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This article examines the literature on popular liberalism in nineteenth-century Mexico and the shortcomings of two interpretations: popular liberalism as an alternative to elite liberalism, and popular liberalism as a strategy to ultimately pursue non-liberal ends. It argues that both interpretations tend to overstate the distance between the liberal elite and its popular supporters because of an unexamined, dichotomous conception of liberalism and the people (generally Indigenous and non-Indigenous peasants) as opposites. It draws its examples from studies of local politics and sides with the interpretation of 'liberalism tout court ' as the best available option to avoid reifications of liberalism and the popular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Runa: Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre is the property of Runa: Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this article is to analyse the processes of de jure autonomy that are taking place in several indigenous municipalities in Mexico, in order to examine how indigenous peoples exercise their right to self-government at the municipal level. From a legal approach, its methodology is based on a comparative analysis of three case studies: the municipalities of Cheran, Ayutla and Oxchuc in the states of Michoacan, Guerrero and Chiapas, respectively. These municipalities have elected new local governments in recent years, not through the traditional electoral-partisan system, but through their own regulatory systems that have achieved legal recognition. The text is divided into eight sections: an introduction, a section on indigenous municipalities in Mexico, three sections on each case, another with the comparative analysis itself, a penultimate section with the results of this exercise and some final thoughts. The main finding of the research refers to a process of judicialisation of the right to self-government that confronts indigenous peoples with a paradox inherent to the contradiction that intrinsically stresses processes of de jure autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Indigenous populations are considered a vulnerable minority and have characteristics such as poverty, difficulties to access food, housing, and educational backwardness; these conditions make them prone to alcohol consumption problems. Dependence on alcohol consumption probably arises as a symbol of protest, challenge, and response to social anguish, which has in turn repercussions in marginal population sectors that have conditions of fragility due to exploitation and discrimination, such as indigenous people. Objective. To know the effect of perceived discrimination on alcohol consumption in Mexican indigenous population. Method. Research design was descriptive, correlational check-model, with a sample of 362 adults from two indigenous communities. Results. A simple linear regression model was performed, which shows a significant effect in the entire model (F[248] = 78.312, p = .001), which explains 49% of the variance of alcohol consumption. A significant positive influence was also found from the perceived discrimination variable (ß = .626, p < .001) on alcohol consumption. Discussion and conclusion. The studied indigenous communities had characteristics that the literature highlights as risk factors for developing addictive behaviors of alcohol consumption. These results coincide with those of the National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples. Indigenous population present discrimination problems that are associated with alcohol consumption problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Autonomous Indigenous University of Mexico UAIM, when it was founded, intended to respond to the need of the members of the indigenous peoples of the north of the country to access their human right to quality higher education. The Anthropologist Jesús Ángel Ochoa Zazueta, founder of the UAIM, reported that the indigenous peoples who live in northern Mexico did not enjoy - to put it in legal terms - their right to education, since knowing firsthand the problems that these towns face, by going through them and dealing with them for years, Ochoa was able to document and break down these problems, highlighting the lack of access to higher education for the members of these towns. This lack of access to quality higher education still persists as we have documented and that we report in this document. The violation of the human right to education that is committed by the Mexican State against indigenous youth who live in the north of the state of Sinaloa, is due to several factors: One is that indigenous youth do not have sufficient economic resources to cover the costs of pursuing a degree, we report that this is the factor that has the most influence on the lack of access to this type of education. Another factor is the great distances between the indigenous peoples and communities in which these young people live and the universities that in the states of Sinaloa and Sonora, Mexico, are based in medium-sized cities. Also, we were able to identify as a factor that prevents access to quality university education, it is the high cost of public transport and the scarcity of units that provide the service in an efficient and accessible manner among the indigenous peoples and communities and the places where they are located. Universities are located. In the state of Sinaloa, public transport is one of the most expensive in the world, if we consider the indicators of cost of the ticket / distance traveled. Given this scenario and to solve the problem of lack of access to higher education for young members of the indigenous peoples of northern Mexico, such as the yoreme-mayo, yoreme-yaqui, guarijíos, koncak, it was founded in 2001 the Autonomous Indigenous University of Mexico UAIM. Since its foundation, the UAIM has put into