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Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionida) are an ecologically important faunal group. Excessive sediments, both in suspended and deposited formats, are believed to have negative effects on survival of freshwater mussels. However, there is a lack of quantitative tools for assessing the impact of abrupt and excessive sedimentation on freshwater mussel habitats. This gap in knowledge poses challenges for construction planning that necessitates evaluating sedimentation effects on mussels. In this paper, we present a simple Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) model designed to investigate the downstream distances from the sediment release point where mussels may face risks of sediment exposure and burial during episodic sedimentation events. We validated the model in predicting the deposition of sands ranging from 125 to 625 μ m in diameter within an open channel. Subsequently, we applied the LPT model to a representative stretch of mussel habitats in the lower Osage River, Missouri, USA. Implementing the LPT model using computational fluid dynamics analysis of river hydrodynamics, we investigated the downstream distances impacted by a hypothetical sedimentation event. The results indicate that the mussels within tens and hundreds of meters may be at risk of burial under low and high flow conditions, respectively. Mussels within hundreds and potentially thousands of meters may be at risks of sediment exposure under low and high flow conditions, respectively. The impacted distance is highly dependent on the sediment diameters and flow conditions. These results contribute valuable insights into the potential impacts of sedimentation on freshwater mussel habitats, aiding in informed decision-making for construction projects near these critical aquatic ecosystems. • A Lagrangian particle tracking model is developed to study sediment impact on mussels. • The location of sediment-streambed is modeled to inform sediment exposure risk to mussels. • The location of sediment deposition is modeled to inform risk of mussel burials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Electric scooter (e-scooter) rental usage has increased exponentially around the country, expanding to more than 120 cities by the end of 2018. Early attempts to capture the safety effects of widespread adoption of this technology have been hampered by lack of accurate ridership data. Here we describe a 17-month evolution of ridership characteristics in St. Louis, Missouri, and the frequency of e-scooter rental-related injuries serious enough to require an emergency department (ED) visit over this time frame; we also provide estimates of incidence rates of injuries based on company ridership data. Methods: We performed a combination retrospective chart review and prospective questionnaire-based analysis of adult e-scooter rental-related ED visits in both downtown St. Louis Level 1 trauma centers during the first 17 months of e-scooter rental usage (August 2018-December 2019). The retrospective portion focused on demographics, alcohol use, helmet use, disposition, operative repair, and temporal and severity markers. The prospective portion focused on more detailed crash and rider data. Finally, we used ridership data from both e-scooter rental companies in St. Louis to estimate incidence and temporal trends. Results: A total of 221 patients had e-scooter rental-related ED visits. The median age of our population was 31 years with 58.8% male and 53.8% White. There were no deaths. Ninety-two patients were found to have fractures with 38% requiring surgery. Of the 21 patients diagnosed with head injury, five had an intracranial bleed. Overall incidence of ED visits related to e-scooters was 2.1 per 10,000 trips and 2.2 per 10,000 miles with the number of ED visits by month closely correlated with the number of rides per month (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.95). Conclusion: The number of e-scooter rental-related injuries seen in St. Louis trauma centers was relatively low and correlated closely with overall number of rides. The number of injuries decreased and were less severe from 2018 to 2019 with infrequent intracranial injuries and a large percentage of fractures requiring operative repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes is a serious public health problem affecting 37.3 million Americans. Diabetes shared medical appointments (SMAs) are an effective strategy for providing diabetes self-management support and education in primary care. However, practices delivering SMAs experience implementation challenges. This analysis examined conditions associated with successful practice implementation of diabetes SMAs in the context of participation in a pragmatic trial. Methods: Mixed methods study using qualitative and quantitative data collected from interviews, observations, surveys, and practice-reported data, guided by the practical, robust implementation and sustainability model (PRISM). Data were analyzed using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). Successful implementation was defined as meeting patient recruitment targets (Reach) during the study period. Participants were clinicians and staff members from 22 primary care practices in Colorado and Missouri, USA. Results: The first necessary condition identified from the QCA was the presence of additional resources for patients with diabetes in the practice. Within practices that had these additional resources, we found that a sufficiency condition was the presence of an effective key person to make things happen with the SMAs. A second QCA was conducted to determine conditions underlying the presence of the effective key person (often performing functions of an implementation champion), which revealed factors including low or managed employee turnover, a strong baseline practice culture, and previous experience delivering SMAs. Conclusions: Identification of key factors necessary and sufficient for implementation of new care processes is important to