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High turnover rates in public accounting, particularly in Big 4 firms, are troublesome considering the shortage of accounting professionals. This study investigates the factors that influence the choice of career path upon graduation and the long-term career goals of accounting students in the United States (US) and Mexico. Analysis of survey data explores students' intentions to exit Big 4 public accounting. Findings suggest that US participants who desire a Big 4 career path tend to be younger, male, and less concerned with economic factors while their Mexican counterparts tend to be more concerned with growth opportunities, less concerned with social factors, and feel more external pressure. Of those students that choose Big 4 upon graduation, 33% of US (primarily male) and 44% of Mexican students (primarily female) intend to remain with a Big 4 firm. This study contributes to the discussion of diversity and the accounting profession pipeline.

Rare earth elements comprise a group of 17 chemically similar elements, which increases the difficulty of separating them by traditional methods. For this reason, hydrometallurgy has been the most used method. However, it is important to evaluate the efficiency of the leaching processes used because, in addition to depending on the operating parameters of the leaching, they also depend on the mineralogical composition of the sample. In the present work, the extraction of Ce and La contained in the ferrocarbonatite mineral from the north of Mexico was studied. For the leaching tests, several leaching agents were used (HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, and H3PO4 in different concentrations (0.5 [M], 1 [M], 1.5 [M]) and the temperature was modified to 20, 40, and 60 °C. A maximum recovery of 70% for Ce and La was obtained using HCl 1M in 4 h. The results of the kinetic study of the experiments showed that the best fitting model according to these kinetic models was the SCM controlled by a chemical reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universidad & Empresa is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mezcal is an alcoholic beverage obtained by distilling musts and juices fermented by spontaneous or cultivated microorganisms, which are extracted from ripe stems of cooked Agaves and harvested in Mexico. Both raw material and production practices differ markedly between producing regions, locations, and even factories, resulting in a very distinctive set of products. The state of Oaxaca is the top producer worldwide of mezcal, and 35,000 families are involved in the production of this aromatic alcoholic beverage. Fermentation is the most important stage of mezcal production and is performed by different yeast and bacteria. In this study, the yeast strains were isolated from fermentation containers of four mezcal factories (palenques) in Oaxaca. Taxonomic determination was verified by ITS, and an analysis of the biotechnological process through personal interviews and principal component analysis was performed. Eighteen different isolates of eight different genera (Candida, Clavispora, Meyerozyma, Metarhizium, Pichia, Saccharomyces, Torulaspora, and Yarrowia) were identified. According to the biotechnological process analysis and principal component analysis, the artisanal palenques (palenques 1, 3, and 4) are more like each other than and differ radically from palenque 2, which is where the artisanal process has changed towards technical production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Mexico, agave has a significant cultural and economic impact via its use as a raw material for producing fermented drinks. The agave plant grows in arid and nitrogen-deficient soil where it associates with fungi and bacteria to meet nutrient demands, particularly under extreme conditions of fungal growth; this community of microorganisms is called the microbiome. In the microbiome, aromatic volatile synthesis activates the defense response, resistance to abiotic stress, and plant growth. These aromatic volatiles also impact the organoleptic characteristics of fermented beverages and are produced by microorganisms during agave fermentation. This research presents the behavior of K. marxianus cultivated in the presence of extreme and deficient nitrogen concentrations. In addition, a new biological relationship between K. marxianus ITD0090 from mezcal fermentation and Bacillus tequilensis ITD-UANL-01 is reported, confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and intracellular recovery. Our results also reveal that B. tequilensis ITD-UANL-01 is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium that provides assimilable nitrogen to K. marxianus under nitrogen starvation conditions. This phenomenon allows for 144 h of viability without nitrogen. Furthermore, this is the first report of an endosymbiont of K. marxianus ITD0090 in fermentation. [Display omitted] • Kluyveromyces marxianus ITD0090 remains viable under nitrogen starvation stress for 144 h. • Bacillus tequilensis ITD-UANL-01 is the endosymbiont identified in K. marxianus ITD0090. • B. tequilensis ITD-UANL-01 can fix nitrogen and gives to K. marxianus ITD0090 assimilable nitrogen in NH 4 form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining floristic diversity in recognized biodiversity hotspots is a priority for ecosystem conservation. However, different taxonomical treatments often lead to over or underestimation of floristic diversity in species-rich groups, in particular in Tropical regions as Mesoamerica where floristic surveys are less detailed. Also, understanding the effects of climate changes on species distribution is an emerging question of conservation biology and ecological studies. Here, we used the species-rich genus Piper (Piperaceae) in Veracruz, as a model system to compare reported and actual species richness and to model their occurrence under a climate change scenario. We compared morphological characters of specimens preserved in three of the main Mexican herbaria and then applied new taxonomical treatments. We also used environmental niche models (ENMs) as implemented in Maxent to detect the effects of climate changes on species with different levels of habitat specificity and with specialized biotic interactions. We found that from a total of 108 Piper species reported in Veracruz, 80 were consistent to the new taxonomical treatments due to synonymy or misidentification. ENMs showed that the main determinants of Piper distribution are linked to temperature and precipitations depending on the species. Therefore, different species are likely to respond differently to climate changes. As expected, species with higher habitat specificity and species exhibiting specialized mutualisms are more likely to experience niche contractions. This study shows the importance of reconsidering species richness and of modelling species distribution including specialized ecological interactions as prerequisite for establishing conservation criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monkeypox (Mpox) is a zoonotic viral infection endemic to Africa, which has caused a global outbreak since April 2022. The global Mpox outbreak is related to Clade IIb. The disease has primarily affected men who have sex with men. Skin lesions are concentrated in the genital area, with lymphadenopathy as well as concurrent sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This is an observational study of adult patients with a recent development of skin lesions and systemic symptoms, which could not be explained by other