practice an educational model based on research and complied with the provisions of articles 1, 2 and 3 of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States that refer to indigenous peoples and education. Thus, the UAIM, to ensure that indigenous youth who wished to pursue a degree, were able to access their human right to education without restrictions, this by not applying any type of admission exam, in addition to granting them lodging scholarships, of food and exempt them in the payment of school fees. Despite the efforts of the UAIM and other higher education institutions based in the north of the state of Sinaloa, young members of indigenous peoples still do not have access to quality higher education, as we report in this essay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to understand the experiences of the students of Law with Intercultural Perspective belonging to Intercultural University of the State of Puebla during Covid-19 time, as well as identify how they connected to online classes, through a quantitative methodology. In this sense, the results prove that digital divide still a problem in regard to in Mexico. The Central Campus of the said university is in Huehuetla, a Totonac village in northeast State of Puebla. Several students are from indigenous communities of the states of Veracruz and Puebla. It is important to remember that most of them belong to rural areas. In addition, the indigenous and rural population in Mexico had poor connectivity during pandemic years. The high cost of access was another problem for the academic education of their young members. Today, internet is a basic tool in high education learning. For this reason, the said gaps in Mexican homes do difficult advances in academic formation of youngest members of families. Furthermore, this paper exposes the right to education in international declarations and Mexican law. During the last decades, International and National laws have recognized also the rights of indigenous peoples. The education is an essential field of human development of all populations. Summary, internet connectivity is a crucial factor in regard to current human rights. Digital education is a challenge in global world, because having a computer is not enough for a rational use of new technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the significance and the challenges of various decolonized practices in research and in social science training methods in Mexico and, particularly, in Chiapas, based on a Latin American approach to the field of studies conducted by intellectuals and activists involved in social movement struggles. We analyze different forms of intercultural dialogues used in decolonizing research in terms of social, ethnic and gender relationships, according to the contexts and the knowledge production of popular and indigenous movements facing politics, education and epistemic racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Textual is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales is the property of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy / Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional is the property of Cadernos de Terapia Ocupacional da UFSCar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Población is the property of Revista Latinoamericana de Poblacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Voces de la Educacion is the property of Voces de la Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a methodological proposal for the analysis of local power in Latin America in the 19th century, particularly in Chiapas, Mexico. The study focuses on the ayuntamientos of ladinized indian village, those that most of their population was indian, but had a significant number of Ladin neighbors. This factor, along with the historical trajectory and context of the moment, characterized the development of local government in the region. The article points to some questions, outstanding topics and perspectives of analysis of this institution, taking into account, moreover, that the documentary information available is scarce. We will analyze some aspects that characterized the historical processes of Chiapas related to this institution: ethnic character of the people, consequences of the application of the postulates of the Constitution of Cadiz -- legal equality, citizenship -- forms of representation, character of the ayuntamientos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: comprender los procesos críticos (PC) de determinación social de la obesidad, la diabetes y la hipertensión (ODH) en una comunidad nahua de México., Metodología: estudio cualitativo de registros de un taller de fotovoz, donde las participantes fotografiaron su entorno y analizaron las causas y posibles soluciones a la ODH. Para analizar los PC de la ODH utilizamos como método la investigación narrativa y, como referente teórico, la epidemiología crítica., Resultados: la ODH se reproduce social e históricamente a través de PC destructivos vinculados con las relaciones de producción global y de género. Estas determinan modos de vida deteriorantes que limitan la atención a la salud, comprometen la salud mental, producen contaminación y diferenciación de uso de espacios, y reducen oportunidades para alimentarse nutritivamente y realizar actividad física. Todo ello se expresa como ODH y problemas de salud mental. Los PC protectores ante estas expresiones incluyen la atención estatal, las oportunidades de trabajo, y la promoción de dispositivos culturales y comunitarios., Conclusiones: nuestros resultados aportan a la discusión global sobre cómo las condiciones históricas de vida son parte de la determinación social de la ODH. Comprender los PC y sus expresiones locales puede orientarnos hacia la descolonización de la forma de pensar y hacer promoción de la salud., Competing Interests: Declaración de conflicto de interesesNingún conflicto declarado.