enhance patient access to evidence-based interventions. This study suggests that practice features and resources have important implications for implementation of diabetes SMAs. There may be opportunities to support practices with SMA implementation by enabling the presence of skilled implementation champions. Trial registration: Registered at clinicaltrials.gov under trial ID NCT03590041, registered on July 18, 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the post-graduation employment location preferences of international students preparing to participate in the Optional Practical Training (OPT) program in the United States. An exploratory survey asked international students in their final semesters at three midwestern public universities to indicate their employment location preferences via an online text- and map-based questionnaire. Two main questions guided the research: 1) Do international students hold employment location preferences before graduation? and 2) Where in the United States do international students applying for OPT prefer to work? Results indicated the affirmative and that preference geographies extend well beyond the state in which the students earned their degrees. In applying for OPT, participants in this study signaled their intent to remain incountry. As such, the scale of analysis shifts from traditional country-to-country migration flows of international students to the internal movements within the host country in anticipation of post-graduation employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Studies of the connection between methamphetamine use and sex have tended to focus on gay men or men who have sex with men. Drawing from semi-structured interviews with 40 cisgender heterosexual women who used methamphetamine in rural Missouri, we investigate the multiple ways in which sex played into their market navigations. Our findings reveal the nuances of sexual agency within patriarchal structural constraints. We use and expand upon a queer criminological framework to investigate the intersecting gendered and sexualized expectations that cisgender heterosexual men imposed on women. Our study reveals how compulsory heterosexuality shapes behavior within the rural methamphetamine market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus (P) can be recovered from wastewater and used as an alternative fertilizer, namely, struvite [MgNH4PO4·6(H2O)]. However, the soil mobility of wastewater‐derived P and other nutrients needs to be evaluated. The objective of this study was to compare the vertical distribution of water‐soluble (WS) soil P and other nutrients from a synthetic‐wastewater‐derived electrochemically precipitated struvite (ECST) to that from a chemically precipitated struvite (CPST), triple superphosphate (TSP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and a control in six soils from Arkansas (AR; loam [L] and silt loam [SiL]), Missouri (MO; SiL 1 and SiL 2), and Nebraska (NE; sandy loam [SL] and SiL). A column‐leaching experiment was conducted with the six soils and five fertilizer‐P treatments. Water‐soluble (WS) P from the two struvite materials generally did not differ (p > 0.05) and was similar to that of MAP in the depths of 0–3, 3–6, and 6–10 cm, but was greater than that of TSP in the top 6 cm in four of the six soils. WS P from CPST in the MO‐SiL 2 and NE‐SL soils (6.6 and 12.7 mg kg−1, respectively) was larger than that from ECST, MAP, and TSP. In the AR‐L and MO‐SiL 1 soils, TSP was the only fertilizer‐P source that had increased WS P concentrations in the top 6 cm relative to the other fertilizer‐P sources. Results showed that ECST‐derived, WS P had similar soil profile distributions in the top 10 cm, suggesting that ECST will be equally protective of environmental health and leachate quality across multiple soil textures as other common fertilizer‐P sources. Core Ideas: Soil P from electrochemically precipitated struvite is not more mobile than that from other P fertilizers.Near‐surface soil pH and nutrient distributions are similar between struvite and other P fertilizers.Struvite appears to behave similar to other common fertilizer‐P sources across multiple soil textures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restoring native grassland vegetation can substantially improve ecosystem service outcomes from agricultural watersheds, but profitable pathways are needed to incentivize conversion from conventional crops. Given growing demand for renewable energy, using grassy biomass to produce biofuels provides a potential solution. We assessed the techno‐economic feasibility and life cycle outcomes of a "grass‐to‐gas" pathway that includes harvesting grassy (lignocellulosic) biomass for renewable natural gas (RNG) production through anaerobic digestion (AD), expanding on previous research that quantified ecosystem service and landowner financial outcomes of simulated grassland restoration in the Grand River Basin of Iowa and Missouri, United States. We found that the amount of RNG produced through AD of grassy biomass ranged 0.12–45.04 million gigajoules (GJ), and the net present value (NPV) of the RNG ranged −$97 to $422 million, depending on the combination of land use, productivity, and environmental credit scenarios. Positive NPVs are achieved with environmental credits for replacement of synthetic agricultural inputs with digestate and clean fuel production (e.g., USEPA D3 Renewable Identification Number, California Low Carbon Fuel Standard). Producing RNG from grassy biomass emits 15.1 g CO2‐eq/MJ, which compares favorably to the fossil natural gas value of 61.1 g CO2‐eq/MJ and exceeds the US Environmental Protection Agency's requirement for cellulosic biofuel. Overall, this study demonstrates opportunities and limitations to using grassy biomass from restored grasslands for sustainable RNG production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines a life-cycle cost analysis comparing a green (rain gardens) and gray (tunnels) infrastructure combination to a gray-only option to control combined sewer overflow