diseases present. Fifty-nine PCR-positive patients with prominent skin lesions in the genital area (77.9%), inguinal lymphadenopathy (49.1%), and fever (83.0%) were included. Twenty-five (42.3%) were known to be living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and 14 of the HIV-naïve subjects (51.9%) were found to be positive during workup, totaling 39 (66.1%) patients with HIV. Eighteen patients (30.5%) had concurrent syphilis infections. It is worrisome that Mpox is present in large metropolitan areas of Mexico, but the underlying growth of cases of HIV infection and other STIs has not been well studied and should be evaluated in all at-risk adults and their contacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration to the United States from Mexico is increasing every year. Mexican immigrants tend to be poor, uninsured, monolingual Spanish speakers without adequate access to appropriate medical care. As a further barrier, many are also undocumented. This article describes a program developed to improve access to health care among Mexican immigrants in northern Colorado. The program was implemented by a migrant/community health center in rural northern Colorado based on findings from an in-depth health needs survey of the target population. The program consists of community outreach services vertically integrated into the main medical clinics, which comprise Salud Family Health Centers. A mobile unit went to nontraditional areas identified by community workers as gathering places for Mexican immigrants. Services provided included preventive health care (screening for diabetes, hypertension, mental health problems, dental problems, and HIV); education; and primary care for acute problems. Patients were referred to a health care home for ongoing care. In the first 6 months, 1,553 Mexican immigrants were seen on the mobile unit. Hypertension and psychosocial problems were the most common problems in this population. Thirty-five percent of patients who received consultation in the mobile unit have visited any of the clinics for follow-up within the following year. A community-based mobile outreach program targeted toward Mexican immigrants can be effective in uncovering medical and mental illness and in directing patients to a health care home. This is an important first step in eliminating health disparities among this population.

Premise: Habitat fragmentation negatively affects population size and mating patterns that directly affect progeny fitness and genetic diversity; however, little is known about the effects of habitat fragmentation on dioecious, wind pollinated trees. We assessed the effects of habitat fragmentation on population sex ratios, genetic diversity, gene flow, mating patterns, and early progeny vigor in the tropical dioecious tree, Brosimum alicastrum. Methods: We conducted our study in three continuous and three fragmented forest sites in a Mexican tropical dry forest. We used eight microsatellite loci to characterize the genetic diversity, gene flow via pollen distances, and mean relatedness of progeny. We compared early progeny vigor parameters of seedlings growing under greenhouse conditions. Results: Sex ratios did not deviate from 1:1 between habitat conditions except for one population in a fragmented habitat, which was female biased. The genetic diversity of adult trees and their offspring was similar in both habitat conditions. Pollen gene flow distances were similar across habitat types; however, paternity correlations were greater in fragmented than in continuous habitats. Germination rates did not differ between habitat conditions; however, progeny from fragmented habitats produced fewer leaves and had a lower foliar area, total height, and total dry biomass than progeny from continuous habitats. Conclusions: Changes in mating patterns because of habitat fragmentation have negative effects on early progeny vigor. We conclude that negative habitat fragmentation effects on mating patterns and early progeny vigor may be a serious threat to the long‐term persistence of tropical dioecious trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In P'urhépecha territory, Central Michoacán, Mexico, Indigenous revival processes have characterized in recent years by a resurgence of language reclamation projects that revendicate ethnic identity in Indigenous communities. In a country that has historically highlighted language as a marker of indigeneity, how do ethnic revindication processes tied to language emerge in communities where the Indigenous language has been entirely displaced by Spanish? This article discusses the case of Huecorio, a community of P'urhépecha descent located in Lake Pátzcuaro, where community members have engaged in language revival practices in the past 5 years. Grounded in Indigenous-based participatory research, we center our discussion on the use of the P'urhepecha language in the interrelated spheres that make up the community to demonstrate how Indigenous communities that no longer speak their heritage language are contributing to the reconfiguration of their ethno-cultural identity through language reclamation practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The ADIPOQ gene encodes a fat-derived protein hormone with a preponderant role in the homeostasis of glucose and fatty acids. However, previous association studies between ADIPOQ genetic variants and metabolic disorders have shown controversial results. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the ADIPOQ-rs2241766 polymorphism on diverse biochemical parameters (i.e., insulin resistance, atherogenic index, overweight and obesity) in an adolescent population from Mexico. Methods: A cross-sectional study with convenience sampling was carried out in 356 adolescents from Northern Mexico. They were classified by sex and BMI-z score. The biochemical parameters were measured from blood samples using conventional methods. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: In low and normal weight groups, GG carriers had a significantly higher cholesterol level (P < 0.05) than TG and TT carriers. However, there was no association between ADIPOQ-rs2241766 polymorphism and atherogenic index, overweight, or obesity. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the cholesterol levels are under the influence of the ADIPOQ-rs2241766 polymorphism in Mexican adolescents and may explain how ADIPOQ variants increase the risk of developing metabolic disorders. Nevertheless, further studies are required to rule out the influence of other genetic and non-genetic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Technological Innovation System successfully used for developing country context to evaluate the resilience of the two renewable energy technologies amid changing political context. • Mexico's renewable energy technology innovation system reveals weakening impacts from a shift in government policies. • Solar PV and geothermal technology innovation systems show resilience towards barriers set forth by changing government policies. This paper evaluates the impact of changes in Mexican energy policies on the Mexican innovation systems ability to support renewable energy technologies, through a comparative case study on geothermal and solar photovoltaic technologies. The study examines the effectiveness of government policy in each case by exploring how changes in policy have affected the development of their respective innovation systems. The analysis is facilitated by a technology innovation system framework. The main source of data is primary data from an online survey of 61 experienced