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Vanilla is the orchid of greatest economic interest to the world since the spice of the same name is obtained from it. Vanillin is obtained from its ripened pod, this compound is highly recognized and demanded by the gastronomic, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries for the sweet aroma and flavor it emanates. The objective of this work was to carry out a literature review to put into perspective the reader about the sustainability strategies in the vanilla industry in Mexico, as well as the innovations of propagation and in vitro conservation of Vanilla planifolia germplasm. Despite being originally from Mexico, this country ranks third in world production, preceding Madagascar, and Indonesia. This compilation of studies presents biotechnological techniques to increase vanilla production, as well as alternatives that can reduce the negative effects caused by the low genetic accumulation in this species, such as plant tissue culture, use of molecular markers for the study of somaclonal variation, asymbiotic seed germination under in vitro conditions. These techniques together with agroindustrial strategies can represent a sustainable alternative for vanilla production. In this article, strategies are suggested that allow those interested in vanilla production to make appropriate decisions, however, it is necessary to develop multidisciplinary studies that allow a global approach to the phenomena involved in the production and use of vanilla, as well as the resolution of the problems that this process faces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tillandsia viridiflora (Beer) Baker is an epiphytic bromeliad endemic to Mexico, and the destruction of its habitat and illegal trade have led to its inclusion in the list of endangered species in NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. For its commercial use as an ornamental plant, a massive propagation system is required. In vitro plant tissue culture techniques are an option for producing large numbers of plants. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal conditions to regenerate plants in vitro by direct organogenesis and acclimatize them. Organogenesis was evaluated in Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP, 0.0 and 8.8 µM) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 0.0 and 2.1 µM) from in vitro seedlings germinated in MS medium with 50% of the salt concentration. Shoot groups were placed in MS medium with gibberellic acid (GA3, 0 and 5.77 µM) to promote elongation. Shoot rooting was evaluated in MS medium with 50% of the salt concentration added with NAA (0.00 and 2.15 µM) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (0.00 and 2.15 µM). During acclimatization, we evaluated two plant heights and two types of substrates: peat + perlite (1:1) and pine bark (Pinus). We established a completely randomized design and the data obtained were analyzed with ANOVA; the Tukey test was used for the comparison of means. Germination was 82% in five weeks. In the organogenesis, 10.4 shoots were induced per explant with 6.65 µM of BAP and 0.5 µM of NAA, and the multiplication resulted in 13 shoots with 4.4 µM of BAP and 0.5 µM of NAA, both cases in 12 weeks. The largest elongation (1.5 cm) of the shoots occurred by adding 5.7 µM of gibberellic acid; and the highest number of roots (2.4 roots per plant) resulted from adding 1.0 µM NAA. In acclimatization, survival was 100% with 4.5 and 6.5 cm plants planted in peat+perlite and pine bark [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quercus sideroxyla is used to produce firewood, carbon and paper pulp. However, there are no management programs for replacing plants, so their conservation status is in danger in some areas of Mexico. The aim of this study was to develop an efficient methodology for in vitro propagation of Q. sideroxyla. Acorns in the fruiting season were harvested and then analyzed by X-ray. The embryos were induced to germination (stage 1), induction of adventitious shoots (stage 2) and rooting in culture media (stage 3). Four concentrations of Quoirin-Lepoivre medium (QL 10, 20, 30, 40%) were used with and without activated carbon (AC), as well as silver nanoparticles (AgNp) in stage 1. Whilst in stage 2 and stage 3, only the best resulting QL concentration was tested with three concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) as growth promotors. Experimental analysis in germination was carried out as a completely randomized block design, 16 treatments with five replicates and the Fisher test (p≤0.05) for means. Joint analysis of germination and shoots induction included a principal component analysis (PCA); induction and rooting of shoots were analyzed with the Wilcoxon paired analysis. The best results in the germination stage were observed in the treatment QL 30%, where 70% of germinated explants were obtained; but this treatment was not statistically different to the treatment QL 40%, which produced about 65% germination. In the remaining concentrations, explants oxidized completely; thus, a negative correlation medium-germination was observed. For multiple shoots induction stage, the best treatment was the lowest concentration of BAP:NAA which showed a positive behavior in the presence of activated carbon. Activated carbon on culture media, inhibited the oxidation of acorns and promoted the adventitious shoots and roots growth. This is the first report of the successful micropropagation of Q. sideroxyla. Using QL medium, activated carbon, silver nanoparticles and growth regulators promoted explant germination, rooting and vegetative development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the objective to induce the regeneration of plantlets in vitro of 11 cultivars of chrysanthemum, an experiment was carried out at Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales of the Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas of the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, in the 2005-2006 period. Apical meristem of each variety were sown in the medium of culture Murashige and Skoog (1962), plus 3 % of sucrose, 6.5 g/l of agar and a pH of 5.7-5.8. Twelve combinations were evaluated result of four doses of ANA (0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 mg/l) and three doses of K (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/l). The rate of multiplication varied of 1:8 to 1:29 depending on the to cultivar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]