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With over 300 extant species, the nearly worldwide‐distributed genus Frullania is one of the most species‐rich genera of leafy liverworts and the sole extant genus of Frullaniaceae. Amber fossil record of Frullania is also rather diverse, with inclusions known from several amber deposits. The earliest fossils are F. baerlocheri, F. cretacea, and F. partita from the mid‐Cretaceous Kachin amber, Myanmar. Here, we describe a new fossil species of Frullania as F. kachinensis sp. nov., based on seven sterile gametophyte fragments from three pieces of Kachin amber. This new species is characterized by leaf dorsal lobes mostly with rounded apexes, leaf ventral lobules inserted in approximately 30–90 μm distance to stem, lanceolate styli, and deeply bilobed underleaves with entire‐margined to toothed lobes and V‐shaped sinuses. Morphological comparisons indicate that F. kachinensis shows mosaic character combinations of two coeval species F. cretacea and F. partita. The leaf lobes of F. kachinensis resemble those of F. cretacea, while the underleaves are more similar to those of F. partita. But in taphonomy, F. kachinensis is preserved together with Protofrullania cornigera or F. baerlocheri in the same amber, which could indicate that these three species might live in the same habitat and even on the same tree. The fossils presented in this study provide additional evidence for the presence of a diverse liverwort flora, mostly composed of Frullaniaceae lineages in the mid‐Cretaceous Kachin amber forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Recently, President U. Thein Sein of Myanmar addressed a “second wave of reforms”. Myanmar is opening up to the outside world after decades of seclusion. It is a resource-rich country, remaining a strong attraction to capitals around the world. Now, Myanmar''s first priority is to pay close attention to social and economic development. But it is also a global biodiversity hotspot. Myanmar''s local environment, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development are encountering many threats, such as construction of large dams, large-scale gas and oil extraction, illegal wildlife trade, and deforestation. How to develop economy and at the same time suppress the environmental degradation especially preserve imperiled biodiversity will be a major challenge to Myanmar. This article attempts to answer this question according to actionable policies and measures mentioned in the context. Preparing for Myanmar''s environment-friendly reform, Myanmar should improve its own economic capabilities, make scientific policies and improve management capacity in the first place. To make the on-going reform environment-friendly and stable, Myanmar also need aid package from the international community. Infrastructure construction should consider environmental issues, and industrial policies should aim at environment-friendly direction. It is quite necessary for Myanmar to establish a ministerial level environment agency that specially deals with environment and development issues, and invest more funds to carry out and enforce their environmental policies. In addition, the establishment of a special research center, think tank, and training facility within the country can be of great help in dealing with Myanmar''s environmental issues. A series of policies and plans drafted in the early times for a system of protected areas could be revived and systematically implemented with effectiveness by means of more administrative support and enough human resources and budget allocation being provided. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The semivolatile composition of stem-bark of 10 Cinnamomum species, collected from China and Myanmar, were obtained by extraction with diethyl ether and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Identification of the substances was made by comparison of standards, mass spectra, and retention indices with literature records. Total of 74 compounds were identified. All data were statistically processed with principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Cinnamaldehyde and alpha-cubebene were found as the common constituent of the investigated population. Except Cinnamomum multiflorum, volatile terpenoids were the main constituents of all taxa. Major constituent of C. multiflorum was phenylpropanoid. Cluster subset gave the information that chemical components variation was influenced by geographical sources. Here, the first information on the semivolatile composition of six never investigated species viz. C. multiflorum, C. obtusifolium, C. inunctum, C. chartophyllum, C. pathenoxylon, and C. glanduliferum. Furthermore, those species could be alternative source of bioactive compounds.