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In this papper, we analyze the working conditions of domestic workers in Mexico considering aspects associated with income, social security and tax formalization in order to assess the degree of succes of government actions aimed at improving the conditions of this group. For this, we designed an analysis model based on remuneration, job stability, social security and fiscal formalization. Likewise, its main socioeconomic characteristics are considered. For that, we used the microdata from the National Occupation and Employment Survey for the first quarter of the period between 2018 and 2021 to consider the stage prior to the implementation of the pilot test program for the incorporation of domestic workers into the Mandatory Social Security Regime, its implementation, and the two subsequent years. As the main result, it was identified that domestic workers are nowadays a vulnerable and invisible social group in the focus of government attention. They are characterized by a series of factors that aggravate their vulnerability: both due to their origin and their professional activity, which refer us to their historical precariousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista del Centro de Investigación. Universidad La Salle is the property of Universidad La Salle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To estimate the prevalence of non-fatal unintentional injuries in Mexican population and to analyze individual, environmental and household factors associated with its occurrence. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study, analyzed the prevalence of unintentional injuries from Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut 2018-19), which is a nationally representative health survey designed with a probability, stratified and cluster sampling, in three stages. Association with variables of interest was explored using logistic regression analysis. Results. Prevalence of non-fatal unintentional injuries was 4.5% (IC95%: 4.2-4.7), equivalent to 5.6 million people per year. Of them, 22.3% or 1.2 million suffered permanent consequences. Probability of having unintentional injuries was higher in the North and Center regions, as in Mexico City-State of Mexico; in males from 0 to 59 and females of 60 or more years of age, in people living with disabilities and those who self-reported depression symptoms. Conclusions. Strengthening unintentional injury prevention is necessary and urgent, especially within vulnerable groups of population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The inclusion of vulnerable people in the labor force is essential to improve their living conditions and make them participate in society, thereby promoting social cohesion and stability, as well as integrating the exercise of ethics in the operation of organizations; Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), because of their economic and social importance, represent a platform of opportunity for the realization of inclusive practices, as well as the tertiary sector, when it is constituted as the main national economic area. In order to identify the vulnerable groups that are mainly hired by SMEs in the tertiary sector of the city of Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico, how they perform labor inclusion, its possible advantages and risks. A qualitative study was carried out on 11 SMEs in the tertiary sector of the city of Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico. We found that the most hired groups are: housewives, elderly people, people of limited resources and marginalized communities. The labor is performed through various actions including: promotions and raises based solely on performance; application of the same salary in the same position: Regardless of sex. As well as commission policies and bonds of general application; equal treatment; contracts based on job profile, regardless of sex, among others. Likewise, we observed the advantages of hiring people in situations of vulnerability: their commitment, responsibility, gratitude, loyalty, which give added value to their work, as a result of their vulnerable status. We identified as risks: permits, damages to physical integrity, illnesses, vices, among others. We concluded that in the SMEs of the tertiary sector of the city of Los Mochis, there is a point of support for the exercise of labor inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To assess trends in 1) tuberculosis (TB) case notification by year and 2) cumulative treatment outcomes (stratified by type of TB) in relation to the proportion of indigenous population in municipalities in a countrywide study in Mexico for the period 2009-2013. Methods. This ecological operational research study used municipality data for the five-year study period. As no single identifier variable existed for indigenous persons, municipalities were categorized into one of three groups based on the proportion of their indigenous population (< 25% ("low"), ≥ 25% to < 50% ("medium"), and ≥ 50% ("high")). TB case notification rates (CNRs) were standardized to a 100 000 population. Results. For the first four years of the study period (2009 through 2012), for all new TB cases reported nationally, the municipalities with a high proportion of indigenous people (≥ 50%) had the highest CNRs (ranging from 20.8 to 17.7 over that period). In 2013, however, the CNR in the high proportion municipalities dropped to 16.7, lower than the CNR for that year in the municipalities with a medium proportion of indigenous people (P < 0.001). In the municipalities with low and medium proportions of indigenous people, the CNR hovered between 15.1 and 17.3 over the study period. For the 96 195 new TB cases reported over the study period, the treatment