energy experts in Mexico in 2019, complemented with desktop research. Results suggest that changes in government priorities have a strong influence on the development of these two technologies. The development of these technologies in Mexico is determined by their innovation systems resilience and adaptability to the changing policy landscape. Policy instruments that encourage knowledge formation serve as critical for the continued development of renewable energy technologies in Mexico. This study contributes to the literature on innovation systems in Mexico, on comparing two renewable energy technologies, and on developing countries policy and innovation contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the relationship between urinary fluoride and micronutrients intake we recruited 121 schoolchildren from San Luis Potosí. We evaluated fluoride concentrations in drinking water and urine with the ion-selective electrode method and estimated calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus intakes with a validated consumption frequency questionnaire. About 72% of the population used tap water for drinking and cooking. Fluoride concentrations were 2.36 ± 0.02 mg/L in tap water, 0.14 ± 0.04 mg/L in bottled water and 2.05 ± 0.62 mg/L in urine. Urinary fluoride was higher in children with a consumption <50% of the Recommended Daily Intake (RDI) of calcium (2.20 v/s 1.96 mg/L; p < 0.05), <50% RDI of magnesium (2.58 v/s 1.96 and 1.90 mg/L; p < 0.05) and >150% RDI of phosphorus (2.43 v/s 1.82 mg/L; p < 0.05). These data indicated that fluoride concentration in tap water is higher than bottled water and estimated micronutrients intake is related to urinary fluoride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the concordance between lymphoma diagnoses made via tissue biopsy by local pathologists and also to assess the after review of these specimens by more specialized hematopathologists. A prospective, non-interventional and multicenter study was conducted at seven sites in Mexico from January 2017 to October 2017. Eligible biopsies were sampled from patients with a previous diagnosis of lymphoma on lymph node biopsy or a diagnosis of extranodal lymphoma, with adequate amount and tissue preservation for the review analysis. The biopsy tissues reviewed by local pathologists were also reviewed by hematopathologists participating in the study. The concordance in diagnosis results was classified into three categories: diagnostic agreement, minor discrepancy and major discrepancy. Out of 111 samples received, 105 samples met the eligibility criteria and were included for full analysis. The median patient age (range) was 54 (16–94) years. A diagnostic agreement was observed in 23 (21.9%) biopsies, minor discrepancies were observed in 32 (30.5%) biopsies and major discrepancies were observed in 50 (47.6%) biopsies. Diagnostic concordance varied across the seven study sites; the rate of major discrepancies ranged from 0% to 100% and the rate of diagnostic agreement ranged from 0% to 81.8%. Out of the 105 reviewed biopsies, a total of 89 cases were diagnosed as lymphoma by hematopathologists. This study showed that major discrepancies were observed following the review by hematopathologists compared with that of the local pathologist's initial diagnosis in nearly one-half cases. In addition, there was a wide variation in the percentage of diagnostic agreements and discrepancies among different study sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem and is linked to adverse outcomes during pregnancy; the high prevalence of CKD (3-6%) in women of childbearing age is of particular relevance in emerging countries where CKD prevalence is higher and resources are limited. Although CKD is a public health problem in Mexico, there is scant information on outcomes in pregnant CKD women in this country. We report maternal-fetal outcomes in a prospective cohort of poor, CKD pregnant women, and compare results with those of pregnant women without CKD.Methods: A prospective study of pregnant CKD women referred to a public obstetrics/nephrology clinic from July 2013 to December 2017; sociodemographic and clinical data, including complications and perinatal outcomes, were recorded. CKD was defined at referral as per KDIGO guidelines; preeclampsia and superimposed preeclampsia were defined as appearance or worsening of hypertension and proteinuria. Findings were compared to official data for -Mexico and to a historic control of pregnant women without CKD who delivered at our hospital.Results: Sixty-two pregnancies in CKD patients, age 23.4 ± 5.8 years were observed; 46.8% of patients were primiparous. At referral, serum creatinine was 1.8 (1.1-3.0) mg/dL with an estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 38.1 (21.9-68.0) mL/min/1.73 m2. In half of the cases, CKD was diagnosed during pregnancy. Forty-eight pregnant women without CKD, age 27 (22-34) years, who delivered during the study period were selected as controls: 33% were primiparous, serum creatinine was 0.50 (0.4-0.6) mg/dL, and estimate glomerular filtration rate was 135 (112-174) mL/min/1.73 m2. Twenty patients needed dialysis (HD-CKD): 2 were already on dialysis, and 18 began treatment during pregnancy; 42 CKD patients did not require dialysis (non-HD CKD). After delivery, 15 patients remained dialysis dependent while 5 did not. Preeclampsia was more frequent in CKD patients in comparison to controls. In total, 93% of CKD patients and 98% of controls delivered a live baby. Prematurity was more frequent in CKD patients than controls and was higher in HD-CKD than in non-HD CKD. Birth weight was lower in CKD when compared to controls. Logistic regression showed a higher risk of preeclampsia in CKD pregnancies than in controls, but it was not affected by age, parity, CKD stage, or need for dialysis during pregnancy.Conclusions: Underserved CKD Mexican women have a high rate of adverse maternal-fetal outcomes during pregnancy. The risk may be higher in patients needing dialysis during pregnancy, many of whom remained dialysis dependent after delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a Nearctic distribution, the family Cambaridae harbors a high species richness in Mexico, which is also evident along the Pánuco River catchment. A series of surveys carried on in five populations from the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve in the State of Querétaro resulted in localizing a putative new species for science. A molecular phylogenetic study and species delimitation analyses including all the known Procambarus species from the Pánuco River catchment were conducted based on three mitochondrial genes (16S rDNA, 12S rDNA, and COI; 2,462 bp in total). Phylogeny recovered all species as monophyletic, including the populations under study. All delimitation results based on barcoding, ABGD, GMYC, bPTP, and gonopod differentiation agree in the recognition of a new taxon, to which the name Procambarus xihui sp. nov. is given, and its diagnosis and description are provided. The new species can be distinguished from the remaining species in the genus, among other characters, by a unique configuration of the terminal elements of the first pleopod of form I male, which includes a central projection lamellate, hood-like, forming a concave blade-like structure mesially directed, as well as a caudal process crest-like, mesiodistally directed, forming a lateral side of the concavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of the serum concentration of nine matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as biomarkers of spontaneous