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Summary: Background: Awake bruxism and sleep bruxism are common conditions amongst adult populations, although prevalence data are scarce. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of awake bruxism and sleep bruxism in the Dutch adult population. Methods: As part of a large epidemiologic survey on oral health of the general Dutch adult population, a total of 1209 subjects were asked about their bruxism behaviour during the day and during their sleep. The collected data were subjected to stratified analysis by five age groups (25‐34, 35‐44, 45‐54, 55‐64 and 65‐74 years), socioeconomic status, and gender. Results: A prevalence of 5.0% of the total population was found for awake bruxism and of 16.5% for sleep bruxism. Regarding the five age groups, prevalence of 6.5%, 7.8%, 4.0%, 3.2% and 3.0%, respectively, were found for awake bruxism, and of 20.0%, 21.0%, 16.5%, 14.5% and 8.3%, respectively, for sleep bruxism. Women reported both awake bruxism and sleep bruxism more often than men. These differences were statistically significant. Concerning socioeconomic status (SES), both awake bruxism and sleep bruxism were more often found in high SES groups, being statistically significant for awake bruxism only. Conclusion: Sleep bruxism is a common condition in the Dutch adult population, while awake bruxism is rarer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of sleep hygiene measures combined with relaxation techniques in the management of sleep bruxism ( SB) in a double-blind, parallel, controlled, randomised clinical trial design. Sixteen participants (mean ± s.d. age = 39·9 ± 10·8 years) were randomly assigned to a control group ( n = 8) or to the experimental treatment group ( n = 8). Participants belonging to the latter group were instructed to perform sleep hygiene measures and progressive muscle relaxation techniques for a 4-week period. Two polysomnographic recordings, including bilateral masseter electromyographic activity, were made: one prior to the treatment and the other after the treatment period. The number of bruxism episodes per hour, the number of burst per hour and the bruxism time index (i.e. the percentage of total sleep time spent bruxing) were established as outcome variables. No significant differences could be observed between the outcome measures obtained before and after the 4-week period, neither for the sleep bruxism variables nor for the sleep variables. Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that there is no effect of sleep hygiene measures together with progressive relaxation techniques on sleep bruxism or sleep over a 4-week observation period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To assess the prevalence rates of self-reported sleep bruxism and awake bruxism and their associations with several demographical, exogenous, and psychosocial factors among Dutch adolescents. Methods In a cross-sectional questionnaire survey, 4285 questionnaires were completed, with an about equal gender distribution and with ages ranging from 10 to 22 years. Results In the group of 4235 12- to 18-year-old adolescents, sleep bruxism had a reported prevalence of 14.8% and awake bruxism of 8.7%. Logistic regression analyses revealed that sleep bruxism was associated with female gender [ OR = 1.49 (95% CI = 1.23-1.81)], pain or tense feeling in the jaws upon awakening in the morning [ OR = 1.47 (95% CI = 1.17-1.86)], clicking joint sounds [ OR = 1.31 (95% CI = 1.03-1.65)], stress [ OR = 1.25 (95% CI = 1.00-1.55)], and depressive mood [ OR = 1.35 (95% CI = 1.10-1.65)]. Awake bruxism was associated with orofacial pain [ OR = 1.49 (95% CI = 1.16-1.91)], clicking joint sounds [ OR = 1.50 (95% CI = 1.13-1.98)], scraping joint sounds [ OR = 2.03 (95% CI = 1.21-3.37)], stress [ OR = 1.36 (95% CI = 1.03-1.78)], depressive mood [ OR = 1.82 (95% CI = 1.42-2.35)], and smoking [ OR = 1.42 (95% CI = 1.06-1.89)]. Conclusions Sleep bruxism and awake bruxism are common conditions among Dutch adolescents, with self-reported prevalence rates that are slightly higher than those derived from most large-scale studies on adults. Several predictor variables were found to be exclusively associated with either form of bruxism, corroborating the common suggestion that both circadian manifestations are, at least in part, different entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the association between self-reported sleep bruxism and insomnia and their potential risk factors (eg, depression and anxiety), and to construct a network model with all these factors., Methods: We recruited 2251 participants from the Netherlands Sleep Registry. All participants completed questionnaires on self-reported sleep bruxism, insomnia, depression, anxiety, smoking frequency, and alcohol and caffeine consumption. The associations between self-reported sleep bruxism and other variables were analyzed by univariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression, and