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Introduction: Anthropometry is one of the important parameters for differentiation of sex which varies significantly based on hereditary, geographical, racial, sexual, and other factors. This study was done to provide baseline foot anthropometric data for Nepali medical students to improve the accuracy of stature estimations and enhance forensic and clinical applications. The aim of the study was to calculate anthropometric measurements of foot in undergraduate medical students of a medical college., Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on medical students studying at a tertiary care hospital during the period of November 6, 2022 to February 28, 2023 after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 06/2022). A total population sampling method was used. The present study was conducted to determine the mean foot index from the right and left foot, mean measurements of the left and right foot, and sex-related dimensions of the foot in Nepalese medical students. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS., Results: Out of 115 participants, the mean foot index for male and female were 38.34±2.13 and 39.33±2.22 respectively. The mean length of the right foot for males and females were 24.12±0.98 cm and 22.10±1.25 cm respectively. The mean length of the left foot for males and females was 24.20±1.06 cm and 22.07±1.24 cm respectively., Conclusions: This study provides mean values of different measurements of the right and left foot of both sexes of the age group of 18-24 years in the students of a medical college.

Introduction: Induction of labour, a medical intervention before spontaneous onset, is employed when the risk of continuing pregnancy is elevated. Common indications include intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, placental abnormalities, prelabor rupture of membranes, post-term pregnancy, and intrauterine foetal demise. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of induction of labour in a rural setting in Nepal., Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in the District Hospital Tehrathum using patients' record files from 14 January 2021 to 14 January 2023. Ethical approval was obtained from Nepal Health Research Council. Demographic variables were collected along with maternal outcomes which include indication of induction of labour, mode of delivery, indication of lower segment caesarean section and foetal outcomes include APGAR score at one and five minutes, birthweight and liquor colour. A total population sampling method was used in the study and 95% confidence Interval was used to calculate the point estimate., Results: Among 640 deliveries during the study period 118 (18.43%) (15.43- 21.43, 95% Confidence Interval) underwent induction of labour. Sixty-three (53.4%) of the 118 patients who underwent induction of labour were primigravida., Conclusions: The prevalence of induction of labour was comparable with previous studies. Neonatal outcome, rate of vaginal and lower segment C-section deliveries after induction of labour using misoprostol is comparable with other studies.

Background: Tuberculosis one of the major public health problems that is affecting large number of people each year including Nepal., Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in Sunsari district of Nepal. The patients with pulmonary tuberculosis patients from 14 DOTS centers in the District were interviewed. Face to face interview by using structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis and patients under Category II were excluded from the study.Data entry and analysis was carried out in SPSS version 16. Pearson Chi square test was used to test the association between outcome variable with different categorical independent variables., Results: Out of the total 215 patients, 91 (65.6%) were male, 109 (50.7%) were from rural residence, 69 (32.1%) were illiterate, 147 (68.4%) were married and 141 (66%) were sputum positive. The overall median patient delay was 42 days. About 145 (67.4%) of the patients had delayed their first consultation for more than 30 days. The patient delays were 56 out of 68 (82.4%) in age above 50 years patients, 121 out of 161 (75.2%) in married patients, 37 out of 45 (82.2%) in Kirats, 55 out of 69 (72.7%) in illiterates and 95 out of 124 (76.6%) in those who travel the distance of 2 or more km from the place of residence to health facility., Conclusions: Since the time duration before the treatment and diagnosis in TB patients is long, this study emphasizes the need of awareness about symptoms of tuberculosis among general population.

This study was undertaken to know the pattern of jaundice prevalent among the babies admitted at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS). A total of 293 neonates including 201 (68.6%) males and 92 (31.4%) females were admitted over a period of one year (15th June 2001 to 14th June 2002). Prematurity (30.0%), birth asphyxia (29.0%), neonatal septicemia (25.9%) and respiratory distress (23.9%) were the most common reasons for admission to the NICU. There were 42 cases of neonatal jaundice, among which babies born to primigravidae (59.5%), exceeded those born to multigravidae (40.5%). Pathological jaundice was found in 64.3% of the admitted cases of neonatal jaundice. Prematurity (33.3%) and neonatal septicemia (25.9%) were the most common causes of pathological jaundice, while prematurity with neonatal septicemia (14.8%), ABO incompatibility (11.1%), Rh incompatibility (7.4%) and prematurity, neonatal septicemia and ABO incompatibility combined (7.4%) accounted for the remaining cases of jaundice. A more detailed study related to the pathogenesis of jaundice among neonates is needed for the prevention of this disease in them.