abortion.Methods: A retrospective nested cohort case-control study was carried out in Zacatecas, Mexico. MMP-1-3, MMP-7-10, and MMP-12-13 were analyzed in serum from women who had spontaneous abortion of unknown causes (n = 7), who suffered abortions attributed to urinary tract infection (n = 7) and from those with healthy pregnancies without complications (controls; n = 20). Protein profiles were determined between 11 and 13 weeks of gestation (GW) using the Bio-Plex Pro Human MMP Panel. Differences in serum MMP concentrations between the study groups and their correlation with clinical findings were evaluated statistically.Results: There were differences in serum concentrations of MMP-9 between groups of spontaneous abortion of unknown cause (13.2 ± 7.5 ng/µL), abortion attributed to urinary tract infection (11.6 ± 5.8 ng/µL) and the controls (11.8 ± 16.5 ng/µL) (p = .022). Compared with controls, higher serum concentrations of MMP-8, MMP-9, and MMP-10 were observed in the group of spontaneous abortions of unknown causes (p value < .05). A negative correlation between MMP-8 and MMP-9 and urine density was also identified (r = -0.949, p value = .0167; and r = -0.947, p = .0167).Conclusions: Elevated serum concentrations of MMP-8, MMP-9, and MMP-10 were associated and preceded by the appearance of spontaneous interruption of pregnancy of unknown causes. Our results support the hypothesis that altered MMP modulation may be related with the pathogenesis of spontaneous abortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Depression is a mood or emotional state that is characterized by feelings of sadness (i.e., a loss of interest in activities, low self-worth) for a minimum of two weeks. Executive function is a set of mental processes that are necessary for cognitive control of behavior to achieve and successfully execute a specific goal (e.g., inhibition). Researchers have reported that people with abnormal symptoms of depression (ASD) demonstrate worse executive functioning abilities (e.g., planning) compared to persons with normal symptoms of depression (NSD). Currently, there is a lack of research studies examining how depressive symptoms influence executive functioning in people that identify as Mexican. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of depression on executive functioning in a healthy Mexican Spanish speaking population. We hypothesized that participants with NSD would demonstrate better executive functioning abilities compared to participants with ASD. Participants and Methods: The sample in the present study consisted of 87 neurologically and psychologically healthy Mexican participants all residing in Mexico. Mean age was 24.71 (SD = 9.66) and 14.78 (SD = 4.50) years of education completed. Participants completed a neuropsychological battery in Spanish and were divided into two groups: NSD (n = 61) and ASD (n = 26). The Stroop Color Word Test - Color-Word (SCWT-CW) task, phonemic verbal fluency task consisting of three trials, and semantic verbal fluency task consisting of one trial were used to evaluate executive functioning. In addition, participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in Spanish to report the current level of depression. ANCOVAS, controlling for age were used to examine executive functioning performance. We used a threshold of p <.05 for statistical significance. Results: ANCOVAS revealed the NSD group outperformed the ASD group on the SCWT-CW task, p =.004, np2 =.10. We also found the NSD group outperformed the ASD group on the phonemic verbal fluency task, p =.045, np2 =.05. Finally, no significant differences were found between depression groups on the semantic verbal fluency task. Conclusions: As we predicted, the NSD group demonstrated better executive functioning abilities compared to the ASD group, except on the semantic verbal fluency task. Our data suggests that the current level of depression have a significant influence on verbal executive functioning abilities in a Spanish speaking population. Future studies with larger sample size should evaluate if current symptoms of depression influence non-verbal executive functioning abilities in a Spanish speaking Mexican population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, multidisciplinary teams were formed to develop educational content as digital videos to help in the learning process in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education. The usefulness of the web-learning tool was evaluated by surveys and tests taken by chemical engineering freshman students. The results showed that these students' scores were higher than the scores obtained by students of previous courses where the web-learning tool was not employed. On the other hand, the audience analysis indicated that the average age is 18-24 (91.2%) and the gender distribution was 54.9% male and 46.6% female from different countries (Mexico, Colombia, Spain, U.S., among others). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesquite trees are the preferred dendroenergy sources in arid and semi-arid forests. In spite of their relative importance, regional aboveground biomass (AGB) equations for mesquite trees are scarce in the scientific literature. For that reason, the aims of this study were to: (a) harvest trees and develop regional biomass equations; (b) contrast measured data with equations developed previously; and (c) test the applicability of the fitted equation for mesquite trees in the arid and semi-arid forests of the Americas. We harvested 206 new mesquite trees from arid and semi-arid forests in northern Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas) in addition to using two other previously compiled data sets from Mexico (N = 304) to develop a regional equation. To test the validity of this equation, for biomass equations reported for the rest of the country, as well as for North and South American mesquite trees, we contrasted AGB measurements with predictions of fitted equations. Statistical analysis revealed the need for a single, regional, semi-empirical equation as together the three data sets represented the variability of the aboveground biomass of mesquite trees across northern Mexico, as well as mesquite trees in America's arid and semiarid regions. Due to the large quantity of mesquite trees harvested for sampling and their variability, the regional biomass equation developed encompasses all other North and South American equations, and is representative of mesquite trees throughout the arid and semi-arid forests of the Americas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivos de Neurociencias is the property of Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Departamento de Publicaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Stroke rehabilitation in low- and middle-income countries, such as Mexico, is often hampered by lack of clinical resources and funding. To provide a cost-effective solution for comprehensive post-stroke rehabilitation that can alleviate the need for one-on-one physical or occupational therapy, in lower and upper extremities, we proposed and implemented a technology-assisted rehabilitation gymnasium in Chihuahua, Mexico. The Gymnasium for Robotic Rehabilitation (Robot Gym) consisted of low- and high-tech systems for upper and lower limb rehabilitation. Our hypothesis is that the Robot Gym can provide a cost- and labor-efficient alternative for post-stroke rehabilitation, while being more or as effective as traditional physical and occupational therapy approaches.Methods: A typical group of stroke patients was randomly allocated to an intervention (n = 10) or a