in the Turkey Creek Combined Sewer Overflow Basin in Kansas City, MO. The area of this basin is 2,248 ha (5,554 acres). A set of spreadsheets was developed upon which this life-cycle cost analysis is based. The spreadsheets allow the user to vary the length and/or the diameter of the tunnels. The spreadsheets calculate the additional number of rain gardens needed to handle a given amount of stormwater when the tunnel sizes are reduced. The difference in life-cycle costs between the green/gray and gray-only alternatives is calculated. For a range of options for the number of rain gardens, the green/gray combined alternative is more cost-effective than the gray-only option. The potential present worth of the cost savings for the 50-year expected lifespan of both the gray and green infrastructure could reach as much as $35 million for the Turkey Creek Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to describe coping practices used by older women during preclinical disability. This paper was derived from qualitative data gathered during a larger multimethod longitudinal study. Twelve women (60 to 80 years of age) participated in baseline functional performance measures and then repeated in-depth interviews and participant observations over 18 months. A hermeneutic approach was used to interpret the in-depth interviews, participant observations, and field notes using three interrelated processes of thematic, exemplar, and identification of paradigm cases to identify coping practices. Women coped with functional decline, such as difficulty getting up from the floor, in many different ways. Coping practices were grouped into five themes: resist, adapt, substitute, endure, and eliminate. These findings suggest that nurses need to realize outward appearances may mask the level of effort required for older women to complete daily activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Association of Psychologists in Academic Health Centers (APAHC) offers programming at the annual American Psychological Association (APA) conventions as well as periodic APAHC conferences. Participants from academic health centers across the country convened in St. Louis, Missouri, October 15-17, 2009, for the 4th National Conference of the Association of Psychologists in Academic Health Centers (APAHC). The title of the conference was ''Psychologists in Academic Health Centers: Facing Tomorrow's Challenges to AHC Programs and Careers.'' Efforts were made to include topics relevant to academic health center (AHC) practice including the unique challenges of working in AHCs and issues pertinent to the different stages of AHC careers. To facilitate networking, opportunities for discussion among conferees and presenters with shared interests and concerns were provided throughout the conference. This paper introduces the special section of JCPMS dedicated to the conference and provides a brief overview of its development and organization. Articles selected for inclusion represent a sampling of the four conference themes: (1) challenges to AHC programs, (2) staying current in critical clinical areas, (3) professional issues and challenges, and (4) challenges to developing careers. Post-conference evaluation data are presented as evidence of the need for further conferences with similar foci. The programming offered by APAHC at the APA convention in San Diego in 2010 built on the themes offered at the 2009 APAHC conference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The APA Ethical Code struggles to offer guidance in the rapidly changing field of clinical health psychology. Professional challenges anticipated in the next decade are described, and their implications for ethical practice examined. This paper is based in part on a presentation at the 2009 Conference at the Association of Psychologists in Academic Health Centers held in St. Louis, Missouri. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines whether a severe flood causes homeowners to update their assessment of flood risk as seen in a change in the price of floodplain property. I use data on all single-family, residential property sales in St. Louis County, Missouri, between 1979 and 2006 in a repeat-sales model and a property fixed-effects model. After the 1993 flood on the Missouri and Mississippi rivers, property prices in 100-year floodplains did not change significantly, but prices in 500-year flood-plains declined by between 2% and 5%. All property prices in municipalities located on the rivers fell post flood by 6% to 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Missouri University of Science and Technology (formerly, the University of Missouri-Rolla) began a Bachelor of Science degree program in architectural engineering in the fall of 2002. The 4-year academic program’s curriculum at Missouri S&T requires the students to complete 128 semester credit hours during a period of eight semesters, with options for technical electives in one of four focus areas: structural engineering, construction engineering and project management, environmental systems for buildings, and construction materials. This paper presents the architectural engineering curriculum at Missouri S&T. It discusses the objectives of the curriculum, the constraints upon its structure, along with challenges that faced the establishment of an architectural engineering program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Educational Innovation Incubator is an electronic classroom designed to evolve at the University of Central Missouri. This newly enacted endeavor is a place for faculty and students to combine the scholarship of teaching and learning into their courses by experimenting with the latest technologies in education. This paper describes the process that was used for this development and what current form has taken shape. An incubator is a place where new ideas are encouraged, developed, and allowed to flourish. Incubators are seen as cutting edge and experimental, yet safe havens to eliminate the fear of failure. Often times this becomes a technology rich