very common for numerical analyses of power system stability. This work extends the concept of Zubov’s approximation boundaries to online protection applications. First, the proposed protection algorithm constructs a series of Zubov’s stability boundaries on power angle–frequency ($\delta$ – $\omega$) plane for generators based on real-time measurements from phasor measurement units/merging units. Then, it tracks the trajectory of each generator in the $\delta$ – $\omega$ plane after the disturbance to differentiate out-of-step (OOS) conditions from stable swings. The proposed approach is suitable for online applications, which is a significant improvement over the existing methods for swing detection since it does not require offline studies and network reduction. Effectiveness of the proposed method is shown using a single-machine infinite bus and New-England 10-machine 39-bus systems. The proposed method is also implemented in a hardware-in-the-loop setup with a customized IEC 61850-based OOS relay, and performance is compared with a commercially available relay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: An improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA) for the design of a robust power system stabilizer (PSS) for the multi‐machine power system is developed in this paper. Tuning of PSS parameters using the proposed IWOA is carried out by minimizing a multi‐objective function comprising the damping ratio and damping factor of lightly damped oscillating modes of all the generators. The advantage of considering the objective function is that the lightly damped and undamped oscillating modes of all the generators can shift to a prespecified zone of the s‐plane. The performance of the proposed IWOA is tested on standard benchmark test functions and compared with familiar optimization algorithms. The efficacy of the proposed design technique is tested on three benchmark test systems: three‐generator nine‐bus system, two‐area four‐machine interconnected system, and the New England 10‐generator 39‐bus system working on various operating conditions under several typical disturbances. The potential of the proposed method is demonstrated through eigenvalue analysis. The proposed IWOA‐based PSS is compared with the other stabilizers to show its efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a methodology to determine the adequate percentage of reactive power compensation required to provide an appropriate voltage support and mitigate the impact caused by the massive installation of Wind Power Plants (WPP) in a power system. Mainly, the impact in the system's loadability and the improvement achieved by installing several STATCOM to provide reactive compensation are measured through a probabilistic loadability margin that considers the intermittent behavior of the wind. In addition, the point estimate method is applied to give a stochastic characteristic to the analysis and to determine the statistical mean and standard deviation that are key values to identify the impact of WPP and the necessary reactive supply. This methodology is implemented in the IEEE New England test system (39 Bus) by comparing the statistical mean of loadability margin between an initial case and multiple cases considering different participation percentages of WPP (between 9% to 33%) and different percentages of reactive power compensation injected (between 15% to 75%) under normal operation conditions and considering N-1 contingency scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poorly damped inter-area modes of oscillations represent a major concern to power system operation since they detain the power transfer capability of transmission networks. This situation becomes more stringent as the tie-lines are heavily stressed and/or large amounts of renewable energy resources are installed. To overcome this issue, a detailed mathematical model is proposed in this paper to reduce the linearized model of a large power system using the cross-Gramian technique. The presented approach divides the system into a study area which contains one generation unit with installed power system stabilizer (PSS) and an external one which comprises the rest of generation units in the system. Model order reduction is only applied to the external area with the objective of maintaining the characteristics of the original model. Meanwhile, the dynamics of the study area are preserved to provide the required damping through the designed PSS. In addition, an online tuning methodology is also presented to provide robust damping performance in response to changes in the system operating conditions. The deployed cross-Gramian model order reduction alleviates the computational burden and time associated with the online PSS tuning when original power system models are used. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is tested using the New-England 39-bus system in addition to another practical system which resembles the Northern Regional Power Grid India test system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issue Addressed: Despite recommendations, early childhood education and care services do not plan menus in accordance with sector dietary guidelines. This study aimed to examine the following among Australian long day care services: (a) menu planning practices; (b) prevalence of menu compliance with sector dietary guidelines; and (c) menu planning practices associated with higher menu compliance with sector dietary guidelines.Methods: Long day care services within Hunter New England, NSW participated in a pen and paper survey assessing menu planning practices and socio-demographic and service characteristics. Two-week menus were assessed for compliance with sector dietary guidelines, based on the number of servings of food groups and discretionary foods provided per child, per day.Results: Staff from 72 services completed the survey and 69 provided their menu. Results indicated the service cook was fully responsible for planning the menu in 43% of services, and 57% had received written support to assist with menu planning. Service menus were compliant with an average of 0.68 out of six food groups and discretionary foods. In poisson regression models, a shorter menu cycle length (P = .04) and the receipt of training opportunities to support menu planning (P < .01) were significantly associated with higher menu compliance.Conclusions: Menu compliance with sector dietary guidelines is low among participating long day care services. SO WHAT?: The implementation of practices such as shortening of the menu cycle and the provision of training opportunities may assist in the planning of menus that are more compliant with dietary guidelines in this setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to review and compare two methodologies to solve the power flow problem considering active power generation droop control. The first methodology is based on a DC power flow model, and the second one is based on a conventional full Newton power flow formulation. The study of two test systems is used to validate the proposed analysis; the first one is the 11-bus system with two distinct areas, and the second one is the 39-bus New England power system. The results presented validate and indicate the effectiveness of the DC power flow approach in order to estimate the steady-state system frequency deviations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased wind power penetration and induction loads have deteriorated the voltage stability performance of the power system. This study proposes a multi-stage multi-objective dynamic VAR source placement method for wind energy power system, where three sub-objectives are optimised simultaneously: (i) investment cost and operational control cost; (ii) steady-state voltage stability index; (iii) short-term voltage stability index. This method coordinates the dynamic VAR allocation decisions with preventive and corrective stability controls, including wind power curtailment, modification of the line drop compensation, and load shedding, to improve both steady-state and short-term voltage stability of the system. A robust parameter design technique called Taguchi's Orthogonal Array Testing is used to model the wind power uncertainty. Pareto optimal solutions are obtained for flexible decision-making. The computation burden is mitigated by candidate buses selection and critical contingency identification. The proposed model is demonstrated on the New England 39-bus test system using PSS®E. Compared with conventional approaches, it can achieve higher voltage stability level with less overall cost and moderate wind power curtailment, and at the same time avoid the conservativeness of planning decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper was to use new longitudinal data to investigate the impact of marital status on suicide, and test Durkheim's marital status propositions. Previous research found marital status was associated with suicide, but some studies neglected sex, most of the research was cross-sectional, and divorce and separated statuses were often combined. Data were obtained from the latest release of the U.S. National Longitudinal Mortality Study (NLMS), consisting of the largest U.S. sample of suicide victims, 2,013 out of 1.5 million persons. Proportional hazards and logistic regression models were fitted to the NLMS data based on follow-up from 1990 to 2011. Results showed that when combined, the divorced and separated were over 88% more likely to suicide than the married (ARR = 1.886, CI = 1.649, 2.156). When split, the divorced had suicide risk that was over 97% higher than that of the married (ARR = 1.973, CI = 1.711, 2.274). Separated individuals experienced suicide risk that was nearly 52% greater than that of the married (ARR = 1.515, CI = 1.130, 2.037). The Mountain and southern census divisions had higher suicide risks than New England. Discussion focused mainly on Durkheim's theory of suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using their fast power reduction capabilities, the induction motor variable speed drives can successfully participate in the power system primary frequency control. A new control strategy for fast frequency support from the diode front-end induction motor variable speed drive is presented in this paper. By this, practical restrictions are considered. In this context, an existing conventional scheme presented in literature is firstly modified by deploying an estimated motor's power losses for a more exactly control design. Next, a novel control scheme is proposed. It attains the fastest frequency support from the drive and simultaneously restricts its minimum power consumption to a given positive value to prevent regeneration mode during the frequency support process. The frequency of applied voltage to the motor is adjusted through a proportional-integrator compensator with deviation of the drive's consumption power from its reference power as input. The reference power is synthesized by permanent and temporary components, which are determined based on deviation and time derivative of the power system's frequency, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed