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Objective: To analyze the influence of international trade on the specialization and competitiveness of Mexican chicken meat during 1980 to 2017. Methodology: A hypothetical-deductive method was applied; the study is longitudinal with information from secondary sources with which it was developed. a database in Excel in the form of matrices to calculate the competitiveness indices at the macroeconomic level, which are: the Lafay and Balassa index. Results: The results show that Mexico lacks comparative advantages and must generate strategies for infrastructure, health regulation and strengthening of the productive chain to increase production, reduce costs and thereby increase its specialization and competitiveness as a net exporter. Limitations: Is necessary to disseminate, by the institutional route and in collaboration with private and nongovernmental organizations, the best agricultural practices and at the same time, stimulate the development of the improved seed market. Conclusions: It is necessary to carry out actions that increase the advantages and with it the specialization and competitiveness in the commercial poultry farming of chicken meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To assess the performance of medical schools (FEM) by analyzing the results of their applicants in the Examen Nacional para Aspirantes a Residencias Médicas (ENARM). Materials and methods. Five performance criteria, two official and three created on purpose, were calculated from the ENARM-2016 and -2017 official databases to assess FEM performance. Results. In 2016 and 2017, applicants registered from 112 and 115 FEM, respectively. Depending on the performance criteria, the FEM in the first place obtained 5 to 20 points more than the one placed second, and 23 to 98 points more than the FEM in the last place. Approximately 25% applicants were classified as "knowledge-deficient," and about 80% of these originated from less than one third of the FEM. Conclusion. The ENARM results provide information on the performance of the FEM. Approximately one of every four applicants obtained scores lower than the approval threshold of any specialty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To assess the assumption of 'equity' of Mexico's resident-selection assessment tool, the Examen Nacional para Aspirantes a Residencias Médicas (ENARM). Materials and methods. Official ENARM-2016 and -2017 databases were analyzed. Differences in the absolute number of correct answers (multivariable linear regression) and the number of applicants reaching their specialty minimum score (SMS) per test day (odds ratio [OR]) were calculated. Applicants affected by test-day inequity were estimated. Results. There were 36 114 applicants in 2016, and 38 380 in 2017. In 2016, day-2 applicants had significantly higher scores and more reached the SMS than on days 1-3-4 (OR 1.55), and 5 (OR 3.8); 3 565 non-passing applicants were affected by inequity (equivalent to 44.64% of those selected). In 2017, day-1 and -2 applicants had significantly higher scores and more reached the SMS than on days 3-4 (OR 1.85), and 5 (OR 4.04); 3,155 non-passing applicants were affected by inequity (37.2% of those selected). Conclusion. Analysis of official ENARM databases does not support the official attribution of equity, suggesting the test should be redesigned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article I explore the role that Silvio Zavala played in the process of institutionalization and professionalization of history in Mexico. I analyze the historiographical value of his first works produced during his stay in Spain under the guidance of Rafael Altamira y Crevea and the national and international alliances and bonds that he established upon his return to Mexico since 1936. I argue that the prestige as an academic and historian allowed Zavala to be one of the creators of publications such as Revista de Historia de América and fundamental promoter of institutions such as El Colegio de México where he trained multiple generations of students and researchers. The research ends at 1950, his last year as director of the Historical Studies Centre. In this work I use archival and bibliographic sources that have been scarcely studied before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous education, that the productive sector demands, is not only the accumulation of new knowledge, supported in the education-learning process, but also a focus on the new tendencies that the labor field demands, where the universities have the opportunity to extend their involvement, through graduations or specializations, that contribute the strength of the acquired skills in the classroom. The objective is to know the kind of graduation interests that motivate the graduates, as a process of continuous education. The study is based on the application of a questionnaire to 50 students of different degrees from public universities in Sonora, whose excellent results are: 51% of those surveyed, indicate that at the end of their degree they do not obtain the tools to compete in their labor field. 92% of the students mention that universities should offer within the educative program some area of financial or specialization, related to other disciplines. Another important data is that the financial areas that graduates prefer are related to the social administrative and financial areas and in smaller proportion they prefer the engineering disciplines. 70% of those surveyed, indicate that universities have infrastructure, learning spaces and the skilled human resources to offer this type of courses. The conclusion of this work, is that public universities follow training programs related to certain areas and disciplines, centered on the student and learning, like part of their formation, but they do not have the educative flexibility and the graduates will need to know other disciplines to complement their professional education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the role of specialization in the economic performance of Mexico's states, estimating an equation for growth augmented by a specialization index that captures gains in productivity by reallocating resources towards sectors with growing returns to scale and a variable that measures the catch-up effect. This exercise is distinguished from other similar ones by its utilization of specialization indices broken down at the branch and economic activity levels where the analysis focuses on the impact of the key sectors, which are identified by following the criteria established by the new theory of growth (NTG) and Post-Keynesian theory (PKT). This makes it possible to place the economic activities that contribute in a special way to economic growth in the states and to contrast the validity of some arguments present in the present theoretical debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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