success rate ranged between 81% and 84% for all three municipality groups. For previously treated TB cases, CNRs ranged between 1.0 and 1.7 for all three groups over the study period. The average proportion of previously treated TB cases (of all TB cases) was 9% for the three groups in 2009 but dropped to 8% by 2013. The cumulative treatment success rate for all previously treated cases (a total of 8 763 for the study period) was 64% in municipalities with a low proportion of indigenous people, 61 % in those with a medium proportion, and 69% in those with a high proportion. Conclusions. Despite the slightly higher CNR in municipalities with predominantly indigenous populations, there were no stark differences in TB burden across the three municipality groups. The authors were unable to confirm if the relatively low CNRs found in this study were a reflection of good TB program performance or if TB cases were being missed. A survey of TB prevalence in indigenous people, with individualized data, is needed to inform targeted TB control strategies for this group in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To describe how the Government of Mexico and other direct stakeholders perceive children orphaned by the drug war; to determine the current measures addressing this as a public health problem; and to compare these measures to international frameworks so that relevant recommendations can be identified. Methods. This was an exploratory, descriptive case study using qualitative methods. Semi-structured interviews were performed with key informants at the federal, state, and municipal government levels in Mexico, as well as non-governmental organizations, and other institutes working with orphans. Participants were identified with a purposive snowball sample. Results. No official definition of "orphan" was identified; nor was there a shared perception among the key informants of what constitutes being an orphan. An official, collective definition is important because it modifies the quantity of children categorized as such within the target population. Although most of the interviewees perceive that the number of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) has increased in the last 6 years, they acknowledged there is no reliable data to prove it. The increase, they believe, is due not to the drug war, but to a loss of family cohesion. Stakeholders recommend improving public policies, currently identified as the most difficult barrier to overcome due to a perceived inability to modify existing laws. However, the General Law for Victims was recently passed by the Government of Mexico and addresses many of the challenges identified. Conclusions. When compared to the international frameworks, there are three major issues in Mexico's current situation: coordination among and within stakeholders; emphasis on using community solutions; and putting in place preventive programs. For two of these problems, the General Law of Victims offers solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Papeles de Población is the property of Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The degree to which social determinants of health differ between indigenous migrants and non-indigenous people born and raised locally is currently unknown. We compared social determinants of health between indigenous migrants and non-indigenous people from urban north-eastern Mexico. Additionally, we ranked priorities for addressing the negative social determinants of health. This was a population-based comparative cross-sectional study ( n = 235 indigenous migrants and 168 non-indigenous people). A two-stage non-random sampling was carried out from June to August of 2019. Heads of households ≥18 years and those with the ability to communicate in Spanish were recruited house by house. Structural and intermediary determinants of health were identified according to the World Health Organization Conceptual Framework and priorities were ranked using Z-scores. Being a migrant indigenous increased 1.6 times the odds of low education (95% CI = 1.1, 2.4). In addition, the migrant indigenous status increased the odds of poor housing, unhealthy behaviour and low social cohesion ( p < 0.05). Housing, behaviours and health service accessibility were top priorities for indigenous migrants and structural determinants for non-indigenous people. The findings show that the right to access the social determinants of health has not yet been guaranteed for indigenous communities.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of non-fatal uninten-tional injuries in Mexican population and to analyze individual, environmental and household factors associated with its occurrence., Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study, analyzed the prevalence of unintentional injuries from Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut 2018-19), which is a nationally representative health survey designed with a probability, stratified and cluster sampling, in three stages. Association with variables of interest was explored using logistic regression analysis., Results: Prevalence of non-fatal unintentional injuries was 4.5% (IC95%: 4.2-4.7), equivalent to 5.6 million people per year. Of them, 22.3% or 1.2 million suffered permanent consequences. Probability of having unintentional injuries was higher in the North and Center regions, as in Mexico City-State of Mexico; in males from 0 to 59 and females of 60 or more years of age, in people living with disabilities and those who self-reported depres-sion symptoms., Conclusions: Strengthening unintentional injury prevention is necessary and urgent, especially within vulnerable groups of population., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflict of interests. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.