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The present study analyses the psychometric properties of the Self-efficacy in the Sociocultural Sphere Scale in men and women university students. The overall sample consisted of 1545 subjects: 616 women and 929 men, with a mean age of 18.11 years (SD= 0.69) and 18.27 years (SD= 0.75) respectively. Psychometric analysis showed that two-factorial structure (promotion of the culture and cultural identity) was viable and adequate for both populations (men and woman) according to the established psychometric requirements when the informers are the students themselves. The results showed that factor structure, factor loadings and intercepts of the instrument could be considered invariant across groups; however, there are differences between groups for the means of factors promotion of the culture and cultural identity.

Mexico's fusion between inclusion, culture, and technology has been undervalued. Despite multiple attempts to include people with hearing loss in various cultural spaces, technology is not exploited to reach them. The objective was to design and validate a mobile application that explains a mural through a 3D animation using Lenguaje de Señas Mexicano, (Mexican Sign Language, LSM) so that people with hearing loss do not have to depend on someone to understand the information. The waterfall methodology was used, and each part was created sequentially. As a result, the acceptance of the project reflected the need for technological solutions that support the reality faced by people with hearing loss. The work shows that it is possible to contribute to the reality of those living with disabilities. This proposal is a precedent to begin studies and developments based on the day-to-day experience of the public, whose quality of life is to be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten preservice bilingual teachers went to Mexican elementary and junior high schools to gain a better understanding of immigrant students' needs. They gathered data on school structure, classroom interactions and management, and educational strategies. They found that Mexican children achieve despite disadvantaged conditions, immigrant students need a transition period, and bilingual teachers must understand immigrant students' prior educational experiences. (TD)

Copyright of Ensayos - Revista de Economía is the property of Ensayos Revista de Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the context of the health and economic crisis, indicated by the confinement and social distancing as mitigation and containment policies of the SARS CoV-2 pandemic, the expectations regarding public services are intensifying. In addition to this scenario, local elections exacerbate those expectations regarding the deterioration in the quality of the drinking water supply. The objective of the present work was to contrast a model in order to be able to discuss the findings with the state of the art. A cross-sectional, psychometric and correlational work was carried out with a selection of 100 tenants from a municipal market in central Mexico. A factorial structure was found that explained 56% of the total variance, which suggested the emergence of a common factor that would explain the synchronicity of the economic and social crises in a political crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ambiente e Água is the property of Revista Ambiente e Agua and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Ultra-small silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized by green chemistry. • Highly efficient ultra-small AgNPs for azo dyes photocatalytic degradation. • Smaller AgNPs have a higher band gap value. • Smaller AgNPs have a higher photocatalytic degradation efficiency. The presence of toxic dyes in wastewater is a serious problem for human health. In this work, the degradation of commercial azo dyes sold over-the counter in Mexico was studied, using as a photocatalyst ultra-small silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) green synthesized. For the first time, the successful green synthesis of ultra-small AgNPs using, as both reducing-stabilizing agents (RSa), the aqueous extract of Pelargonium hortorum (Phf) flower or Allium fistulosum (Afs) stem, is reported. AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopies, field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (FE-SEM-EDS), and field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM). The morphology of the AgNPs, in both cases, are spherical. AgNPs synthesized with Phf (AgNPs/Phf), which have a mode size of 2 nm (41.9%) and a bandgap of 2.38 eV, resulted in a photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 95%. On the other hand, AgNPs synthesized with Afs (AgNPs/Afs), which have a mode size of 0.6 nm (37.8%) and a bandgap of 2.43 eV, presented a photocatalytic efficiency of 100%. The photocatalytic efficiency and bandgap of the synthesized AgNPs were found to be inversely proportional to the AgNPs size; i.e. the smaller the AgNPs, the higher photocatalytic degradation, and bandgap exhibited. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this essay, the authors discuss three primary aspects of the colonial period of Sonora, Mexico. They interpret some aspects with a view towards rendering visible those whose acts and lives have been erased in historiography. They provide a critique of representations that idealize and exaggerate the dimensions of certain actors, and of manipulations of discourses concerning the past.

Bacteriophages play significant roles in the composition, diversity, and evolution of bacterial communities. Despite their importance, it remains unclear how phage diversity and phage-host interactions are spatially structured. Local adaptation may play a key role. Nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacteria, known as rhizobia, have been shown to locally adapt to domesticated common bean at its Mesoamerican and Andean sites of origin. This may affect phage-rhizobium interactions. However, knowledge about the diversity and coevolution of phages with their respective Rhizobium populations is lacking. Here, through the study of four phage-Rhizobium communities in Mexico and Argentina, we show that both phage and host diversity is spatially structured. Cross-infection experiments demonstrated that phage infection rates were higher overall in sympatric rhizobia than in allopatric rhizobia except for one Argentinean community, indicating phage local adaptation and host maladaptation. Phage-host interactions were shaped by the genetic identity and geographic origin of both the phage and the host. The phages ranged from specialists to generalists, revealing a nested network of interactions. Our results suggest a key role of local adaptation to resident host bacterial communities in shaping the phage genetic and phenotypic composition, following a similar spatial pattern of diversity and coevolution to that in the host.