environment, ideal for brainstorming, exploring innovative technologies, and in turn provides participants with necessary support and resources. Many shapes and sizes have been built throughout education and industry. Higher education institutions may make use of incubators in order to encourage the scholarship of teaching and learning. The University of Central Missouri recently developed a new incubator, an electronic classroom available to interested faculty. The structure and the framework for incubating ideas have been created so that faculty can utilize these resources. This paper will provide the details on the process and development for others who may want to follow or build upon what has now been done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the ethical issues involved when researchers attempt to study participants who are personally close to them. It describes a case in which two researchers decided to study the experiences respectively of their son and grandson, both with ADD. They had barely initiated the study when ethical concerns led them to abandon the project. The authors relate the specific issues raised in the case to general issues of ethics in action research, such as anonymity, informed consent, collaboration, and the tension between the personal and professional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using evidence from early twentieth century St. Louis as an illustrative case, this paper examines the impact of restrictive immigration policies on organizational activity by and for foreign- born persons. A wide array of ethnic churches, nationalist societies, singing clubs and foreign language newspapers flourished in the city during the first decades of the 1900s. The particularities of St. Louis politics aided the longevity of such groups. Despite radical policy change, however, the persistence of these organizations helped preserve many distinctive characteristics of immigrant groups and fostered their ability to act collectively in the political sphere. The historical interpretation presented suggests that citizenship practices giving priority to liberalization of voting may not he the most obvious or effective strategy for immigrant political empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A typical industrial steel structure located near Kansas City, Missouri, is reviewed for structural integrity. The structure provides support to heavy production equipment and is in the last stage of construction. The review finds this facility structurally unsound because of excessive lateral displacements. It is in danger of collapsing under the combined effect of dead load, heavy load, and peak wind load. Although it appears more economical to rebuild the structure, for political reasons the manufacturer rules out the rebuild option. As a result, an extensive retrofit effort is conducted to the structure immediately following the review. This paper discusses some of the review findings and the challenges they pose for the retrofit effort. It describes the strategy used to address or circumvent some of the difficulties. The behaviors of the structure before and after the retrofit are compared to illustrate the basic concept and the effectiveness of the retrofit effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper documents the impact of the 1996 federal welfare legislation on rural families in Missouri. We analyze primary data obtained from interviews with 162 single-mother families with children residing in six rural counties in Missouri who are either former or current welfare recipients. This information was substantiated by focus group interviews with current or former welfare recipients conducted between 1998 and 2000. The results provide useful insights into the impacts of welfare reform on families in rural America. Welfare recipients in rural areas have higher levels of education and job experience than the general welfare population in the nation, but they live in areas with fewer job opportunities and very poor public transportation. Those who are employed are making an average of $5.50 per hour and continue to live in poverty. With the economy slowing down across the nation, rural welfare recipients are beginning to increase again, after several years of decline. For rural women to exit welfare, improvement in a variety of work support programs including wages, EITC, Food Stamps, childcare, and transportation will have to be made. In addition, opportunities for postsecondary education must be available for low-income women who want to pursue their education beyond high school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three bridges in Boone County, Missouri—Brown School Road, Coats Lane, and Creasy Springs Bridges—were selected for strengthening with carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer laminates in both shear and flexure. The objective of the rehabilitation program was to remove the 15-ton load posting that had been imposed on each of the bridges. To verify the results of the upgrade, load tests were performed before and after strengthening on two of the bridges—Brown School Road and Coats Lane Bridges. This paper presents the procedures followed in the design, installation, and load testing of the bridges. A recommendation regarding the removal of the load posting is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the inaugural conference of the Emmet and Martha Doerr Center for Social Justice Education and Research held at the Saint Louis University in Missouri in April 1998. The symposium, titled Raising Children Out of Poverty, reflects the center's commitment to enlightening the discourse surrounding complex social issues. The papers presented at the conference reverberate the desire to promote socially responsible policy and practice methods, in conjunction with research and community empowerment models emphasizing the values of social work.

Highlights the annual Clinical Dermatology meeting at the Kansas City, Missouri in 1981. Attendees of the meeting; Highlights of the meeting; Attendees of the meeting.