control group (n = 10). The intervention group received rehabilitation using the devices in the Robot Gym, whereas the control group (n = 10) received time-matched standard care. All of the study subjects were subjected to 24 two-hour therapy sessions over a period of 6 to 8 weeks. Several clinical assessments tests for upper and lower extremities were used to evaluate motor function pre- and post-intervention. A cost analysis was done to compare the cost effectiveness for both therapies.Results: No significant differences were observed when comparing the results of the pre-intervention Mini-mental, Brunnstrom Test, and Geriatric Depression Scale Test, showing that both groups were functionally similar prior to the intervention. Although, both training groups were functionally equivalent, they had a significant age difference. The results of all of the upper extremity tests showed an improvement in function in both groups with no statistically significant differences between the groups. The Fugl-Meyer and the 10 Meters Walk lower extremity tests showed greater improvement in the intervention group compared to the control group. On the Time Up and Go Test, no statistically significant differences were observed pre- and post-intervention when comparing the control and the intervention groups. For the 6 Minute Walk Test, both groups presented a statistically significant difference pre- and post-intervention, showing progress in their performance. The robot gym therapy was more cost-effective than the traditional one-to-one therapy used during this study in that it enabled therapist to train up to 1.5 to 6 times more patients for the approximately same cost in the long term.Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the patients that received therapy using the Robot Gym had enhanced functionality in the upper extremity tests similar to patients in the control group. In the lower extremity tests, the intervention patients showed more improvement than those subjected to traditional therapy. These results support that the Robot Gym can be as effective as traditional therapy for stroke patients, presenting a more cost- and labor-efficient option for countries with scarce clinical resources and funding.Trial Registration: ISRCTN98578807 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objetive in this study is to determine the relationship between dietary patterns, BMI, type 2 diabetes mellitus family history (T2DMFH) and some lifestyle variables such as smoking and skipping breakfast in a Mexican adolescent population.Methods: Cross-sectional, observational, analytical study.Subjetcts: 14-16 years old male and female adolescents (n 373). A previously validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used and dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis (PCA). Scores for dietary patterns were categorized by tertiles.Results: Three major dietary patterns that explained 47 % of variance were found: westernized, high in protein/fat and prudent pattern. Subjects at the highest tertile of prudent pattern had lower BMI. And was also associated with less T2DMFH and less smoking habit when compared with the lowest tertile. We found a positive correlation between BMI and high scores for westernized and high in protein/fat patternConclusions: Dietary patterns of adolescents are a public health concern because there is a direct association between inadequate diet at this early age and obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and Methods: The aim of this article is to provide a narrative literature review of the ‘third gender’ phenomenon in Brazil (Travestis), India (Hijras) and Mexico (Muxes), considering the social stigma, the legal and health aspects of these identities. Results: These three groups share similar experiences of stigmatisation, marginalisation, sexual abuse, HIV infection, infringement of civil rights and harassment accessing health services. Brazil, India and Mexico public services for the third gender conditions are still very scarce and inadequate for the heavy demand from potential users. Discussion and Conclusion: Although all three countries have used legislation to promote provision of comprehensive healthcare services for third gender, there is still strong resistance to implementation of such laws and policies. Brazil, India and Mexico face a huge challenge to become countries where all human rights are respected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mexico is a source, transit, and destination country for human trafficking, where the majority of the victims fall into sexual exploitation and some of them are exploited in forced labor in agriculture, domestic service, food processing factories, construction, the informal economy, begging and vending. Mexico signed the international human trafficking treaty in 2005, the first anti-trafficking law was formulated in 2007, and again in 2012 the federal government presented a new anti-trafficking law and was reformed in 2014. This illustrates that during the last eight years there has been significant progress achieved in legislation on anti-trafficking issues, but the implementation of the law has not been observed due to dysfunctional law enforcement. Thus, in the present paper we have utilized information available at national and international level to analyze the progress achieved by the Mexican Government in tackling the human trafficking problem. Also, in this study we have examined the strengths, complementary issues as well as biases of the 2007, 2012 and 2014 anti-trafficking laws to offer recommendations to assist policies and actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a current need to develop low-cost strategies to degrade and eliminate industrially used colorants discharged into the environment. Colorants discharged into natural water streams pose various threats, including: toxicity, degradation of aesthetics and inhibiting sunlight penetration into aquatic ecosystems. Dyes and colorants usually have complex aromatic molecular structures, which make them very stable and difficult to degrade and eliminate by conventional water treatment systems. The results in this work demonstrated that heavy metal-resistant Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain UANL-001L isolated from the northeast region of Mexico produce an exopolysaccharide (EPS), during growth, which has colorant adsorption potential. The EPS produced was purified by precipitation and dialysis and was then physically and chemically characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and chemical elemental analysis. Here, the ability of the purified EPS produced to adsorb methylene blue (MB), which served as a model colorant, is studied. MB adsorption by the EPS is found to follow Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm kinetics at 25°C. Further, by calculating the Langmuir constant the adsorption capabilities of the EPS produced by the Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain UANL-001L is compared to that of other adsorbents, both, microbially produced and from agroindustrial waste. The total adsorption capacity of the EPS, from the Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain UANL-001L, was found to be two-fold greater than the best bioadsorbents reported in the literature. Finally, apart from determining which heavy metals stimulated EPS production in the strain, the optimal conditions of pH, heavy metal concentration, and rate of agitation of the growing culture for EPS production, was determined. The EPS reported here has the potential of aiding in the efficient