smart drive for the primary frequency control is investigated using the New England 39 bus and a more realistic Great Britain 36 zone test networks. It improves system frequency response in terms of the rate of change of frequency and the frequency nadir. Furthermore, the new control scheme can contribute to quickly damping inter-area oscillations in multi-machine power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid penetration of novel cutting-edge technologies into power grids has paved a way for new opportunities besides challenges. Though the conventional system integrity protection schemes (SIPS) are performing well, they may not be adequate for the high-end protection of smart power grid (SPG) due to increasing complexity. This paper proposes a synchrophasor measurement-assisted SIPS method for the high-end protection of SPG. It employs synchronized voltage and current phasor data, acquired at phasor data concentrator (PDC) of wide-area supervisory protection system (WASPS) from all phasor measurement units (PMU), to detect the disturbance, identify disturbed area and locate the sensitive region (SR). Further, the proposed scheme classifies fault and stressed conditions using the estimated peak time (Tp_est) and time of settling (Ts_est) from the voltage phasor oscillations. The functioning of the proposed method has been illustrated through various case studies carried on Kundur's two-area model. Furthermore, the efficacy of the proposed method has been validated on the New England IEEE-39 bus system in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The results show that the proposed method is efficient in enhancing the system integrity protection (SIPS) and situational awareness (SA) in SPG. In addition, it improves the protection system reliability (PSR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New England represents a critical arena for imagining the multiple scales and geographies of energy transition. To the south, the densely-populated states of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island power the regional political economy and increasingly aspire to expand their reliance on low-carbon energy sources. To the north, Hydro-Quebec, Canada's largest hydropower producer, stands poised to increase its hydroelectric production and electricity exports to the northeastern United States as it envisions its future as North America's "leading provider of clean energy." Citizens of northern New England, however, have argued that this vision for regional energy transition leaves them the role of "extension cord." This paper analyzes grassroots opposition to the Northern Pass project, a proposed high-capacity transmission line that would have increased imports of Quebecois hydroelectricity to southern New England. Drawing on interviews and from discourse and material analysis, this paper argues that opposition to Northern Pass was motivated by complex notions of stewardship, solidarity, resistance, and contestation that, rather than simply standing in the way of energy development, work to imagine more just futures for this transnational energy system at multiple scales obscured by accusations of NIMBYism, or the Not-In-My-Backyard movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a method based on wavelet analysis (WA) and Multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) to predict transient stability status (TSS) after a disturbance. It uses as input data, generator terminal frequency deviations extracted at a rate of thirty-two samples per cycle. Only the first eight frequency deviation samples per machine are needed. The eight samples are sub-divided into two sets, one set consisting of the first four samples and the other set consisting of the last four samples. Each set of samples is decomposed into 2 levels using the Daubechies 8 mother wavelet and the absolute peak value of detail coefficients obtained. The absolute peaks of detail coefficients of the first sample sets of all generators are added and so are the absolute peaks of detail coefficients of the second sample sets. The two summed values are then used as inputs to a trained MLPNN which predicts the TSS. The method was evaluated using dynamic simulations carried out on the New England test system. The method was found to be accurate and can be implemented in real-world systems to provide system operators advance information on system stability, following disturbances, to aid the deployment of needed emergency control measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recovery capital is a theoretical construct elucidating the resources that support recovery from addiction. The 50-item Assessment of Recovery Capital (ARC) instrument and related brief-format versions are the predominant measures of this construct. However, some of the ARC's psychometric properties are not well-established, particularly in racially and economically diverse populations. Objectives: We aimed to determine if the ARC is a valid and reliable measure of recovery capital in a diverse sample. Methods: Paper-and-pencil survey data were collected between March 2017 and May 2018 from a low-income, racially diverse sample of adults in recovery (N = 273). Participants were recruited from nontreatment community settings throughout a mid-sized northeastern U.S. city. They completed the ARC and sociodemographic questions. To determine the ARC's reliability and factor structure, we used item-level analyses and Cronbach's alpha, followed by confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses. Results: Several items performed poorly, having means close to response extremes and problematically small variances. Cronbach's alpha for the full measure was α =.92; however, alphas for the majority of subscales were below.70. The a priori 10-factor model solution failed, preventing interpretation of the confirmatory factor analysis results. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that although the 10-factor model marginally fit the data, items did not load together as proposed. Not once did all five subscale items load highly on the same factor. Conclusions/Importance: The ARC has substantial weaknesses in its theoretical alignment, item performance, and psychometric properties with diverse populations. We recommend the development of a new multidimensional, theory-aligned measure, following a rigorous measurement development protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the continuous growth of grid-integrated wind power generation causes reduction in the inertia of power system, which deteriorates primary frequency regulation (PFR) of grid. Therefore, wind farms (WFs) are recommended to operate at deloaded condition, rather than maximum power point, to provide sufficient primary reserve for improvement of the PFR. To improve PFR, the droop control uses this reserve and the inertia support emulates stored kinetic energy from the rotor of wind turbines. In this paper, a distributed synchronized control (DSC) technique is proposed which uses optimum power share ratio (PSR) and the frequency of each WF at the point of common coupling to calculate the droop. The optimum PSR is based on the ratio of primary reserve at the WF and required change in rotor speed for the WF. An iterative method is proposed to obtain the PSR of each WF. To reduce delay effect on proposed DSC performance, the synchronized droop varies differently with increasing communication delays. The effectiveness of proposed DSC is tested in WF integrated 39-bus New England system and compared with distributed Newton method. The performance of proposed DSC is verified for different false data injection scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We previously presented a model for deep penetration of renewables in the electricity sector of the southern half of the United States (Khoie and Yee in Clean Technol Environ Policy 17(4):957–971, 2015). In this paper, we present a strategy for the northern half of the United States to utilize its available renewable resources to gradually decrease its reliance on fossil fuels in electricity generation and develop energy portfolios with increasing share of renewables. Using the electricity generation data from the US EIA (Electricity, electric power monthly, 2019d. https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/), and the renewable resource maps produced by NREL (Geospatial data science, 2018a. http://www.nrel.gov/gis/solar.html; Geospatial data science, 2018b. http://www.nrel.gov/gis/wind.html), we develop strategies for the states in the northern half of the USA. We group these states into seven regions: West Coast, Mountain States, Middle West States, Lake States, Mid-Atlantic, South Atlantic, and New England states. For each region, we determine when and if the electricity generation from renewables will meet the region's electricity need while accounting for a 1% annual increase in electricity demand. The renewable resources included in our models are solar (rural, urban, and rooftop photovoltaic), wind (onshore), hydro, biomass, and geothermal which vary greatly from region to region. We also include nuclear, coal, natural gas, and petroleum. Our results show that the West Coast, Mountain, and Middle West regions have the potential to become 100% renewable in the years 2041, 2039, and 2038, respectively. Additionally, our results show that the four regions of Lake, Mid-Atlantic, South Atlantic, and New England states may not be able to produce 100% of their electricity demand from their renewable resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A well-designed scheme is essential for assessment and protection of the stability of power system after an unanticipated event. This paper proposes a strategy for regulating three-phase faults and other events that endanger frequency or voltage stability of the system. The aim is to promptly identify such events utilizing supervised learning-based classification modules, and initiate suitable emergency control. The imbalances of active and reactive power after an event have been utilized to predict the stability of system. A new optimization-based formulation has been presented for estimation of reactive power imbalance. An event predicted as unstable is counteracted by prompt load shedding. Conventionally, load shedding is based on frequency or voltage information independently which reduces the effect of load shedding. This work proposes a new load shedding procedure considering both active and reactive power. The proposed scheme is tested on New England (NE) 39-bus system and Northern Regional Power Grid (NRPG) 246-bus system, and results of load shedding have been compared with two existing load shedding schemes. The results indicate the accuracy of classification modules in identifying faults and unstable events, and the proposed load shedding restores stability of the system with less amount of load shed and better voltage profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The review of the literature survey of transient stability constrained optimal power flow (TSCOPF) shows that only mechanical input power is used as a key