Purpose Study rooms are recognized as a popular feature in academic libraries. The purpose of this paper is to understand how students use the study rooms at the library of the University of Central Missouri.Design/methodology/approach A short survey was given to students who checked out study rooms keys. Students were asked how they used the rooms and what technology they used in the rooms. In total, 341 valid surveys were returned for analysis.Findings Students used the rooms mainly for academic reasons. In total, 73 percent of respondents frequently studied alone in the rooms while 56 percent frequently studied in groups. Use of the technology in the rooms, other than the computers (89 percent) was limited.Research limitations/implications Due to the voluntary nature of the surveys, results may not be applicable to all study room users. The researchers were particularly interested in the international students but demographic data from the survey indicated that the number of responses from this group may not be representative of the number that are actually using the rooms.Practical implications Students indicated they rarely used peripheral equipment, i.e. webcams and microphones, and the library removed them from the rooms and made them available at the circulation desk.Originality/value The authors found little research specific to the use of study rooms although available research of library space in general indicated study rooms are highly valued. The findings of this survey suggest that students may be more interested in individual/private spaces for academic work than “group” study rooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The paper examines the role of community-based participatory research (CBPR) within the context of social justice literature and practice. Methods: Two CBPR case studies addressing health inequities related to Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease were selected from a national cross-site study assessing effective academic-community research partnerships. One CBPR partnership works with African Americans in rural Pemiscot County, Missouri and the other CBPR partnership works with African American and Latinos in urban South Bronx, New York City. Data collection included semi-structured key informant interviews and focus groups. Analysis focused on partnerships' context/ history and their use of multiple justice-oriented strategies to achieve systemic and policy changes in order to address social determinants of health in their communities. Results: Community context and history shaped each partnership's strategies to address social determinants. Four social justice approaches (identity/recognition, procedural, distributive, and structural justice) used by both partnerships were identified. These social justice approaches were employed to address underlying causes of inequitable distribution of resources and power structures, while remaining within a scientific research framework. Conclusion: CBPR can bridge the role of science with civic engagement and political participation, empowering community members to become political agents who integrate evidence into their social justice organizing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racism is endemic, yet racism is often thought to be a topic for debate. It is not. In this paper, I have assembled a range of several interesting or provocative ideas related to understanding the historical legacy of racism and inequality, as well as some potential solutions or actions to mitigate the effects of racism in today's society. These ideas are not exhaustive, but they provide a starting point for teachers making an effort to turn the moments we've seen in Ferguson, Baltimore, and Minneapolis into a movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) programs have been implemented widely in medical settings, with little attention focused on how well providers adhere to evidence-based service delivery in everyday practice. The purposes of this paper were to: (1) introduce a flexible, relatively simple methodology, the SBIRT Checklist for Observation in Real-time (SCORe), to assess adherence to evidence-based practice and provide preliminary evidence supporting its criterion validity; and (2) illustrate the feasibility and potential utility of the SCORe by analyzing observations of providers within four large-scale SBIRT programs in the United States. Methods Eighteen potential adherence judges were trained to recognize SBIRT service elements presented in realistic taped portrayals constructed to serve as criterion coding standards. Across the four SBIRT programs, 76 providers were observed performing 388 services in three types of medical settings; emergency departments ( n = 10), hospital out-patient/ambulatory clinics ( n = 16) and hospital in-patient settings ( n = 5). Results Across two exercises, trainees identified 81% of screening and 75% of brief intervention (BI) elements correctly; for the six FRAMES components (Feedback, Responsibility, Advice, Menu of options, Empathy, Self-efficacy), agreement ranged from 69% to 91%. Across programs, 56% of screening, 54% of brief intervention (BI) (81% of FRAMES) and 53% of referral to treatment elements were observed. Programs differed significantly in adherence [screening, P = 0.024; BI, P < 0.001; FRAMES, P < 0.001; referral to treatment (RT), P < 0.001]; medical setting differences were minimal. Conclusions The Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment Checklist for Observation in Real-time provides a flexible method for assessing adherence to evidence-based Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment service protocols. Preliminary evidence supports the criterion validity, feasibility and potential utility of the Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment Checklist for Observation in Real-time protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a nationwide survey of educators for grades 6-12 who specialize in family and consumer sciences education (N=380). The paper examines teacher reports about their self-efficacy in online learning during the switch to off-campus instruction. Data revealed that district communication to teachers indicating that they were doing a good job and teachers having had prior online interactions with students were significantly related to the teachers' positive perceptions of self-efficacy.

An instrumental rewards become more scarce under general government retrenchment, public employers need to rely more heavily on intrinsic rewards as a basis for employee performance. This paper examines the impact of job-security, recognition for the public service and changes in agency staffing on one an important intrinsic reward, organizational involvement. Analysis of variance and multiple regression are used to explore these relationships, the data are based on a 1982 survey of 484 federal state and local government employees in Kansas and Missouri. The results suggest a generally overlooked resource for enhancing organizational involvement, public service recognition. The research indicates that the sense of recognition accorded to the public service has a strong influence on the employee's job involvement, with higher level employees exhibiting more sensitivity to recognition that lower level employees. In contrast, job security and changes in staffing levels demonstrate only modest impacts on employee's involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]