1. Large-scale recent expansion of European patrilineages shown by population resequencing.
- Author
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Batini C, Hallast P, Zadik D, Delser PM, Benazzo A, Ghirotto S, Arroyo-Pardo E, Cavalleri GL, de Knijff P, Dupuy BM, Eriksen HA, King TE, de Munain AL, López-Parra AM, Loutradis A, Milasin J, Novelletto A, Pamjav H, Sajantila A, Tolun A, Winney B, and Jobling MA
- Subjects
- Bayes Theorem, Biological Evolution, Computer Simulation, DNA, Mitochondrial genetics, Demography, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity genetics, Europe, Genetic Variation, Genetics, Population, Genomics, Geography, Haplotypes, History, Ancient, Humans, Male, Middle East, Mutation, Phylogeny, Population Dynamics, White People genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Abstract
The proportion of Europeans descending from Neolithic farmers ∼ 10 thousand years ago (KYA) or Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers has been much debated. The male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) has been widely applied to this question, but unbiased estimates of diversity and time depth have been lacking. Here we show that European patrilineages underwent a recent continent-wide expansion. Resequencing of 3.7 Mb of MSY DNA in 334 males, comprising 17 European and Middle Eastern populations, defines a phylogeny containing 5,996 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Dating indicates that three major lineages (I1, R1a and R1b), accounting for 64% of our sample, have very recent coalescent times, ranging between 3.5 and 7.3 KYA. A continuous swathe of 13/17 populations share similar histories featuring a demographic expansion starting ∼ 2.1-4.2 KYA. Our results are compatible with ancient MSY DNA data, and contrast with data on mitochondrial DNA, indicating a widespread male-specific phenomenon that focuses interest on the social structure of Bronze Age Europe.
- Published
- 2015
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