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The aging process involves numerous changes, on a physical, social and family level, which requires the presence of necessary adaptive strategies for maintaining a healthy emotional level and an optimum well-being. Numerous theories have focused on the relation between the coping strategies and psychological well-being on elderly people, which can be the key for successful aging. The coping mechanisms appear in the context of change and perceived as stressful, while the elderly must tolerate or adjust their approach of these new situations, in order to maintain their emotional balance and well-being. The issue occurs when the changes are plenty, in a brief time period, and the individual is having the feeling of lack of control regarding his own life. This perception can determine low self-esteem, anxiety or depression. The third age being often characterized by successive changes on the social, family and medical status. Possible stressors at the third age that require coping may be acute, such as loss of a spouse, or are of longer duration, such as chronic pain or illness, long-lasting financial problems, ageism. Coping strategies involves effort and energy greater than the daily routine. A prolonged mobilization of resources can cause psychological and physical breakdowns. Older people's experiences are influenced by a combination of factors, such as gender, old age stages, religion, health, illness, location, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity. The research regarding the connection between psychological well-being and coping mechanisms can represent a base for future development of psychological interventions in the elderly population.

The issue of the role of the European Court of Human Rights in the formation of the procedures of criminal prosecution in Moldova is critically important for understanding the efficiency of the national justice system and determining strategies for its further improvement. The influence of the ECHR on criminal procedures directly influences the guarantee of human rights and the fairness of legal proceedings. The article aims to analyse the influence of the decisions of the ECHR on criminal justice in Moldova. Statistical methods of percentage ratios were used to evaluate crime dynamics, and characteristics of Moldova's legal system were formed based on the comparative analysis. The results found that complying with the European Convention on Human Rights will reduce crimes and increase trust in the legal system. The stable dynamics of crime reduction for 7% annually is observed based on statistical analysis. Recommendations of the ECHR and directions for improving criminal justice in Moldova were formed. The study results indicate the high efficiency of the changes made in national judicial practice. The perspective area is a study of the long-term influence of the decisions of the ECHR on the formation of legal norms and procedures in the criminal justice of Moldova. Special attention should be given to analysing the methods of integrating European standards into the Moldovan legal system with consideration of local peculiarities and needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study was designed to assess the incidence of child emotional and physical abuse, associated risk factors and psychosocial symptoms in a cross-cultural comparison between post-communist bloc countries. Method: One-thousand one-hundred forty-five children ages 10-14 from Latvia (N=297), Lithuania (N=300), Macedonia (N=302), and Moldova (N=246) participated in the study. They completed questionnaires assessing their experience of emotional or physical abuse, and provided information about family risk-factors and psychosocial symptoms, including PTSD-related symptoms. Results: Incidence rates of maltreatment differed by country, as did levels of reported psychosocial symptoms. Incidence of emotional and physical abuse differed by region, with higher levels of abuse reported in the rural regions. In all four countries, a similar association between emotional/physical abuse and psychosocial symptoms was found, with the uniformly largest correlation between emotional abuse and anger. When examining the combined scores of emotional and physical abuse, even higher correlations were found, particularly in relation to anger and depression. In all four countries, parental overuse of alcohol was associated with emotional and/or physical abuse. Conclusions: Findings show differences by country in child-reported levels of emotional and physical abuse, but similar patterns of correlation with psychosocial symptoms and the risk factors of parental alcohol overuse and living in a rural area.

In this paper we studied and characterized four wines from the grape varieties Busuioaca de Bohotin, Feteasca neagră, Muscat Ottonel, Pinot gris, harvests of 2016, 2017, 2018, coming from the: Bohotin, Cotești, Cotnari, Huși and Iasi vineyards. The GC-MS methods were utilized to identifing and quantifing the volatile compounds of thies wines. The results obtained being grouped into three categories, namely: higher alcohols, volatile acids and esters. It was found that the higher alcohols have minimum values between 195.07 mg / L and maximum values of 257.2 mg / L in Huși and Bohotin for Feteascea black wine, the volatile acids do not exceed 17.92 mg / L in Cotnari in Muscat wine Ottonel and the esters reach values of 204.78 mg / L at the Cotești vineyard in the case of Fetească neagră wine. From the results obtained we distinguish the Feteasca neagră wine with the optimal ratio between the three monitored indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Republic of Moldova, pork is the most important type of meat, accounting for about half of the total meat production, pig breeding being the sector with the largest share in animal husbandry. For consumers, consumption of pork is a tradition and accounts for about 50% of the annual meat consumption. After 1989, the total number of pigs, as they diminished permanently. Only in recent years has it started to feel a slight increase. During the period 2011-2016 the number decreased by 25.3 thousand heads. This indicator on the number of pigs registered in agricultural holdings weighing on livestock is slightly increasing by about 46 thousand heads. This trend is due to foreign investment in meat processing units across the country. The elaboration of this study used the monographic method, the grouping method, the situation analysis and forecasting method. As a result of the papers, it was determined that most of the cattle population is registered in territorial units, most of them being in the districts around Chisinau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the current stage, in electrical distribution systems from Republic of Moldova, take place a significant number of unplanned disconnections, which considerably reduce quality and continuity of the distribution process and power supply. Knowing the evolution of these disconnection for long periods, offers the possibility to elaborate a credible prognosis, which helps to establish solutions to ensure the reliability of these systems. In this work, is presented a study regarding evolution of unplanned disconnections from electrical republican distribution systems and the results of this study allow developing the insurance mechanism of the reliability indicators and quality of power supply, forRepublic of Moldova. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increased burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and the likelihood of premature death in rural Moldova caused the Ministry of Health, Labour and Social Protection (MHLSP) to explore new directions in PHC service provision. Supported by Swiss Development Cooperation (SDC), the MHLSP developed and tested an integrated people centred health services (IPCHS) models in 38 communities from three raions since 2019. The Healthy Life Project used a continuous quality improvement (CQI) approach to facilitate conceptualisation and implementation of targeted multi-sectoral intervention involving key stakeholders at local level, to address people's health and social needs. This included an extensive capacity-building component for health and social care workers, other sectors and Local Public Authorities (LPAs). The project aims at to reduce the burden of NCDs in rural Moldova. A district and community intervention is combined with health promotion and health education with positive effects on patients' health and wellbeing. The project worked with PHC centres, social workers and their reference structures, LPAs and Public Health Commissions, with NGOs, formal and informal carers, volunteers. It targets the patients with NCDs, including elderly, living in rural communities. Development of the project started in 2018 and pilot raions were supported with two half year funding cycles (small grant schemes) in 2019 and 2020. A total of 32 health offices and 6 integrated community centres where supported to facilitate integrated care, based on capacity building of PHC teams (PEN protocols, peer groups, community nursing), 48 community multidisciplinary teams (Case Management) and LPAs (coordination role). Policy work improved intersectorial collaboration and development of decentralised approaches. More than 2000 NCD patients were reached leading to more than 1300 integrated assessments and intervention for 400 NCD patients with complex needs. This has benefited from consistent support of the MHLSP. Capacity building at all levels and policy work increases the chances for sustainability. Continuous funding for medico-social services beyond using existing resources and the potential cost-saving effects of preventive approaches may be an issue in the future. Nationwide dissemination of IPCHS is envisaged in Moldova. However, substantial capacity building efforts will be needed. The project will support this development for the next few years. IPCHS has great potential to reach people with complex needs in rural areas. Results from practice shows substantial amount of uncovered needs and that long-term case-management for NCD patients is relatively new. Evidence from implementation was used for policy development. The motivated local teams are essential to lead innovations, to improve and better target the needs of NCD patients. Although the presented work is not based in a proper research setting, the many small studies (needs assessments) and accompanying qualitative research show the positive effects of community integrated services on remote living NCD patients and their caretakers. Setting up ICPHS at raion and community levels is a complex undertaking. A variety of entry points have to be used to address the full complexity of people's needs. Regional and local leadership structures are needed to create a decentralised approach, closer to the people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article includes concepts, information, methodologies of spatial planning focused on the Danube carried out within the European projects "Donauregionen" and "Donauregionen+", financed by the European Union through the South East Europe Transnational Cooperation Programme. The article proposes solutions for solving problems related to the opportunities offered by the Danube as an important corridor to support the economic growth and competitiveness of functional regions in the Danube area. The current situation in the Danube River riparian land-use planning policies involves (a) creating the spatial concept of the Danube area interregional level, b) developing integrated strategies to develop sectoral strategies embodied in the Danube area, the Transdanube strategy and development strategies for the Danube region as a whole. In this general scheme, indicators have been proposed, designed on four main areas (natural conditions, housing and human resources, technical infrastructure and transport, and economy). Based on the analyses conducted in the project, five Danube sub-regions and 19 Transdanube regions were established. Using the forecasting methodology proposed in the "Donauregionen+" project, three types of scenarios were developed for each sub-region: pessimistic, realistic and optimistic. All these scenarios have resulted in GIS cartograms, based on groups of territorial indicators that highlight the socio-economic development capacity of the Danube sub-regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past several decades, local capacity development (LCD) has played a central role in helping countries move towards democratization. Despite its recognition in the field of social development, LCD approaches to promoting change have been heavily criticized for their ineffectiveness in promoting sustainable change for local communities. Based on field notes, the paper addresses challenges in promoting local capacity development, and proposes a new approach to civil-society organizations (CSOs)' local capacity development within the Moldavian context that will strengthen democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although democracy has not yet been fully established in the Republic of Moldova and politics remains unstable, over the last two decades this state has become one of the most pluralistic in the former Soviet Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is an attempt to identify main challenges of the EU and of EU's eastern neighbours generated by EU's enlargement in 2007, that resulted in the shift of frontiers eastwards. The paper finds that the present EU eastern frontier is placed in an area where countries in between are subject to influences and centripetal forces coming from both east and west. The focus in this article is on Moldova and Ukraine - which represents the 'southern flank' of the 'tectonic plate' that separates EU from