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Context: While adrenal adenomas have been linked with cardiovascular morbidity in convenience samples of patients from specialized referral centers, large-scale population-based data are lacking.Objective: To determine the prevalence and incidence of cardiometabolic disease and assess mortality in a population-based cohort of patients with adrenal adenomas.Design: Population-based cohort study.Setting: Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA.Patients: Patients diagnosed with adrenal adenomas without overt hormone excess and age- and sex-matched referent subjects without adrenal adenomas.Main Outcome Measure: Prevalence, incidence of cardiometabolic outcomes, mortality.Results: (Adrenal adenomas were diagnosed in 1004 patients (58% women, median age 63 years) from 1/01/1995 to 12/31/2017. At baseline, patients with adrenal adenomas were more likely to have hypertension [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.96, 95% CI 1.58-2.44], dysglycemia (aOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.33-2.00), peripheral vascular disease (aOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.32-2.06), heart failure (aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.15-2.33), and myocardial infarction (aOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.02-2.22) compared to referent subjects. During median follow-up of 6.8 years, patients with adrenal adenomas were more likely than referent subjects to develop de novo chronic kidney disease [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.46, 95% CI 1.14-1.86], cardiac arrhythmia (aHR 1.31, 95% CI 1.08-1.58), peripheral vascular disease (aHR 1.28, 95% CI 1.05-1.55), cardiovascular events (aHR 1.33, 95% CI 1.01-1.73), and venous thromboembolic events (aHR 2.15, 95% CI 1.48-3.13). Adjusted mortality was similar between the 2 groups.Conclusion: Adrenal adenomas are associated with an increased prevalence and incidence of adverse cardiometabolic outcomes in a population-based cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Several small studies reported increased prevalence and inciden ce of asymptomatic vertebral fractures in patients with non-functioning adrenal adenomas and adenomas wit h mild autonomous cortisol secretion. However, the risk of symptomatic fractures at vertebrae, and at other si tes remains unknown. Our objective was to determine the prevalence and incidence of symptomatic site-specific fractu res in patients with adrenal adenomas. Design: Population-based cohort study, Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA, 1995-2017. Methods: Participants were the patients with adrenal adenoma and age/sex -matched referent subjects. Patients with overt hormone excess were excluded. Main outcomes measures were prevalence and incidence of bone fractures. Results: Of 1004 patients with adrenal adenomas, 582 (58%) were women, a nd median age at diagnosis was 63 years (20-96). At the time of diagnosis, patients had a higher preval ence of previous fractures than referent subjects (any fracture: 47.9% vs 41.3%, P = 0.003, vertebral fracture: 6.4% vs 3.6%, P = 0.004, combined osteoporotic sites: 16.6% vs 13.3%, P = 0.04). Median duration of follow-up was 6.8 years (range: 0-21.9 years). After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, tobacco use, prior history of fracture, and common causes of se condary osteoporosis, patients with adenoma had hazard ratio of 1.27 (95% CI: 1.07-1.52) for developing a new fracture during follow up when compared to referent subjects. Conclusions: Patients with adrenal adenomas have higher prevalence of fractures at the time of diagnosis and increased risk to develop new fractures when compared to refere nt subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Several small studies reported increased prevalence and incidence of asymptomatic vertebral fractures in patients with non-functioning adrenal adenomas and adenomas with mild autonomous cortisol secretion. However, the risk of symptomatic fractures at vertebrae, and at other sites remains unknown. Our objective was to determine the prevalence and incidence of symptomatic site-specific fractures in patients with adrenal adenomas., Design: Population-based cohort study, Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA, 1995-2017., Methods: Participants were the patients with adrenal adenoma and age/sex-matched referent subjects. Patients with overt hormone excess were excluded. Main outcomes measures were prevalence and incidence of bone fractures., Results: Of 1004 patients with adrenal adenomas, 582 (58%) were women, and median age at diagnosis was 63 years (20-96). At the time of diagnosis, patients had a higher prevalence of previous fractures than referent subjects (any fracture: 47.9% vs 41.3%, P = 0.003, vertebral fracture: 6.4% vs 3.6%, P = 0.004, combined osteoporotic sites: 16.6% vs 13.3%, P = 0.04). Median duration of follow-up was 6.8 years (range: 0-21.9 years). After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, tobacco use, prior history of fracture, and common causes of secondary osteoporosis, patients with adenoma had hazard ratio of 1.27 (95% CI: 1.07-1.52) for developing a new fracture during follow up when compared to referent subjects., Conclusions: Patients with adrenal adenomas have higher prevalence of fractures at the time of diagnosis and increased risk to develop new fractures when compared to referent subjects.

Background: Adrenal tumours are commonly encountered in clinical practice, but epidemiological data mainly originate from referral centres. We aimed to determine incidence, prevalence, and rates of malignancy and hormone excess in patients with adrenal tumours in a standardised geographically well defined population., Methods: In this retrospective population-based cohort study we assessed the standardised incidence rate of adrenal tumours in all patients with tumours who lived in Olmsted County, MN, USA, from Jan 1, 1995, to Dec 31, 2017. The Rochester Epidemiology Project infrastructure, which links medical records across all health-care providers for the entire population of Olmsted County since 1966, was used to allow researchers to identify individuals with specific diagnoses, surgical interventions, and other procedures, and to locate their medical records, which were then used in the analysis. Incidence rates and prevalence were standardised for age and sex according to the 2010 US Population., Findings: An adrenal tumour was diagnosed in 1287 patients (median age 62 years; 713 (55·4%) were women; and 13 (1·0%) were children). Standardised incidence rates increased from 4·4 (95% CI 0·3-8·6) per 100 000 person-years in 1995 to 47·8 (36·9-58·7) in 2017, mainly because of the incidental discovery of adenomas less than 40 mm in diameter in patients older than 40 years. Prevalence of adrenal tumours in 2017 was 532 per 100 000 inhabitants, ranging from 13 per 100 000 in children (aged <18 years) to 1900 per 100 000 in patients older than 65 years. 111 (8·6%) of 1287 patients were diagnosed with malignancy (96 [7·5%] of whom has metastases), 14 (1·1%) with phaeochromocytoma, and 53 (4·1%) with overt steroid hormone excess. Malignancy was more common in children (62%) versus those older than 18 years (8%; p<0·0001), tumours discovered during cancer-staging or follow-up (43% vs 3% for incidentalomas; p<0·0001), tumours more than 40 mm in diameter (34% vs 6% for tumours <20 mm; p<0·0001), tumours with unenhanced CT attenuation of 30 Hounsfield units or more (20% vs 1% for <20 Hounsfield units; p<·0001), and bilateral masses (16% vs 7% for unilateral, p=0·0004)., Interpretation: Adrenal tumour standardised incidence rates increased 10 times from 1995 to 2017. Population-based data revealed lower rates of malignancy, phaeochromocytoma, and overt steroid hormone excess than previously reported., Funding: National Institutes of Health., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)