parameter in the energy sensitivity approaches while generator's voltage changes are not considered. Using AC-OPF, this paper considers the effect of generator voltage changes in the calculation of energy sensitivity. To evaluate the transient stability, a new index from the family of corrected hybrid techniques is proposed and applied. It is shown that the change of the proposed index against the mentioned key parameters is linear. Thus, to reduce the computational burden of the approach, this linear property is considered to define the transient stability constraint. The proposed framework is implemented on the New England 39-bus test network. A comparison of the obtained results with those in the literature survey shows that using the proposed approach, the operation cost is decreased from 61799.68 ($/h) to 60927.86 ($/h) which achieves 1.41% saving in the fuel cost while securing the network against considered contingency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By failing to keep up with the praxeological turn of early modern Europeanists in the 1980s, scholarship on colonial America has consistently discounted the historical student. Uninterested in examining the intellectual habits of colonial students, early American historians have had little to say about seventeenth- and eighteenth-century schools beyond rehearsing worn, and often demonstrably false platitudes. This article seeks to take colonial students seriously by examining one of their most common, yet little studied intellectual practices: shorthand. When we apply the focus on intellectual praxis to modest subjects, when we look across boundaries of space and time, placing colonial America back into the fold of early modern history, a different image of the historical student snaps into focus. Rather than negligible rote memorizers, colonial students become active and engaged learners who sought to propagate the latest scribal technologies of their times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The procrastination behavior of students from a small rural university was decreased by presenting them with a rule indicating that a sooner final due date for a writing assignment would be contingent on procrastination during earlier phases of the paper. A counterbalanced AB BA design was used to measure the effects of the rule-based treatment across 2 introductory psychology classes ( N = 33). Overall, participants engaged in less procrastination, missed fewer deadlines, and produced higher quality writing in the treatment condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybridity as an interpretive construct in the archaeology of colonialism has encountered many pitfalls, due largely to the way it has been set adrift from clear theoretical anchors and has been applied inconsistently to things, practices, processes, and even people. One of the telltale signs of its problematic nature is the ease with which archaeologists claim to identify the origin and existence of hybridity but the difficulty faced if asked when and how such hybridity actually ends, if it does. In that context, this paper offers a potential requiem for hybridity. If we need not go that far, archaeologists at least need to rein in the “Frankenstein” version of hybridity that permeates archaeology and occludes its variable and problematic origins, acknowledge the dangers of accentuating or even celebrating “purées,” and beware of the creation of cultural “mules” in analytical classifications and interpretations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cascading outages in power systems can lead to major power disruptions and blackouts in power systems. By taking Manual Corrective Actions (MCAs), operators could be able to mitigate a cascading outage following an initiating event. However, due to stressful and time-constrained situations, they might not be able to take appropriate corrective actions in time and might even take counter-productive actions. Although numerous approaches have been developed to assess the risk of cascading outages in a probabilistic way, they generally do not consider in a realistic manner MCAs, including their imperfection. This paper aims to address that gap by proposing a Human Reliability Analysis-Optimal Power Flow (HRA-OPF) framework. The developed approach is applied to the New England Test System (NETS) and to the Reliability Test System (RTS). The risks of loss of supplied power are compared for different possibilities: no MCAs, perfect MCAs, and imperfect MCAs. • Grid operators can halt cascading outages during the slow phase before fast escalation. • Nonetheless, improper manual corrective action (MCA) due to degraded situational awareness worsen the situation. • Proposed HRA-OPF framework estimates the failure probability of MCAs due to time limits. • Estimated failure probabilities are then employed in risk assessment of cascading outages. • The risk of cascading outages is compared for three cases: Perfect, Imperfect and No MCAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work proposes an approach based on critical dynamic modes to detect four types of phasor measurement unit (PMU) data anomalies in smart power grids. Smart power grids as modern power systems involve new information and communication technologies (ICTs), relying on real-time data, like data of PMUs. Due to the dependence of PMUs on communication technology, PMUs are prone to different data anomalies and false data injection attacks, such as replay attack, which has been rarely considered in previous works. Since detecting abnormal data is necessary