Search

Objective: To analyze Mexico's ability to satisfy its domestic demand for protein-rich food items, by means of its own productive potential, from the onset of NAFTA. Methodology: Estimation of a self-sufficiency ratio by product, unit-root tests, and linear regression. Results: Mexico exhibits average self-sufficiency levels between 0.85 to 1.15 in meat of cattle, barley, and whole milk powder, with positive trend; meat of chickens and hen eggs show levels within the same range, but with negative trend. Items such as oats, meat of pig, corn, and wheat present self-sufficiency levels below 0.85, with an erosive trend. Finally, items like rye and beans show a stationary behavior around a mean value (0.28 y 0.93, respectively). Limitations: Some items do not have complete observations; fish and shellfish are omitted from the study; differences in quality, relative prices, or item variety are not considered as the causes of imports; the effect of the exchange rate on imports is not considered. Conclusions: The focus of attention of the public debate should be on securing the stability of the protein supply, more in line with the sustainable development goals, rather than aiming at self-sufficiency by product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the fiscal incentives and public financing destined to the promotion of Workers' Cooperatives in Mexico, as well as the participation of cooperatives in activities that may represent transgressions to the fiscal and labor laws of our country. The results show that the economic crisis of the 1980s forced a change in the economic model and cooperatives were relegated from public policies. The relationship with the State fractured again in 2013 when cooperative companies were accused of fraudulent operations to avoid paying federal taxes, as a consequence, special taxation regimes were eliminated and public financing was reduced. However, the information published by the country's administrative authorities does not provide evidence to ensure that in the last 11 years the cooperative organizations have constituted a risk factor for federal public finances and the labor stability of workers. This research applies a mixed method, which means the combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods and techniques. In the first case, the hypothetical-deductive method is used, and in the second, grounded theory and hermeneutic triangulation. The data come from the tax agency's web page and direct consultation with the institute responsible for providing public information to citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The editorial article "Gender Animation" highlights the growing trend of adult animation directed, starring, or written by women. Several veterans of artistic animation are mentioned, such as Florence Miailhe, Isabel Herguera, and Michaela Pavlátová, who have managed to bring their personal poetics to feature film format. The work of Carmen Córdoba, a computer engineer who tells stories through animation, is also highlighted, mentioning her short film "Roberto" and her upcoming project "Amarradas". In addition, research content on female filmmakers in Spain and Mexico is included, as well as analysis on the representation of the female body in animation. On the other hand, it is mentioned that the short film "El limpiaparabrisas" directed by Alberto Mielgo and produced by Leo Sánchez was the only Spanish winner at the 2021 Oscars in the category of "Best Animated Short Film", being the first animated film directed by a Spaniard to win this award. The film "Flee" by Danish filmmaker Jonas Poher Rasmussen is also highlighted, receiving three nominations at the 2021 Oscars in the categories of "Best Documentary", "Best Animated Film", and "Best International Film". [Extracted from the article]

This work analyzes not only the use of Classical antiquity sources present in American chronicles, especially those dedicated to the Mexican conquest, but also the appearance of a series of military aphorisms, that at its core were a show of a military ideology typically found during the transition between the Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance. This confirms how the figure of Hernán Cortés resembles the other great generals from the Classical world; all models of the "perfect general" and, at the same time, how he is ennobled since his conquest is considered unparalleled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Latitude is correlated with environmental components that determine the distribution of biodiversity. In combination with geographic factors, latitude‐associated environmental variables are expected to influence speciation, but empirical evidence on how those factors interplay is scarce. We evaluated the genetic and environmental variation among populations in the pair of sister species Dioon sonorense–D. vovidesii, two cycads distributed along a latitudinal environmental gradient in northwestern Mexico, to reveal their demographic histories and the environmental factors involved in their divergence. Using genome‐wide loci data, we determined the species delimitation, estimated the gene flow, and compared multiple demographic scenarios of divergence. Also, we estimated the variation of climatic variables among populations and used ecological niche models to test niche overlap between species. The effect of geographic and environmental variables on the genetic variation among populations was evaluated using linear models. Our results suggest the existence of a widespread ancestral population that split into the two species ~829 ky ago. The geographic delimitation along the environmental gradient occurs in the absence of major geographic barriers, near the 28th parallel north, where a zonation of environmental seasonality exists. The northern species, D. vovidesii, occurs in more seasonal environments but retains the same niche of the southern species, D. sonorense. The genetic variation throughout populations cannot be solely explained by stochastic processes; the latitudinal‐associated seasonality has been an additive factor that strengthened the species divergence. This study represents an example of how speciation can be