Objective. Present the results of a pedagogical intervention to improve the quality-responsiveness in healthcare provided by health service providers in indigenous regions. Materials and methods. A didactic methodology with a critical-constructivist approach was designed aimed to health personnel who attend to the indigenous population in five entities of Mexico. Results. Between 09/2016 and 01/2020, 1 825 health workers were trained, who deconstructed the beliefs that determine practices of discrimination and abuse during the health care of indigenous users. The intervention achieved significant transformative learning of social beliefs and practices, with proposals to avoid any form of abuse and guarantee dignified treatment. Conclusions. For the construction of a universal and equitable health system, it is necessary to include interventions that act on the beliefs that determine discrimination and mistreatment practices in health services towards vulnerable social groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, governments and companies have forced through extractive and infrastructure megaprojects, undermining the priorities of people living in the affected territories. Currently, legislation exists that protects indigenous people's right to prior, free, and informed consultation. The objective of this article is to discuss opportunities and risks of consultations held with indigenous peoples, based on the observation and analysis of some paradigmatic cases in Mexico. Among the most recent are the Mayan Train and the Trans-Isthmus Corridor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciências Sociais - Brazil is the property of Revista de Ciencias Socias do Universidade Federal do Ceara and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Places with high species diversity have high linguistic diversity, whereas areas with low species diversity tend to have low linguistic diversity. Objective: To characterize the intriguing relationship between biological and cultural diversity, a correlation that has been discussed at a global scale, but here tested for the first time in Mexico. Methods: We compiled exhaustive databases on both endangered species and endangered languages, and reviewed available literature on Mexico's biocultural diversity with a focus on endangered and critically endangered species and languages. Results: With 364 living languages, Mexico is the world's fifth most linguistically diverse country, but 64 of these languages are facing a very high risk of disappearance and 13 have already disappeared. Mexico is also the fourth most biologically diverse country, but 1 213 species of its flora and fauna are threatened with extinction and at least 127 species were recently extinct. Conclusions: Indigenous peoples are custodians of much of the world's biocultural diversity. As the world grows less linguistically and culturally diverse, it is also becoming less biologically diverse. Mexico's biological and linguistic diversity show strong geographic overlap, with the states of Oaxaca, Chiapas, Veracruz, Guerrero, and Michoacán harboring most species and most languages. Similarly, Mexico's biodiversity hotspots mirror language hotspots, and areas with the highest number of endangered species overlap with areas where the endangerment of languages is also the highest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fronteira: Revista de Iniciacao Cientifica em Relacoes Internacionais is the property of Instituto de Ciencias Sociais, Departmento de Relacoes Internacionais, PUC Minas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Mexico, where 15% of the population is indigenous, there is little literature that defines the characteristics of local indigenous leadership. The objective of this study is to describe the characteristics of Tsotsil indigenous leadership. We found an organizational system based on the leader obeying what is entrusted by the group he represents. The main motivational trait sought by the community is "sacrifice," exemplified by the concept of bankilal, i.e., the elder brother who takes care of younger siblings. In this sense, we confirm what the Zapatistas maintain: In indigenous communities, leaders command by obeying the community they represent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Anthropology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Anthropology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present work analyzes the transmission of the oral tradition of the indigenous peoples during the colonial and contemporary period and how it was documented in manuscripts, canvases, maps, and genealogies. In these documents, a part of the vision of the Mesoamerican world was expressed: the ritual life, the sacred discourses, the cult of the ancestors and the gods that live in the areas surrounding the towns and in the hills that are considered sacred. One of the main premises that will guide this work is this: the indigenous communities are entities that produce knowledge, a part of which we can see documented in their documentation. The community's oral narrative is what guides the tlacuiloque ('scribes') in the representation of their history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malnutrition is a global problem that affects schoolchildren and can increase the risk of diseases in adulthood. Adult members of the Yaqui Indigenous group have been shown to have serious health problems, and Yaqui schoolchildren could therefore find themselves in a similar situation., Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status, lipid profile and associated factors in a sample of Yaqui schoolchildren., Material and Methods: A total of 109 Yaqui schoolchildren who lived in their localities of origin were recruited. Anthropometric measurements were carried out, a venous blood sample was extracted in fasting conditions, and several questionnaires were applied., Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 38.5%, with no cases of chronic malnutrition being recorded; 38.6% of the children had dyslipidemia. Fiber consumption was a protective factor against overweight/obesity, while fat intake was a risk factor. The physical activity score was found to be a protective factor against dyslipidemia, and the risk factors were BMI-for-age Z-scores, waist circumference, family history of dyslipidemia, educational level, and permanent employment., Conclusions: Yaqui schoolchildren equally suffer from a high proportion of overweight/obesity and dyslipidemia. The associated factors may be useful for the design of contextualized interventions for this population., (Copyright: © 2024 Permanyer.)