for the proper function of the power system, most detection methods have been data-based approaches that may need a large amount of data and lead to more complexity. This paper proposes an online detection approach based on the minimum number of dynamic modes for the local detection of a replay attack and three types of bad data injection on PMU measurements. For this purpose, a distributed modeling of the power system is considered. Then, a replay attack and bad data injections are detected locally by tracking critical dynamic modes. The proposed approach can detect simultaneous data anomalies on more than one PMU. The effectiveness and accuracy of this approach are evaluated through simulations on the 10-machine New England 39-bus power system. • New approach based critical dynamic modes is proposed to detect PMU data anomalies. • Two distance criteria are proposed for data anomaly detection. • Besides a replay attack, three types of PMU data anomalies are modeled. • Sending repeated data as a PMU malfunction is detected as a type of PMU data anomaly. • Simultaneous data anomalies on several PMUs are also detected by proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern power systems, uncertainties related to loads and renewable energy sources increase the need for reliable tools for steady-state and dynamic studies. These uncertainties are commonly modeled using probability density functions. In the context of the probabilistic small-signal stability analysis of power systems, the challenge lies in developing computationally efficient tools that accurately calculate the probability of ensuring security (minimum damping ratio greater than or equal to a desired value) and stability (negative spectral abscissa) requirements. This paper proposes an optimization approach for designing power system stabilizers to maximize the probability of meeting these security and stability requirements. The innovation of this approach is the integration of the unscented transformation (UT) with the particle swarm optimization (PSO). The UT is advantageous, as it requires a smaller number of samples to compute the mean and standard deviation of the output variables, especially compared to the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), whereas PSO provides high-quality solutions. The New-England test system is employed in a case study to validate the proposed approach. This case study highlights the method’s accuracy and computational efficiency advantages, showcasing its potential to address the challenges posed by increasing uncertainties in modern power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cross-sectional study describes knowledge, perceived competence, and behaviors relative to intimate partner violence (IPV)-related brain injury (BI) among staff in residential domestic violence shelter programs across a New England state. A 23-item questionnaire was administered to registrants of an online IPV-related BI training series. Within this sample, knowledge about IPV-related BI was high, but relative to providing screening, accommodations, and specialized referrals to survivors with BI, perceived competence was low, and behaviors were infrequent. IPV shelter agencies should facilitate IPV-related BI training programs for staff and prioritize developing and implementing BI screening, accommodation, and referral policies and procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clinical judgment is declining in new graduate nurses, which affects patient safety and is therefore tested on the Next Generation NCLEX. There is limited research describing barriers and facilitators impacting nursing faculty's experiences teaching clinical judgment. Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore barriers and facilitators affecting undergraduate nursing faculty's clinical judgment teaching methods. Methods: Sixteen qualitative interviews were conducted with full-time nursing faculty at seven universities in the Northeast and Southeast regions of the United States. Results: The findings revealed program, student, and faculty factors affecting clinical judgment teaching methods. Subthemes included time, class size, students' class preparation, critical thinking, task orientation, professional development, and faculty resistance. Conclusion: Minimizing barriers and strengthening facilitators based on participants' practices and previous research can support more effective clinical judgment pedagogy, which has the potential to achieve Next Generation NCLEX success and potentially increase patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Intimate partner violence (IPV) victim advocates are exposed daily to the traumas of their clients, including the potential exposure to an intimate partner homicide (IPH). While research has examined the effects of daily secondary exposure to IPV on victim advocates, little is known about the specific effect of IPH. This study examined how the IPH of a client affected advocates' perception of and approach to their work. Methods: Nine advocates were recruited from the northeastern U.S. and interviewed about their experience of the IPH of a client. Advocate interviews were analyzed using The Listening Guide Analysis which systematically isolates and listens to the different, and often contradictory, voices that a participant uses. Results: Exposure to IPH changed participants' perception of their role, how they defined client, and how they interacted with future clients. At a macro-level, the IPH of a client motivated advocates to advance changes in agency protocol, multisector