removal of colorants both in water treatment plants and in situ in natural water streams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines how religiosity shapes the health perceptions and health-related behaviors of 50 Latina immigrants from El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico and Bolivia. Between May and August 2011, focus groups were conducted with participants representing each country of origin. Qualitative content analysis was the analytic strategy adopted in the study. The meta-theme, Religiosity Contributes to Positive Perceptions of Health and Health-Promoting Behaviors, is associated with six emerging themes: (1) Religiosity promotes a sense of personal responsibility for one's health; (2) Religiosity promotes a holistic view of health; (3) Religiosity promotes the view that health is a priority; (4) Religiosity promotes the view that health enables one to perform necessary tasks; (5) Religiosity promotes health-seeking behavior; and (6) Religiosity provides intrinsic health benefits. Findings do not follow the clear-cut dichotomy of the health locus of control model and challenge simplified notions that Latinas hold a purely external health locus of control toward their health and health care. Latinas rely on both God and themselves in managing their health and engaging in health-promoting actions, which are prompted in large part by their religiosity. Implications for culturally appropriate health communication and interventions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a discussion on purview of the immigration issue that develops through the participatory mechanisms of different institutions in the governmental, intergovernmental and civil society areas which featured prominently in the consulting, decision making and ideas-formulation processes that addressed the migratory phenomenon in Mexico (highlighting the think tank experts of migration and the FaithBased Community Organizations). A theoretical analysis of the relational conception of interagency is developed and interpreted as structurally hybrid. This analysis combines material and symbolic practices because it works as an anchor for the political strategies, and it strengthens the rhetoric of dialog, thus creating decision makers and providing imaginary models of the "integrated management of migration". The discussion presented here is complemented by examining the relation between migrants and the institution "Casa del Migrante" in Chiapas, Mexico --which provides them humanitarian aid--, and by recovering information from the study case, applied at the time of their traffic by the southern border and within the focused groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the diversity-productivity relationship in a semiarid scrubland, initially under late successional conditions and subsequently under early successional conditions created by experimental clearing, to explore the roles that productivity and stochastic mortality play in species exclusion in this environment. A total of fifteen plots were studied by measuring environmental conditions and biomass components of shrubs and seedlings. These stands were distributed along a productivity gradient across five different landforms. A hypothesis about the stochastic self-thinning mortality model along the gradient was evaluated with the diversity-productivity-environment data. The diversity-productivity relationship was linear and reversed between the early and late succession stages. The hypothesis of stochastic mortality of species exclusion was rejected in the early stages of succession and partially accepted in the mature stage of succession. Species exclusion was negatively related to productivity gradients, suggesting that strong interspecific competition occurs in high productivity plots and that a larger number of species can survive in higher abiotic stress landscapes. Further research is needed to understand the temporal and spatial variations of the ecological interactions that shape this plant community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To examine predictors of health care service utilization in Mexico or any other country in Latin America among the US Hispanic population. Methods. This study used data from the 2007 Pew Hispanic Healthcare Survey, a nationally representative survey of 4013 Hispanic adults. Using the Behavioral Model of Health Service Use (BMHSU) model, we examined three levels of predictive factors: (1) predisposing characteristics (e.g., language proficiency), (2) enabling resources (e.g., health insurance status), and (3) need (e.g., self-perceived health status). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to predict odds of seeking health care services in Mexico or any other country in Latin America. Results. As hypothesized, lack of continuous health insurance coverage, perceived lack of quality health care, and low English proficiency increased the likelihood of seeking health care in Mexico or any other Latin American country among US Hispanic adults. Self-reported health status and usual source of care, however, were not significant predictors. Conclusions. Hispanic immigrants face critical access gaps to health care in the United States. Implications for closing the access gap for this population are discussed within the context of health care system reform and immigration reform in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the factors influencing and hampering the consolidation of a legal framework for stem cell (SC) science in Mexico. Based on interview data from seven key stakeholders who can potentially influence future policy or legislation for emerging technologies in Mexico, this paper identifies pivotal topics that are presently shaping the political, regulatory, religious, and bioethical debates on the issue. It is acknowledged that there is a clear need for a broader and lengthier public discussion of the ethical and legal concerns involved in SC science. However, given the enduring conflict between scientifically minded, religious and political stakeholders, it remains uncertain whether such clarity and robust debate will be forthcoming, making it unlikely that a national regulatory framework for SC cell research will be adopted in Mexico in the short-to-medium term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews an important period in the use of cryptographic methods in Mexican History, the Mexican Revolution from 1910-1916. As is the case in any civil war, there were many groups in conflict. Among several leaders in the Mexican Revolution, it is worth mentioning Porfirio Diaz, Francisco I. Madero and Venustiano Carranza. They represent three main groups which used characteristic cryptographic methods. In this paper, we describe some of the methods used by these groups during the Mexican Revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medical research has not been able to establish whether a father's occupational exposures are associated with the development of acute leukemia (AL) in their offspring. The studies conducted have weaknesses that have generated a misclassification of such exposure. Occupations and exposures to substances associated with childhood cancer are not very frequently encountered in the general population; thus, the reported risks are both inconsistent and inaccurate. In this study, to assess exposure we used a new method, an exposure index, which took into consideration the industrial branch, specific position, use of protective equipment, substances at work, degree of contact with such substances, and time of exposure. This index allowed