achieved by the effect of the latitude‐associated factors on the genetic divergence among populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Niche conservatism is the tendency of lineages to retain the same niche as their ancestors. It constrains biological groups and prevents ecological divergence. However, theory predicts that niche conservatism can hinder gene flow, strengthen drift and increase local adaptation: does it mean that it also can facilitate speciation? Why does this happen? We aim to answer these questions.We examined the variation of chloroplast DNA, genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms, morphological traits and environmental variables across the Dioon merolae cycad populations. We tested geographical structure, scenarios of demographic history, and niche conservatism between population groups.Lineage divergence is associated with the presence of a geographical barrier consisting of unsuitable habitats for cycads. There is a clear genetic and morphological distinction between the geographical groups, suggesting allopatric divergence. However, even in contrasting available environmental conditions, groups retain their ancestral niche, supporting niche conservatism.Niche conservatism is a process that can promote speciation. In D. merolae, lineage divergence occurred because unsuitable habitats represented a barrier against gene flow, incurring populations to experience isolated demographic histories and disparate environmental conditions. This study explains why cycads, despite their ancient lineage origin and biological stasis, have been able to diversify into modern ecosystems worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied species diversity and genetic variation among populations of Brevipalpus mites from four species of citrus host plants. We sampled mites on orange, lime, grapefruit and mandarin trees from orchards at six localities distributed in the five most important citrus producing states in Mexico. Genetic variation among citrus host plants and localities were assessed by analysis of nucleotide sequence data from fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). Both Brevipalpus yothersi and B. californicus were found at these sites, and B. yothersi was the most abundant species found on all citrus species and in all localities sampled. B. californicus was found mainly on orange and mandarin and only in two of the states sampled. AMOVA and haplotype network analyses revealed no correlation between B. yothersi genetic population structure and geographical origin or citrus host plant species. Considering that a previous study reported greater genetic diversity in B. yothersi populations from Brazil than we observed in Mexico, we discuss the possibility that the Mexican populations may have originated in the southern region of America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted from July 2004 to July 2005 in the Sierra de Juarez, in northern Chihuahua. This mountainous area is located west of Ciudad Juarez, is geographically isolated, by both natural features and anthropogenic influence. The objectives were to determine the richness and diversity of amphibians and reptiles along an altitudinal gradient and thus contribute to a better understanding of their spatial distribution and abundance. Five hundred and eleven individuals of 16 species were recorded in 52 samplings. Ecological and environmental conditions that reveal the current status of this fauna and their potential use as indicators of disturbance are described. Knowledge of our study community is urgent, given the dynamic that is beginning to show by invasions and changes being made in the Sierra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ra Ximhai is the property of Universidad Autonoma Indigena de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia Mexicana is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Display omitted] • Nuclear 3RAD data unveils a complex diversification history in Sphenarium. • Mitochondrial and nuclear introgression was found in a number of species pairs. • The genome-wide nuclear data supported the existence of four undescribed species. • A complex introgression history was found for the genus in the Tehuantepec Isthmus. Speciation with gene flow often leads to ambiguous phylogenetic reconstructions, reticulate patterns of relatedness and conflicting nuclear versus mitochondrial (mt) lineages. Here we employed a fragment of the COI mtDNA gene and nuclear genome-wide data (3RAD) to assess the diversification history of Sphenarium , an orthopteran genus of great economic importance in Mexico that is presumed to have experienced hybridisation events in some of its species. We carried out separate phylogenetic analyses to evaluate the existence of mito-nuclear discordance in the species relationships, and also assessed the genomic diversity and population genomic structure and investigated the existence of interspecific introgression and species limits of the taxa involved based on the nuclear dataset. The species delineation analyses discriminated all the currently recognised species, but also supported the existence of four undescribed species. The mt and nuclear topologies had four discordant species relationships that can be explained by mt introgression, where the mt haplotypes of S. purpurascens appear to have replaced those of S. purpurascens A and B, S. variabile and S. zapotecum. Moreover, our analyses supported the existence of nuclear introgression events between four species pairs that are distributed in the Sierra Madre del Sur province in southeast Mexico, with three of them occurring in the Tehuantepec Isthmus region. Our study highlights the relevance of genomic data to address the relative importance of allopatric isolation versus gene flow in speciation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Is quantifies life quality of households in four rural villages with high marginalization in Yehualtepec, Puebla, considering objective and subjective elements, allowing to identify risk factors that can be incorporated into the agenda of the local government. Methodology: Consisted in participatory workshops and a structured survey