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Parasitic infection is one of the many challenges facing livestock production globally. Cysticercosis tenuicollis is a common parasitic disease in domestic and wild ruminants (intermediate host) caused by the larval stage of Taenia hydatigena that primarily infects dogs (definitive host). Although genetic studies on this parasite exist, only a few describe the genetic variation of this parasite in Mongolia. Our aim was thus, to identify the mitochondrial differences in ovine isolates of Cysticercus tenuicollis entering China from Mongolia and comparison with existing Chinese isolates from sheep and goats based on the recently described PCR–RFLP method and mitochondrial genes of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (nad4) and the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5). Sixty-nine isolates were collected during routine veterinary meat inspections from sheep that originated from Mongolia, at the modern slaughterhouses in Erenhot City, Inner Mongolia. Additional 114 cysticerci were also retrieved from sheep and goats from northern (Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Gansu Province), western (Tibet Autonomous Region), and southern (Jiangxi Province and Guangxi Province) China. The PCR–RFLP approach of the nad5 showed nine mitochondrial subclusters A1, A2, A3, A5, A8, A9, A10, A11, and B of T. hydatigena isolates from sheep and goats from Mongolia and China. Meanwhile, haplogroup A1 RFLP profile was more widespread than other variants. These data supplements existing information on the molecular epidemiology of T. hydatigena in China and Mongolia and demonstrate the occurrence of similar genetic population structures in both countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to detect the fluoride level in the drinking water and the urine of habitants aged 16–55 years living in Inner Mongolia China. Furthermore, fluoride concentration of the brick tea infusion samples which were drunk by Mongolia herdsmen in everyday life living in SumuErga village of Ejin Horo Banner, Inner Mongolia China was also determined. A total of 117 participants (61 female and 56 male) were recruited from two counties for a cross-sectional study on health effects of chronic fluoride exposure from drinking water and drinking brick tea infusion. The fluoride concentration in drinking water, urine and brick tea infusion samples were determined using fluoride ion selective electrode method obtained from the Ministry of Health of the People''s Republic of China. The average fluoride concentration in drinking water samples was 0.32±0.01mg/L at AretengXire town of Ejin Horo Banner, 0.70±0.19mg/L at SumuErga village of Ejin Horo Banner, and 2.68±1.15mg/L at ZhalaiNuoer district of Manzhouli city. The average fluoride concentration in brick tea infusion samples which collected from Mongolia herdsmen at SumuErga village of Ejin Horo Banner was 1.81±1.09mg/L. The average urinary fluoride concentration at AretengXire town of Ejin Horo Banner was 0.59±0.48mg/L, at SumuErga village of Ejin Horo Banner was 1.45±0.93mg/L and at ZhalaiNuoer district of Manzhouli city was 3.06±1.53mg/L. The higher fluoride levels in the urine of participants may be associated to higher fluoride in drinking water at ZhalaiNuoer of Manzhouli city. However, drinking brick tea infusions with higher fluoride may be the cause of the higher fluoride contents in the Mongolia herdsmen''s urine. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]