us to obtain a grade, which permitted the identification of individuals according to their level of exposure to known or potentially carcinogenic agents that are not necessarily specifically identified as risk factors for leukemia. The aim of this study was to determine the association between a father's occupational exposure to carcinogenic agents and the presence of AL in their offspring. Methods: From 1999 to 2000, a case-control study was performed with 193 children who reside in Mexico City and had been diagnosed with AL. The initial sample-size calculation was 150 children per group, assessed with an expected odds ratio (OR) of three and a minimum exposure frequency of 15.8%. These children were matched by age, sex, and institution with 193 pediatric surgical patients at secondary-care hospitals. A questionnaire was used to determine each child's background and the characteristics of the father's occupation(s). In order to determine the level of exposure to carcinogenic agents, a previously validated exposure index (occupational exposure index, OEI) was used. The consistency and validity of the index were assessed by a questionnaire comparison, the sensory recognition of the work area, and an expert's opinion. Results: The adjusted ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 1.69 (0.98, 2.92) during the preconception period; 1.98 (1.13, 3.45) during the index pregnancy; 2.11 (1.17, 3.78) during breastfeeding period; 2.17 (1.28, 3.66) after birth; and 2.06 (1.24, 3.42) for global exposure. Conclusion: This is the first study in which an OEI was used to assess a father's occupational exposure to carcinogenic agents as a risk factor for the development of childhood AL in his offspring. From our results, we conclude that children whose fathers have been exposed to a high level of carcinogenic agents seem to have a greater risk of developing acute leukemia. However, confounding factors cannot be disregarded due to an incomplete control for confounding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the art of the Mexican artist, Maria Izquierdo during the period when the conditions were fraught with political, social, and artistic fervor in Mexico. The article mentions that the most important theme of the paintings of Izquierdo was that of circus with mysterious imagery. The circus paintings of Izquierdo including Equilibrista, Caballista del circo, Bailarina ecuestre and Los Caballistas Lolita y Juanita are discussed. The article reports that the woman characters portrayed by Izquierdo are independent, with asense of psychological isolation and seem to promote the right of women to social emancipation.

Simple Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the consistency of different methodologies and sources of information used to estimate inbreeding coefficients in small populations by analyzing the correlation between them in the Holstein population of Mexico and to choose the best option in order to aid breeding programs to improve the productive traits of Holstein cattle in small-specialized populations. This study aimed to identify inbreeding coefficient (F) estimators useful for improvement programs in a small Holstein population through the evaluation of different methodologies in the Mexican Holstein population. F was estimated as follows: (a) from pedigree information (Fped); (b) through runs of homozygosity (Froh); (c) from the number of observed and expected homozygotic SNP in the individuals (Fgeno); (d) through the genomic relationship matrix (Fmg). The study included information from 4277 animals with pedigree records and 100,806 SNP. The average and standard deviation values of F were 3.11 ± 2.30 for Fped, −0.02 ± 3.55 for Fgeno, 2.77 ± 0.71 for Froh and 3.03 ± 3.05 for Fmg. The correlations between coefficients varied from 0.30 between Fped and Froh, to 0.96 between Fgeno and Fmg. Differences in the level of inbreeding among the parent's country of origin were found regardless of the method used. The correlations among genomic inbreeding coefficients were high; however, they were low with Fped, so further research on this topic is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Mexico. Here, we aimed to report incidence rates (IR) of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged apparently-healthy Mexican adults, identify risk factors associated to ID and develop a predictive model for ID in a high-risk population. Methods: Prospective 3-year observational cohort, comprised of apparently-healthy adults from urban settings of central Mexico in whom demographic, anthropometric and biochemical data was collected. We evaluated risk factors for ID using Cox proportional hazard regression and developed predictive models for ID. Results: We included 7636 participants of whom 6144 completed follow-up. We observed 331 ID cases (IR: 21.9 per 1000 person-years, 95%CI 21.37–22.47). Risk factors for ID included family history of diabetes, age, abdominal obesity, waist-height ratio, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), HOMA2-IR and metabolic syndrome. Early-onset ID was also high (IR 14.77 per 1000 person-years, 95%CI 14.21–15.35), and risk factors included HOMA-IR and IFG. Our ID predictive model included age, hypertriglyceridemia, IFG, hypertension and abdominal obesity as predictors (Dxy = 0.487, c-statistic = 0.741) and had higher predictive accuracy compared to FINDRISC and Cambridge risk scores. Conclusions: ID in apparently healthy middle-aged Mexican adults is currently at an alarming rate. The constructed models can be implemented to predict diabetes risk and represent the largest prospective effort for the study metabolic diseases in Latin-American population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2 cryptic species of Euwallacea nr. fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) have more than 300 known hosts, of which avocado is the most important. Fusarium dieback, the fungal disease associated with these beetles, has killed some host plant species in Israel and the USA. Kuroshio shot hole borer, one of the 2 cryptic species, is reported for the first time in Baja California, Mexico, and represents a new threat to avocado and other potential hosts in urban and natural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the Visual Spatial Relationship and Processing Speed of students in first and tenth semesters of Architecture and Law of the Autonomous University of Aguascalientes. Methods: The PMA (Primary Mental Abilities) test was implemented for Visual Spatial Relationship and Processing Speed to 80 students. Results: Architecture students have better-developed Visual Spatial Relationship and Processing Speed than Law students. Architecture students in the tenth semester showed better results than those in the first semester. The t-test showed that there is a statistically significant difference of Visual Spatial Relationship (p=0.03) and Processing Speed between the students of Architecture and Law (p=0.00). Conclusion: The students of Architecture presented a better performance in Visual Spatial Relationship and Processing Speed throughout their university studies in comparison to Law students. Students of Architecture and Law develop VSR and PS throughout their career. At the beginning of each career, both VSR and PS are equally developed in students. Considering VSR as a quality index for professional practice, it is evident that it is an important ability for the architect. Without a doubt, VSR and PS are significant abilities in Architecture and law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El tomate de cáscara (Physalis