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The 'sustainable' coffee industry has experienced steady expansion in recent decades, due to the emerging demand and values of consumers. Coffee corporations have invested in this market segment, participating in multi-stakeholder initiatives through which they seek to control the definitions of sustainability and to secure the supply chain. After highlighting the ambiguity of the concept of sustainability, the article analyzes the impacts of the 4C code of conduct adopted by Nestlé, in the context of Mexico's growing coffee crisis. It highlights the existing dissonance between the sustainability proclaimed by the code of conduct and the reality in the coffee producing regions of Mexico where Nestlé sources 4C certified coffee. It concludes that the application of this code is far from adhering to the values of economic, social, and environmental sustainability that it claims to defend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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English Abstract: The city of Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico, is characterized by its tourism activity due to the tourist attractions it offers. The objective of this research is to determine the level of sustainability according to urban, environmental, fiscal, and tourism dimensions. The research methodology consists of results obtained from the model for measuring sustainability and quality of life for tourist cities, through secondary and primary data, and through an exploratory study on a sample of 416 inhabitants of the city of Cancun, Quintana Roo. The results show that Cancun has areas for improvement to contribute to sustainability. Spanish Abstract: La ciudad de Cancún, Quintana Roo, México, se caracteriza por su actividad turística, debido a los atractivos turísticos que ofrece. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar el nivel de sostenibilidad de las dimensiones urbana, ambiental, fiscal y turística. La metodología de investigación son los resultados obtenidos a partir del modelo de medición de la sostenibilidad y calidad de vida para ciudades turísticas, a través de datos secundarios y primarios, mediante un estudio exploratorio a una muestra de 416 habitantes de la ciudad de Cancún, Q. Roo. Los resultados arrojan que Cancún tiene áreas de mejora para coadyuvar a la sostenibilidad. English Abstract: The city of Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico, is characterized by its tourism activity due to the tourist attractions it offers. The objective of this research is to determine the level of sustainability according to urban, environmental, fiscal, and tourism dimensions. The research methodology consists of results obtained from the model for measuring sustainability and quality of life for tourist cities, through secondary and primary data, and through an exploratory study on a sample of 416 inhabitants of the city of Cancun, Quintana Roo. The results show that Cancun has areas for improvement to contribute to sustainability. Spanish Abstract: La ciudad de Cancún, Quintana Roo, México, se caracteriza por su actividad turística, debido a los atractivos turísticos que ofrece. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar el nivel de sostenibilidad de las dimensiones urbana, ambiental, fiscal y turística. La metodología de investigación son los resultados obtenidos a partir del modelo de medición de la sostenibilidad y calidad de vida para ciudades turísticas, a través de datos secundarios y primarios, mediante un estudio exploratorio a una muestra de 416 habitantes de la ciudad de Cancún, Q. Roo. Los resultados arrojan que Cancún tiene áreas de mejora para coadyuvar a la sostenibilidad. French Abstract: La ville de Cancun, au Quintana Roo, Mexique, se caractérise par son activité touristique, en raison des aĴ ractions qu'elle offre dans ce domaine. L'objectif de cette recherche est de déterminer le niveau de durabilité des dimensions urbaine, environnementale, fiscale et touristique. La méthodologie s'appuie sur les résultats obtenus à partir d'un modèle de mesure de la durabilité et de la qualité de vie des villes touristiques obtenu à travers des données secondaires et primaires pour une étude exploratoire d'un échantillon de 416 habitants de la ville de Cancun. Les résultats montrent que Cancun présente des domaines à améliorer pour contribuer à la durabilité. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article assesses the implementation and performance of Local Agenda 21 (LA21) in Mexico over a decade (2004-2013). Official records of municipal evaluations from all 31 Mexican states were analyzed, comprising 39 indicators of four dimensions of sustainable development: institutional, economic, social and environmental. A positive evolution of the implementation of LA21 was observed, with the economic and social dimensions presenting the best and worst performances, respectively. In general, the local governments of northern Mexico performed be er than their southern counterparts. The voluntary nature of LA21 implementation is highlighted, yet necessitating a strengthening of municipal capacities in long-term planning, inter-administration continuity, efficacy evaluation, and integration of all sectors into a more coherent municipal agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Mexico many socioeconomic dynamics are being put in motion within rural communities, the purpose of which is to regain control over natural resources and creating Communal Forestry Companies that support an inclusive and participative type of progress. The object of the present paper is to analyse the case of San Pedro El Alto in Mexico in terms of local endogenous development, Víctor Toledo's (1996) contribution to the study sustainable communities and post-farming appropriation (Barkin y Rosas, 1996; Rosas, 2011). This study proposes a transition from subsistence agriculture to a type of production that would increase quality of life. A participative methodology was used, including semi-structured interviews to key informants and documental information. Data will be showed demonstrating that San Pedro El Alto has achieved a certain degree of development due to the creation of the Communal Forestry Company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1997, in Lagunillas, a municipality of Atemajac de Brizuela, south of Jalisco, Mexico, a Sustainable Rural Development project was put into effect via the Manejo Integral de Microcuencas (Comprehensive Management of Micro-Basins) program under the coordination of the Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua (IMTA). This intervention was based on two premises: 1) institutional attendance and the participation of the local population in the proper management of natural resources, and 2) the development of alternative means to increase production and improve the quality of life but sustaining the basin's functioning as an ecosystemic unity. The following paper presents parts of the results compiled in the authors' PhD theses worked out from February 2004 to January 2007, where they analyze the experience of Lagunillas in order to document the sustainable rural development practices therein implemented, particularly those aspects which have to do with the participatory processes of the local inhabitants, the lessons learned, and the pending challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1997, in Lagunillas, a municipality of Atemajac de Brizuela, south of Jalisco, Mexico, a Sustainable Rural Development project was put into effect via the program Manejo Integral de Microcuencas (Comprehensive Management of Micro-Basins) under the coordination of the Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua (IMTA). This intervention was based on two premises: 1) institutional attendance and the participation of the local population in the proper management of natural resources, and 2) the development of alternative means to increase production and improve the quality of life but sustaining the basin's functioning as an ecosystemic unity. The following paper presents parts of the results compiled in the authors' PhD theses worked out from February 2004 to January 2007, where they analyze the experience of Lagunillas in order to document the sustainable rural development practices therein implemented, particularly those aspects which have to do with the participative processes of the local inhabitants, the lessons learned, and the pending challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]