Russia. The first three parts of the article discuss the parallel evolutions of Russia and EU in the last twenty years, the development of the relationship between them and the impact of EU on Moldova and Ukraine, underlying some elements of Russia's impact as well. The fourth part is dedicated to the identification and discussion of the challenges EU, Moldova and Ukraine are faced with as a result of the evolutions generated by the 2007 enlargement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several peculiarities make Iaşi an outstanding city: it is a first-rank city in the national settlement system and the capital of the historical province of Moldova, numbers over 300,000 inhabitants and holds the 2nd position in the national urban hierarchy by demographic size, and a national growth pole since 2008 (Government Decision 998/2008). In view of the above, Iaşi has a significant demographic potential, also discharging complex functions and polarizing a large influence area, being one of the pillars of urban development in Romania. The aim of this paper is to outline the urban development strategy in the light of demographic structures and evolution. The demography today in the peri-urban space shows two characteristic features, namely the urban-rural migration, on the one hand, and the dominant agricultural functionality, on the other hand, as mirrored by the structure of employment. The development-related factors are the positive natural demographic balance, low level of population ageing and supply of a large workforce, a potential well-balanced local labour market. Concluding, the provision of Iasi integrated urban and peri-urban strategy are pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the conservation status for 80 protected or rare invertebrate species located on the border area Romania - Republic of Moldova. We present also the situations of the protection of some important habitats were these rare species can be found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The producers of essential oils from the Republic of Moldova care about the quality of their products and at the same time, try to capitalize on the waste from processing. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the chemical composition of lavender (Lavanda angustifolia L.) essential oil and some by-products derived from its production (residual water, residual herbs), as well as to assess their "in vitro" antimicrobial activity. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of essential oils produced by seven industrial manufacturers led to the identification of 41 constituents that meant 96.80–99.79% of the total. The main constituents are monoterpenes (84.08–92.55%), followed by sesquiterpenes (3.30–13.45%), and some aliphatic compounds (1.42–3.90%). The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis allowed the quantification of known triterpenes, ursolic, and oleanolic acids, in freshly dried lavender plants and in the residual by-products after hydrodistillation of the essential oil. The lavender essential oil showed good antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Xanthomonas campestris, Erwinia carotovora at 300 μg/mL concentration, and Erwinia amylovora, Candida utilis at 150 μg/mL concentration, respectively. Lavender plant material but also the residual water and ethanolic extracts from the solid waste residue showed high antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium chrysogenum, Bacillus sp., and Pseudomonas aeroginosa strains, at 0.75–6.0 μg/mL, 0.08–0.125 μg/mL, and 0.05–4.0 μg/mL, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mineral contents of roots, leaves, stalks, and inflorescences of the aromatic plant species Anethum graveolens L., Coriandrum sativum L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch, and Salvia sclarea L. were studied by means of neutron activation analysis. The contents of 36 major and trace elements were determined and biological transfer coefficients were calculated. Among major and minor elements, K with a content in the range of 9230–59,600 mg/kg and Fe in the range of 69–3420 mg/kg were the most abundant elements in the studied plants. The content of the toxicant As ranged between 0.14–0.79 mg/kg; however, in the leaves (1.3 mg/kg) and inflorescences (1.0 mg/kg) of L. angustifolia there was found to be about 1 mg/kg, equal to the guideline maximal level recommended for food by the WHO. By comparing the data to Markert's Reference Plant, "chemical fingerprints" were identified for each species. High contents of the elements Al, Hf, Se, Sc, Na, Ta, Th were determined in all studied plants. Collocated soil samples from the cultivation field were analyzed to calculate the biological accumulation coefficients for 35 of the elements determined in the plants. Considering the levels of chemical elements, the medicinal herb samples investigated are considered as relatively safe for human consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Respondents are frequent users of herbs for treatment of common cold and flu. • There are different patterns of medicinal plants´ use amongst the respondents. • Medicinal plants have been considered effective in monotherapy. • They are effective also in combination with non-prescription medicines. • This is the first study in the field in Moldova and Romania. Central and Eastern European countries Romania and Moldova are rich in botanical and medicinal traditions. However, limited information is available about ethnobiological studies including use of medicinal plants in self-medication of minor illnesses. The aim of this study was to collect contemporary evidence about treatment options of the common cold and influenza with medicinal plants among pharmacy customers of two neighbouring countries: Romania and Republic of Moldova, including the self-proclaimed region Transnistria. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in community pharmacies of Romania, Moldova and Transnistria in 2017. The pharmacy customers enrolled in the study completed a survey instrument evaluating perceived characteristics and action taken in case of common cold or influenza symptoms. A considerable proportion of the respondents used self-treatment options based on OTC medicines and/or medicinal plants. Survey respondents used professional (general practitioner, pharmacist) and non-professional (family and friends) information sources to learn more about medicinal plants. Medicinal plants were frequently used and considered effective in the treatment of the common cold and influenza. However, there are different use patterns of medicinal plants against the common cold and influenza among patients in Romania and Moldova. More common medicinal plants used in all three regions were lemon, raspberry and garlic, which were considered effective in monotherapy or in combination with non-prescription medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]