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Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare disease characterized by the formation of a fibro-inflammatory plaque in the retroperitoneal space in front of the abdominal aorta. It is responsible for the sheathing of the ureters. It is characterized by unspecific clinical signs, and it is often detected based on obstructive uropathy. We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study in the Department of Urology B and in the Department of Nephrology of the Ibn Sina University Hospital over a period of 10 years from January 2006 to December 2016. The study enrolled 18 patients, including 11 men and 7 women, with an average age of 51.4 years ± 11.2. Diagnosis was based on lumbar pain in 14 patients. Obstructive renal failure was reported in 15 patients and the diagnosis of RPF was based on uroscanner. Etiological assessment revealed 2 cases with a history of neoplasia, 2 cases of inflammatory disease and 1 case of retroperitoneal surgery; chronic drug intake was noted in more than half of the patients. In all patients, treatment was based on double J stent placement, while systemic treatment with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants was used on the basis of the evolutionary profile. Ureterolysis was immediately performed in 3 patients. Outcome was favorable, with significant improvement in renal function in 12 patients. A relapse occurred in 2 patients after 2 years of follow-up. Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) should be suspected in patients with general signs associated with obstructive renal disease. Secondary causes should be systematically investigated, with particular emphasis on hyper IgG4 disease and neoplastic diseases., Competing Interests: Les auteurs ne déclarent aucun conflit d´intérêts., (Copyright: Abdoulazizi Bilgo et al.)