Copyright of Migración y Desarrollo is the property of Red Internacional de Migracion y Desarrollo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the events underwent by the indigenous community of Mezcala when the Mexican government decided to organize on the Isla de Mezcala one of many celebrations of the Bicentennial of Independence. It is through the narratives of comuneros and young supporters that the institutional networks of power and various governmental actions that allowed the material and symbolic appropriation of the celebrations are unmasked. Likewise, this article proposes to highlight the complexity and connection (global-national-local) of the networks of power and to show the negotiation points opened where different visions of 'development' are confronted that further outline community projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the recognition of cultural diversity in Mexico in the mid-1990s, legislative reforms on indigenous issues, including justice, began to take place in different areas. This article presents the case of the Indigenous Court established by the Superior Court of the state of Puebla in the municipality of Cuetzalan, a region mostly inhabited by indigenous Nahua people, hence the interest in showing the impact of government measures on local cultural practices and values. I analyze interlegal relations based on the everyday experience of the court, focusing both on bureaucratization and on the procedures for conflict resolution. I thus open up the debate on the legitimacy of writing over orality, showing the importance of the dynamics of attention as an arena of dispute between indigenous legal systems and the justice administered by the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some political practices of indigenous education in the jungle valleys of Ocosingo in Chiapas are analyzed here from a sociological approach. The Zapatista experience of autonomy demonstrates a profound questioning of the educational policies of the nation-state. Education projects in indigenous peoples from Zapatista municipalities challenge the institutionalized practices of the dominant actors in this field in Mexico and in the Latin American context as one of the struggles of indigenous peoples to change the norms of educational policy. Furthermore, the Zapatista experience in the region of recovered land from the Lacandon Jungle questions the limitations of the national project of theories and practices inherited from the Mexican indigenismo. Today, those are immersed in the discourses of neoliberal multiculturalism that tend to avoid the social issue of political autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays there is an international tendency to recognize the collective rights of indigenous peoples, especially land rights and the right to protect the environment. Some Latin American countries have made significant progress in this regard with the constitutional recognition of the possession and legal character of indigenous peoples in their territories. This has not yet been possible in Mexico, where there is a lack of recognition of land ownership, as well as of the rights to use and access natural resources found there, creating legal uncertainty and negatively impacting the possibilities for protection, preservation, and legal defense of the environment by indigenous peoples. This article analyzes the right of indigenous people to respect for the integrity and preservation of their natural environment as well as their right to natural resources. This last element forms the basis for this analysis, in the understanding that environmental protection by indigenous peoples is intimately linked to the defense of their land as well as to the recognition of their right to that land and to the conservation of the resources found there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the human drama of displacement and the historical relationship between economic inequalities and rural migration in Nayarit, Mexico. It shows how during the 1940s indigenous peoples, in particular, were excluded from receiving agricultural subsidies for the cultivation of corn. The lack of subsidies spurred a massive outmigration of these communities to the Nayarit lowlands and the United States. This historical analysis will help us understand why rural Mexican workers adapted to a migrant life, which continues to this day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study traces the origins of Mexican paramilitary groups and argues that, contrary to what most of the literature on the subject implies, they do not represent a state strategy to thwart leftist groups seeking social change. Rather, they represent battles between groups of national and local-level elites with different visions of democracy and of what constitutes good governance. The polarization inherent in this type of conflict leads local actors to have to side with one faction of elites or the other. The presence of radical leftist groups in recently colonized indigenous areas with scant state presence gives rise to a process of radicalization among local elites. There are multiple factors that explain the emergence of paramilitary groups. Aside from the post Cold War international context, there were national factors like a shift in its focus away from security matters between 1989 and 1993, and presidential policies between 1968 and 1993, that planted the seeds of leftist radicalism in a context of rapid modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Mexico and in other parts of Latin America, a large overlap can be observed between indigenous territories and regions of high biological value. In this paper, we ask if the same overlap can be observed in the state of Jalisco, in western Mexico. To answer this question, we start with