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The primary factors in the radiation exposure received by the human population from soil and water are natural radioactivity, uranium isotopes, and thorium isotopes. High levels of nuclear radiation exposure are now one of the leading causes of cancer. Radon and its offspring in the biosphere have long been the topic of research. Various experts from all over the world have undertaken several investigations on the quantity of radon in surface and groundwater supplies. An attempt was made to measure the levels of radon in groundwater in and around Areekode using a smart radon monitor (SRM) developed by the Baba Atomic Research Centre (BARC) in Mumbai. Groundwater/Bore well water in this region had 222Rn in concentrations ranging from 0.37±0.03Bq/L to 3.53±0.10Bq/L. The environmental protection agency's allowable limit of 11.1 kBq/m3 was met by all of the samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing urbanisation, the dengue disease burden is on the rise in India, especially in large cities such as Mumbai. Current dengue surveillance in Mumbai includes municipal corporation carrying out specific activities to reduce mosquito breeding sites and the use of insecticides to suppress the adult mosquito populations. Clinical cases remain either underreported or misreported due to the restriction to government clinics, missing the large private health care sector. There is a need for an integrated approach to manage dengue outbreaks in Mumbai. There are various novel strategies available for use that can be utilised to improve disease detection, mosquito surveillance, and control of mosquito-borne diseases. These novel technologies are discussed in this manuscript. Given the complex ecosystem of mosquito-borne diseases in Mumbai, integrating data obtained from these technologies would support the ongoing mosquito control measures in Mumbai. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]