1. Prevalence of Undiagnosed Acute and Chronic HIV in a Lower-Prevalence Urban Emergency Department.
- Author
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Moschella, Phillip C., Hart, Kimberly W., Ruffner, Andrew H., Lindsell, Christopher J., Wayne, D. Beth, Sperling, Matthew I., Trott, Alexander T., Fichtenbaum, Carl J., and Lyons, Michael S.
- Subjects
DIAGNOSIS of HIV infections ,HIV infection epidemiology ,BLACK people ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,HISPANIC Americans ,HOSPITAL emergency services ,METROPOLITAN areas ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL sampling ,WHITE people ,DISEASE prevalence ,CROSS-sectional method ,SEVERITY of illness index ,AIDS serodiagnosis ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Objectives. We estimated the seroprevalence of both acute and chronic HIV infection by using a random sample of emergency department (ED) patients from a region of the United States with low-to-moderate HIV prevalence. Methods. This cross-sectional seroprevalence study consecutively enrolled patients aged 18 to 64 years within randomly selected sampling blocks in a Midwestern urban ED in a region of lower HIV prevalence in 2008 to 2009. Participants were compensated for providing a blood sample and health information. After de¬identification, we assayed samples for HIV antibody and nucleic acid. Results. There were 926 participants who consented and enrolled. Overall, prevalence of undiagnosed HIV was 0.76% (95% confidence interval [Cl] =0.30%, 1.56%). Three participants (0.32%; 95% Cl = 0.09%, 0.86%) were nucleic acid-positive but antibody-negative and 4 (0.43%; 95% Cl = 0.15%, 1.02%) were antibody-positive. Conclusions. Even when the absolute prevalence is low, a considerable proportion of undetected HIV cases in an ED population are acute. Identification of acute HIV in ED settings should receive increased priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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