Objective: Characterize homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) individuals from Iberoamerica. Approach and Results: In a cross-sectional retrospective evaluation 134 individuals with a HoFH phenotype, 71 adults (age 39.3±15.8 years, 38.0% males), and 63 children (age 8.8±4.0 years, 50.8% males) were studied. Genetic characterization was available in 129 (96%). The majority (91%) were true homozygotes (true HoFH, n=79, 43.0% children, 46.8% males) or compound heterozygotes (compound heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, n=39, 51.3% children, 46.2% males) with putative pathogenic variants in the LDLR . True HoFH due to LDLR variants had higher total ( P =0.015) and LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol ( P =0.008) compared with compound heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Children with true HoFH (n=34) tended to be diagnosed earlier ( P =0.051) and had a greater frequency of xanthomas ( P =0.016) than those with compound heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (n=20). Previous major cardiovascular events were present in 25 (48%) of 52 children (missing information in 2 cases), and in 43 (67%) of 64 adults with LDLR variants. Children who are true HoFH had higher frequency of major cardiovascular events ( P =0.02), coronary heart ( P =0.013), and aortic/supra-aortic valve diseases ( P =0.022) than compound heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. In adults, no differences were observed in major cardiovascular events according to type of LDLR variant. From 118 subjects with LDLR variants, 76 (64%) had 2 likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants. In 89 subjects with 2 LDLR variants, those with at least one null allele were younger ( P =0.003) and had a greater frequency of major cardiovascular events ( P =0.038) occurring at an earlier age ( P =0.001)., Conclusions: There was a high frequency of cardiovascular disease even in children. Phenotype and cardiovascular complications were heterogeneous and associated with the type of molecular defect.

In this work, we isolated and characterized 14 bacteriophages that infect Rhizobium etli. They were obtained from rhizosphere soil of bean plants from agricultural lands in Mexico using an enrichment method. The host range of these phages was narrow but variable within a collection of 48 R. etli strains. We obtained the complete genome sequence of nine phages. Four phages were resistant to several restriction enzymes and in vivo cloning, probably due to nucleotide modifications. The genome size of the sequenced phages varied from 43 kb to 115 kb, with a median size of ≈ 45 to 50 kb. A large proportion of open reading frames of these phage genomes (65 to 70%) consisted of hypothetical and orphan genes. The remainder encoded proteins needed for phage morphogenesis and DNA synthesis and processing, among other functions, and a minor percentage represented genes of bacterial origin. We classified these phages into four genomic types on the basis of their genomic similarity, gene content, and host range. Since there are no reports of similar sequences, we propose that these bacteriophages correspond to novel species.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-Vibrio activity of propolis collected from three different areas of the Sonoran Desert in northwestern, Mexico [Pueblo de Alamos (PAP), Ures (UP), and Caborca (CP)]. The anti-Vibrio spp. activity of Sonoran propolis was determined by the broth microdilution method. UP propolis showed the highest antibacterial activity [minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC(50))<50 μg mL(-1)] against Vibrio spp. (UP>CP>PAP). UP propolis significantly inhibited the growth of Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype Inaba (MIC(50)<50 μg mL(-1)), V. cholerae non-O1 (MIC(50)<50 μg mL(-1)), V. vulnificus (MIC(50)<50 μg mL(-1)), and V. cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa (MIC(50) 100 μg mL(-1)), in a concentration-dependent manner. The UP propolis constituents, galangin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), exhibited a potent growth inhibitory activity (MIC(50) 0.05-0.1 mmol l(-1)) against V. cholerae strains (non-O1 and serotype Ogawa). The strong anti-Vibrio activity of Sonoran propolis and some of its chemical constituents (galangin and CAPE) support further studies on the clinical applications of this natural bee product against different Vibrio spp., mainly V. cholerae.

Background: Following the announcement of the Influenza A(H1N1) pandemic by the World Health Organization in April 2009, a surveillance program was carried out in Chile to detect the introduction of the virus in the country and to monitor its propagation and impact., Aim: To describe the onset of the outbreak and the genetic characterization of the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in the first detected cases in Chile., Material and Methods: Analysis of18 clinical samples coming from suspicious patients, received in a National Reference Laboratory. RNA reverse transcription and real time influenza gene DNA amplification was carried out in a 7500 Fast and Step One Real Time PCR Systems of Applied Biosystems and MxPro-Mx3000P thermocycler from Stratagene. Super Script III Platinum One-Step Quantitative RT-PCR was used., Results: The virus was first detected in three persons returning from the Dominican Republic via Panamá and a child from the east zone of Santiago. Genetic characterization of the virus showed that the child was infected by a different variant of the pandemic virus than the three persons returning from the Caribbean., Conclusions: The onset of the Influenza outbreak in Chile apparently carne from two different epidemiological groups. The spread of the virus detected in the voyagers was limited immediately However the virus of the fourth case was found in different regions of Chile.

Insertion sequences (IS) are mobile genetic elements that are distributed in many prokaryotes. In particular, in the genomes of the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria collectively known as rhizobia, IS are fairly abundant in plasmids or chromosomal islands that carry the genes needed for symbiosis. Here, we report an analysis of the distribution and genetic conservation of the IS found in the genome of Rhizobium etli CFN42 in a collection of 87 Rhizobium strains belonging to populations with different geographical origins. We used PCR to generate presence/absence profiles of the 39 IS found in R. etli CFN42 and evaluated whether the IS were located in consistent genomic contexts. We found that the IS from the symbiotic plasmid were frequently present in the analyzed strains, whereas the chromosomal IS were observed less frequently. We then examined the evolutionary dynamics of these strains based on a population genetic analysis of two chromosomal housekeeping genes (glyA and dnaB) and three symbiotic sequences (nodC and the two IS elements). Our results indicate that the IS contained within the symbiotic plasmid have a higher degree of genomic context conservation, lower nucleotide diversity and genetic differentiation, and fewer recombination events than the chromosomal housekeeping genes. These results suggest that the R. etli populations diverged recently in Mexico, that the symbiotic plasmid also had a recent origin, and that the IS elements have undergone a process of cyclic infection and expansion.