responses, and state policy based on what they had learned from the IPH. Opportunities to translate shifts in their worldview into tangible changes to protocol and policy were critical to advocate adjustment after the IPH. Conclusions: In order to support advocates after IPH, organizations should acknowledge the potentially transformative effect of IPH and create opportunities for meaning making to assist in advocate adjustment. It is imperative for advocacy organizations to support their employees to prevent advocate burnout and the loss of experienced staff, and to continue to provide effective services to vulnerable members of their communities after IPH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sea‐level change threatens the U.S. East Coast. Thus, it is important to understand the underlying causes, including ocean dynamics. Most past studies emphasized links between coastal sea level and local atmospheric variability or large‐scale circulation and climate, but possible relationships with local ocean currents over the shelf and slope remain largely unexplored. Here we use 7 years of in situ velocity and sea‐level data to quantify the relationship between northeastern U.S. coastal sea level and variable Shelfbreak Jet transport south of Nantucket Island. At timescales of 1–15 days, southern New England coastal sea level and transport vary in anti‐phase, with magnitude‐squared coherences of ∼0.5 and admittance amplitudes of ∼0.3 m Sv−1. These results are consistent with a dominant geostrophic balance between along‐shelf transport and coastal sea level, corroborating a hypothesis made decades ago that was not tested due to the lack of transport data. Plain Language Summary: Sea‐level rise is an imminent threat to coastal communities worldwide, including the U.S. East Coast. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the processes driving regional sea‐level change. While past studies documented how coastal sea level may be influenced by large‐scale ocean circulation, less attention has been paid to the role of more local currents over the shelf and slope. Here we explore the relationship between coastal sea level along the northeastern U.S. and the Shelfbreak Jet, a current that flows along the shelfbreak from the Labrador Sea to Cape Hatteras (North Carolina). From 7 years of in situ data of both current velocities and water levels, we see that as coastal sea level rises, Shelfbreak Jet transport increases westward (and vice versa) on timescales of days to weeks. Our results lay the groundwork for understanding relationships between coastal sea level and local ocean dynamics elsewhere. Key Points: Daily Shelfbreak Jet transports and Southern New England coastal sea levels are anti‐correlated during 2014–2022The observed relationship between these two variables is consistent with geostrophic balanceFor this region, coastal sea levels are more sensitive to local ocean dynamics than to large‐scale circulation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is unknown to what extent medical researchers generalize study findings beyond their samples when their sample size, sample diversity, or knowledge of conditions that support external validity do not warrant it. It is also unknown to what extent medical researchers describe their results with precise quantifications or unquantified generalizations, i.e., generics, that can obscure variations between individuals. We therefore systematically reviewed all prospective studies (n = 533) published in the top four highest ranking medical journals, Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), and the British Medical Journal (BMJ), from January 2022 to May 2023. We additionally reviewed all NEJM Journal Watch clinical research summaries (n = 143) published during the same time. Of all research articles reporting prospective studies, 52.5% included generalizations beyond specific national study populations, with the numbers of articles with generics varying significantly between journals (JAMA = 12%; Lancet = 77%) (p < 0.001, V = 0.48). There was no evidence that articles containing broader generalizations or generics were correlated with larger or more nationally diverse samples. Moreover, only 10.2% of articles with generalizations beyond specific national populations reported external validity strengthening factors that could potentially support such extrapolations. There was no evidence that original research articles and NEJM Journal Watch summaries intended for practitioners differed in their use of broad generalizations, including generics. Finally, from the journal with the highest citation impact, articles containing broader conclusions were correlated with more citations. Since there was no evidence that studies with generalizations beyond specific national study populations or with generics were associated with larger, more nationally diverse samples, or with reports of population similarity that may permit extensions of conclusions, our findings suggest that the generalizations in many articles were insufficiently supported. Caution against overly broad generalizations in medical research is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pain is a significant burden for children with neurodevelopmental disabilities but is difficult for clinicians to identify. No pain assessment tools for children with neurodevelopmental disabilities have been validated for use in pediatric intensive care units. The Individualized Numeric Rating Scale (INRS) is an adapted 0-to-10 rating that includes parents' input on their child's pain indicators. Objectives: To evaluate the reliability, validity, and feasibility and acceptability of use of the INRS for assessing pain in critically ill children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Methods: This observational study enrolled critically ill patients with neurodevelopmental disabilities aged 3 to 17 years in 2 pediatric intensive care units at a children's hospital using a prospective repeated-measures cohort design. Structured parent interviews were used to populate each patient's INRS. Bedside nurses assessed pain using the INRS throughout the study. The research team completed independent INRS ratings using video clips. Participating parents and nurses completed feasibility and acceptability surveys. Psychometric properties of the INRS and survey responses were evaluated with appropriate statistical methods. Results: For 481 paired INRS pain ratings in 34 patients, interrater reliability between nurse and research team ratings was moderate (weighted κ = 0.56). Parents said that creating the INRS was easy, made them feel more involved in care, and helped them communicate with nurses. Conclusions: The INRS has adequate measurement properties for assessing pain in critically ill children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. It furthers goals of patient- and family-centered care but may have implementation barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power systems exhibit nonlinearity. causing dynamic instability and complex power oscillations. This research proposes an innovative strategy using the Novel Bat Algorithm (NBA) to achieve ideal Power System Stabilizers (PSSs) in a multimachine power system. The approach shifts electromechanical modes to specific areas in the s-plane. Enhancing the multi-machine power system and establishing stabilizer parameters for dynamic performance. The study examines the designed approach aptitude for standard lead-lag PSSs configurations. In order to elevate the global search problem and transfer some static operators for the optimum optimization process. the chaos mapping. also known as CNBA. is introduced into NBA. Four different forms of chaos maps are compared in experiments to resolve unconstrained mathematical issues in order to illustrate CNBA performance. In any other case. the challenge of designing PSS under a wide range of loading situations is transformed into an optimization challenge with the damping ratio of electromechanical modes with low damping as the target function. The optimal stabilizers' gains are gotten by employing the CNBA algorithm. Second plan. an effective technique is astutely established to delineate the PSS location and quantity using CNBA and another side using participation factor. To examine the efficacy of the proposed CNBA-based PSS on a large system; it is tested on the interconnected of New-England/New-York (16 generators and 68 buses) power grid. and verified by comparative study with NBA through eigenvalue analysis and nonlinear simulation to provide evidence the algorithmic competence of CNBA. The CNBA approach yields a minimum damping ratio of 37%. which is consistent with the its eigenvalue. In contrast, the NBA approach achieves a minimum damping ratio of 31%. The simulation results reveal the fine performance of the proposed CNBA-PSS in a convincing manner and its capacity to provide an excellent damping for inter-area and local oscillations under diverse operating cases compared to NBA-PSS then in the case of PSS location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we develop a model for the problem of (a) locating appropriate levels and types of cleanup capability to respond to oil spills and (b) allocating such capability among points of high oil spill potential. The model takes into account frequency of spill occurrence, variability of spill volumes, different cleanup technologies, equipment efficiency and operability, fixed costs to open a facility, equipment acquisition, transportation and operating costs, and costs of damage as functions of spill volume and level of response. The model can also accept policy stipulations on response times. We present an illustrative application of the model in the New England region and discuss its possible uses within existing and alternative policy environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to improve transient stability using the Ant Colony Optimization for Continuous Domains (ACOR). This improvement is obtained by solving the Transient Stability Constrained Optimal Power Flow (TSCOPF) problem and extracting the sensitivity coefficients. The presented costs minimization approach requires less execution time to manage energy resources efficiently and compared to other conventional methods, it also outperforms based on statistical indicators such as mean and standard deviation. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis of the suggested method considers the active power generation of the generating units along with their terminal voltage, which notably decreases the operation cost and reduces risk to the power system. On the other hand, the application of ACOR algorithm can reduce the fuel cost of power system operation to 60,928.36 $/h with a decrease of 15.33 $/h compared to the conventional method with a standard deviation equal to 2.51 $/h and an execution time of 7.66 s. This strategy could be used in power system dispatching. This method is implemented on the New England 39 bus system, and the results demonstrate the method's efficiency compared to other conventional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]