a succinct analysis of the two main indigenous regions in rural Jalisco: the Huichol Sierra in the northern part of the state and the Sierra of Manantlán, in the southern part. Then, we extend our analysis to the state in its entirety in order to measure the overlap between indigenous territories that have been "desindianized" and regions of high biological value. This is done by comparing the municipalities that contain agrarian centers designated as "indigenous communities" and the municipalities that areas officially recognized for their ecological importance. A high correlation between these two variables is observed, leading to the question "why". A series of hypotheses is developed and these are contrasted with empirical evidence through a case study of the ejido of Ayotitlán, in the Sierra of Manantlán. Although different forms of environmental degradation can be observed in Ayotitlán, it continues to be one of the best conserved territories in the state of Jalisco, with high levels of biodiversity. This is due, not only to its isolation, but also to the way in which the indigenous inhabitants have interacted with the environment and because of their activism in defense of their territory and natural resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze the problems that indigenous of Mexico find into the access to the existing legal system which in addition are strange for them, and contradict their own bases as a model apparently equal and fair. On the contrary State law discriminates and marginalized social subjects whose cultural characteristics are multiple and diverse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the legislation surrounding land tenure of the Coca Indians on the island of Mezcala, Mexico, beginning in the 1970s. The effects of the legislation are discussed with respect to the agrarian nature of the Coca society, their communal lands and their ethnic identity as indigenous peoples. The rights of the Coca people to self-govern and own land during this time are analyzed with attention to the globalizing effect on the island's residents and the redefinition of indigenous identity.

Notwithstanding widespread legal recognition and titling of indigenous lands in Latin America, sweeping neoliberal property regime reforms are quietly changing communal tenure and resource use patterns. Indigenous communities in Mexico have had lands rights in the form of ejidos and comunidades agrarias, "social properties" that are held collectively regardless of ethnicity. These territories have undergone tremendous changes through a national land certification program called PROCEDE. We combined census and cadastral data for the Huasteca Potosina region into a geographic information system to analyze land tenure outcomes at a regional scale. Relative to non-native communities, indigenous communities have tended to resist privatization. Nonetheless, many Teenek, Nahua and other indigenous communities have partitioned their communal lands, leading to the further fragmentation of what was once a large, contiguous cultural region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an ethnographic study of collective memory, cultural identity, and the traditional music of woodwind ensembles on the Tarasco plains of Mexico. It explains that the study was carried out through interviews with members of wind ensembles from the town of Tingambato in the state of Michoacán, Mexico as well as with teachers, students, and radio broadcasters in other population centers on the plains. The article shows how Tarasco Indian communities build cultural identity regarding their past and present through traditional music.

Copyright of Desacatos is the property of Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropologia Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biocultural diversity is a concept that has been assimilated in a variety of scenarios, from conservative ecology to indigenous peoples. Its objective is to show the complex link between culture and nature. In this essay it is suggested that biocultural diversity should be orientated by critical environmentalism like political ecology so it can be placed in a context of constant critical analysis and be able to integrate theoretical mediations that show the complex environmental problem that indigenous people face. In this case, the study is based on the comcáac people, better known as "seris", who have lived for thousands of years in the Central Coast of Sonora's desert in Mexico. This essay is organized in three sections: 1. Origins of biocultural diversity; 2. Political ecology and ontological dualism and 3. Environmental issues in the comcáac people. In conclusion, biocultural diversity will only reach ethical legitimacy when it becomes a part of the Indigenous movements, which can be seen as an opportunity to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout most of the 20th century, radio has contributed to spreading a nationalistic discourse in the process of Mexico's state formation. In the Yucatan, three governmental radio stations now broadcast in Maya, use an iconography that resembles that used by official nationalism, and have a closer and more direct contact with the indigenous population than any other medium in history. The radio stations seem to muster everything needed to reproduce the official discourse easily. However, an iconographic analysis of the images projected by the radio stations and interviews with the creators of the iconography reveal that only part of the official nationalist discourse is accepted, while another part is adapted, reinvented, and questioned... in one word, negotiated. Although the radio stations belong to the government, they promote a Mayan rather than a Mexican mestizo identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]