in 72 households, with it was constructed a synthetic index of quality of life was built. Results: there were identified 40% of households survive in low quality of life conditions; the factors that explain this situation are located in the subjective and objective dimensions, that is, material, human and food security. Limitations: the work done in the southern region of the state of Puebla, addresses the situation of families in several towns in a rural municipality, with specific characteristics representative of this area of the state. It is not appropriate to try to explain the situation in all municipalities with similar characteristics. Perhaps that is a limitation of the study, however, is overcome by the proposed methodology to measure the situation, explain it and attend to, the valuable aspects of the document. Conclusions: objective factors in dietary diversity and subjective perceptions and health are factors associated with quality of life in household. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Entomopathogenic fungi diversity in sub-tropical agricultural soil was assessed. [•] Beauveria bassiana was the most abundant species and had the greatest distribution. [•] Microsatellite analysis of B. bassiana produced 29 unique haplotypes. [•] Geographical origin did not affect the haplotypes of B. bassiana. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The deficit on daily intake of protein and calories in Mexican children, probes to be extremely high in rural areas. This deficit is exacerbated by the current economic and health problems, becoming a food problem at national scale. This work examined the level of acceptability of quality protein maize (ACP) with the calculation of an acceptability index, using information from 78 producers in the southern state of Puebla, who participated in a program of the SDR, characterized by low levels of HDI and a high index of malnutrition. A questionnaire of 51 questions was applied to a sample, using simple random sampling, with a degree of confidence of 95%. It was found that a ACP maize seed is distributed with its protein attributes, but with a poor technology transfer; with an index of acceptability of 60%, which shows good acceptance to be planted by farmers. They plant it for one, two or three years, assessing its circumstances to be repeated in subsequent cycles, ignoring its protein properties. Consumption of ACP maize is incorporated as fodder for backyard animals and sporadically in the diet of the family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1993 an hematopoietic stem cell transplantation program was started at the Clínica Ruiz in Puebla, México. Ten years later, by October 2002, we had conducted 49 autologous stem cell transplants, 45 allogeneic stem cell grafts and two umbilical cord stem cell allografts. We describe herein details of the two children who were grafted with allogeneic cord blood cells from their siblings: One with homozygous beta thalassemia and the other with a refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. One patient rejected the allograft and recovered endogenous hematopoiesis whereas the other one engrafted successfully achieving a complete remission of the leukemia. Both children are alive. This is the second report of allogeneic umbilical cord blood cells transplants in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yeasts are a diverse group of fungal microorganisms that are widely used to produce fermented foods and beverages. In Mexico, open fermentations are used to obtain spirits from agave plants. Despite the prevalence of this traditional practice throughout the country, yeasts have only been isolated and studied from a limited number of distilleries. To systematically describe the diversity of yeast species from open agave fermentations, here we generate the YMX-1.0 culture collection by isolating 4524 strains from 68 sites with diverse climatic, geographical, and biological contexts. We used MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for taxonomic classification and validated a subset of the strains by ITS and D1/D2 sequencing, which also revealed two potential novel species of Saccharomycetales. Overall, the composition of yeast communities was weakly associated with local variables and types of climate, yet a core set of six species was consistently isolated from most producing regions. To explore the intraspecific variation of the yeasts from agave fermentations, we sequenced the genomes of four isolates of the nonconventional yeast Kazachstania humilis. The genomes of these four strains were substantially distinct from a European isolate of the same species, suggesting that they may belong to different populations. Our work contributes to the understanding and conservation of an open fermentation system of great cultural and economic importance, providing a valuable resource to study the biology and genetic diversity of microorganisms living at the interface of natural and human-associated environments., (© 2023 The Authors. Yeast published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Introduction: The decision to get involved in the study and practice of medicine is not easy. Within the scientific environment, achieving both professional and personal success requires a strict discipline, where effort becomes an essential part of daily life; in addition, having family support becomes crucial in order for not to lose hope when confronting the different adversities that arise during medical training., Objective: To identify families where at least two members belong to the Academia Nacional de Medicina de México (ANMM)., Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out to identify families of Mexican doctors where at least two members, consanguineous or in-laws, have been or are ANMM members through a review of 2017 ANMM Directory and personal contact with the different academics., Results: Information on 45 families belonging to the ANMM was collected., Conclusions: From this study, it is possible to show the great influence that some doctors have in their family environment, which makes the study of medicine attractive as a life project., (Copyright: © 2022 Permanyer.)