network analysis., Results: Although univariate analysis showed that there was a positive association between sleep bruxism and insomnia (P < 0.001), this association disappeared in the multivariate logistic regression model (P = 0.258). However, multivariate logistic regression did show an association between self-reported sleep bruxism and anxiety (OR = 1.087, 95% CI 1.041-1.134). The network model showed that there was no direct link between self-reported sleep bruxism and insomnia. However, there was an indirect link between self-reported sleep bruxism and insomnia via anxiety., Conclusions: Although self-reported sleep bruxism has no direct association with insomnia, anxiety is a bridging factor between these variables., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether geographical variation exists in the prevalence rates and associated factors of parental-reported sleep bruxism (SB) among 7- to 12-year-old children living in three culturally different countries., Methods: An identical questionnaire was completed by parents or guardians of children in the Netherlands (Europe), Armenia (West Asia) and Indonesia (Southeast Asia). Pearson's chi-square tests were used to investigate geographical variation in occurrence; logistic regression analyses were performed to study associations., Results: In total, data of 2,562 questionnaires were analysed. The overall prevalence of parental-reported SB was significantly higher in Armenia (36.5%) than in the Netherlands and Indonesia (19.5% and 24.2%, respectively; P < 0.001). However, differences between countries seemed to have disappeared in children around the age of 12. Geographical variation in associated factors is reflected in the fact that, depending on the country, a variety of variables were positively related with parental-reported SB (i.e. younger age, and/or having male gender, and/or experiencing pressure or tension from the home situation, and/or being more easily scared and/or having difficulties in falling asleep)., Conclusions: Considerable geographical variation can exist in the epidemiology of parental-reported SB in children. Cultural rules and standards could explain these findings., (© 2018 FDI World Dental Federation.)

Bruxism is described as a repetitive jaw-muscle activity characterised by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible. This article provides an inventory of medications registered in the Netherlands and of addictive substances reported to potentially induce or aggravate bruxism as an adverse effect, and of medications registered in the Netherlands reported to potentially ameliorate existing bruxism. Groups of medications known as having the potential adverse effect of bruxism are amphetamines, anticonvulsants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Separate medicaments found in the scientific literature, having this potential are aripiprazole, atomoxetine, duloxetine, flecainide, ketotifen and methadone. Addictive substances with bruxism as potential adverse effect are alcohol, heroin, methamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, nicotine and piperazines. Medications with the potential to ameliorate existing bruxism are botulinum toxin A, bromocriptine, buspirone, clonazepam, clonidine, gabapentin and levodopa.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence rates of self-reported sleep bruxism and awake bruxism and their associations with several demographical, exogenous, and psychosocial factors among Dutch adolescents., Methods: In a cross-sectional questionnaire survey, 4285 questionnaires were completed, with an about equal gender distribution and with ages ranging from 10 to 22 years., Results: In the group of 4235 12- to 18-year-old adolescents, sleep bruxism had a reported prevalence of 14.8% and awake bruxism of 8.7%. Logistic regression analyses revealed that sleep bruxism was associated with female gender [OR = 1.49 (95% CI = 1.23-1.81)], pain or tense feeling in the jaws upon awakening in the morning [OR = 1.47 (95% CI = 1.17-1.86)], clicking joint sounds [OR = 1.31 (95% CI = 1.03-1.65)], stress [OR = 1.25 (95% CI = 1.00-1.55)], and depressive mood [OR = 1.35 (95% CI = 1.10-1.65)]. Awake bruxism was associated with orofacial pain [OR = 1.49 (95% CI = 1.16-1.91)], clicking joint sounds [OR = 1.50 (95% CI = 1.13-1.98)], scraping joint sounds [OR = 2.03 (95% CI = 1.21-3.37)], stress [OR = 1.36 (95% CI = 1.03-1.78)], depressive mood [OR = 1.82 (95% CI = 1.42-2.35)], and smoking [OR = 1.42 (95% CI = 1.06-1.89)]., Conclusions: Sleep bruxism and awake bruxism are common conditions among Dutch adolescents, with self-reported prevalence rates that are slightly higher than those derived from most large-scale studies on adults. Several predictor variables were found to be exclusively associated with either form of bruxism, corroborating the common suggestion that both circadian manifestations are, at least in part, different entities., (© 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)