philadelphica Lam) es un cultivo importante en México. Una de las principales limitantes fitosanitarias que afectan y reducen el rendimiento son los trips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), que dañan los tejidos, desprenden parte del tejido celular de hoja y flor, y en ataques severos los botones florales no abren y se secan prematuramente. Algunas especies son vectores del virus de la marchitez manchada del tomate (TSWV). Para su control se ha utilizado control quimico y biológico. Una posible alternativa es el uso de arreglos espaciales combinados con plantas atrayentes o repelentes como el cempaxóchitl (Tagetes erecta L.). Se evaluó la dinámica poblacional de trips en monocultivo de T. erecta y en asociación con P. philadelphica en tres tipos de arreglos espaciales en dos localidades de Valle de Toluca. Los resultados indicaron que la mayor densidad poblacional de trips se presentó en T. erecta en monocultivo, por arriba de la densidad determinada en P. philadelphica en monocultivo o en arreglo espacial asociado, durante todo el ciclo agrícola. Esto produjo mayor rendimiento de tomate de cáscara con el uso de arreglos espaciales respecto al monocultivo. Por lo que se concluye que T. erecta tiene una cualidad adicional como planta atrayente natural de trips durante todas las etapas fenológicas de vida de la planta. Tomatillo (Physalis philadelphica Lam) is native to the Americas, and thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) are one of its main phytosanitary problems. These insects reduce yields by damaging photosynthetic capacity of leaves. Severe infestations also lead to floral buds remaining closed and drying prematurely. Thrips are generally controlled using synthetic insecticides and biological control. A possible additional measure of control is the use of spatial arrangements in combination with attractive or repellent plants, such as the Mexican marigold (Tagetes erecta L.). We evaluated the population dynamics of thrips on T. erecta and P. philadelphica in monoculture and in association with each other in three spatial arrangements in two localities in the Toluca Valley. Thrips abundance was greatest in T. erecta monoculture, significantly more than in P. philadelphica in monoculture, or in any of the spatial arrangements. All spatial arrangements had greater tomatillo yield compared to monoculture. We conclude that T. erecta acts as a natural attractant plant for thrips during all phenological stages of the life of the plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Introduction: obesity often leads to deregulation and disrupting of the function of adipokines, which leads to various altered conditions, including metabolic syndrome (MetS). Adiponectin is one of the main adipokines secreted by adipocytes. The ADIPQ gene polymorphism rs266729 (-11377 C>G) is significantly associated with metabolic alterations related to obesity in different populations. Mexico has a high prevalence of obesity and risk factors associated with MetS. We investigated the association of the ADIPQ gene polymorphism rs266729 (-11377 C>G) with MetS in a Mexican population of western Mexico. Methods: a total of 101 MetS patients and 70 unrelated healthy subjects were genotyped for ADIPQ polymorphism rs266729 using the restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Results: we found a higher frequency of the minor allele G in MetS patients, as compared to that observed in the control group (OR = 2.17; 95 % CI, 1.26-3.70; p = 0.003). Also, the GG genotype was significantly associated with MetS risk under codominant (OR = 4.0; 95 % CI, 1.32-11.71; p = 0.014), dominant (OR = 2.16; 95 % CI, 1.12-4.03; p = 0.018), and recessive (OR = 3.33; 95 % CI, 1.14-9.45; p = 0.033) genetic models. Conclusion: our findings suggest that the minor allele G in the ADIPQ gene polymorphism rs266729 constitutes a risk factor for the development of MetS in a Mexican population of western Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current 3-generation (N = 204 families), 3-year longitudinal study examined the intergenerational transmission of cultural socialization among Mexican-origin young mothers and their own mothers (i.e., children's grandmothers) and, in turn, whether young mothers' cultural socialization informed their children's developmental competencies (i.e., interactive play with peers, receptive language, and internalizing and externalizing problem behavior) one year later. Results indicated that mediation was significant, such that grandmother-mother cultural socialization, when children were 3 years old, informed greater mother-child cultural socialization when children were 4 years old, which, in turn, informed children's greater receptive language and interactive play with peers when children were 5 years old. Findings highlight the importance of intergenerational cultural socialization on young children's developmental competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delirium has important etiological, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. The study of neurochemical markers in this condition is relevant to the understanding of its pathophysiology. The assessment of the dopamine system is particularly relevant, as dopamine antagonists are the most used drugs in delirium. To analyze neurotransmission markers in patients with delirium, focusing in the dopamine metabolite, homovanillic acid. A case-control study was performed at the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico, including hospitalized patients in which lumbar puncture was obtained for diagnostic purposes. Cases were selected if they fulfilled DSM-5 criteria for delirium. Age-paired controls were patients in which delirium was ruled out, selected at the same clinical scenario, during the same period. Neurological and systemic diagnoses were registered. Delirium was assessed using the DRS-98-R instrument. The dopamine metabolite, homovanillic acid (HVA), was measured by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. Other neurotransmission markers were also measured (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, glutamate, aspartate, GABA, glycine, arginine, citrulline, nitrites, and nitrates). A logistic regression model was used to determine pathogenic factors associated with the presence of delirium. 68 neurological patients with delirium and 68 patients without delirium were included. Higher homovanillic acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid were significantly associated with delirium. This result was significant after a subanalysis in patients without exposure to antipsychotics. Male gender and autoimmune limbic encephalitis were also associated with the presence of delirium. In hospitalized neurological patients, dopaminergic hyperactivity and autoimmune limbic encephalitis are pathogenic factors associated with the presence of delirium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Oysters Crassostrea gigas were placed at water supply canals of three shrimp farms in Guasave, Mexico where WSSV outbreaks occur. Animals were sampled through April–August and September–December to detect WSSV DNA. By using three different PCR protocols, only oysters from a farm undergoing a WSSV outbreak were found WSSV-positive in gills and digestive gland. Two WSSV amplicons were sequenced and they corresponded over 99% to WSSV genome segments. Results showed that oysters can capture WSSV particles suspended in water. Susceptibility of oysters to WSSV infection and their role as a carrier remain to be determined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]