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When undocumented immigrant parents are deported from the United States, they must decide whether or not to take their U.S.-born and undocumented immigrant children with them, often to countries the children have never visited or know little about. Other parents do not wait to be deported by the government and decide to relocate to their home countries with or without their children. Both sets of families experience relocation but under different circumstances. These differences deserve exploration to understand the psychological and emotional effects on children's well-being. In this cross-sectional study, we explored differences in self-concept, internalizing and externalizing behaviors, as well as the perception of the home, school, and neighborhood contexts of 178 U.S. citizen children (USCC) whose parents returned to Mexico forcibly and voluntarily. Through snowball sampling, we recruited the sample from two bordering Mexican states, Michoacán and the State of Mexico. Significant estimated marginal mean differences in internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, unhappiness, as well as parent–child conflict and support were found between USCC who relocated due to a parental deportation and those USCC whose parents relocated to Mexico voluntarily. Implications for clinicians in Mexico and the United States include recognizing the reasons, timing, decisions, events, and contexts of relocation. Findings can help inform immigration policies, practices, and future research. Public Policy Relevance Statement: Immigration enforcement should contemplate the impact on U.S. Citizen Children (USCC). Parental deportation proceedings should consider USCC's mental health, Spanish language proficiency, Mexican cultural affinity, years of residency in the United States, and support networks in the parent's country of origin when making determinations in removal hearings. In addition, deportation proceedings should allow transitional time to help the family relocate in a more planned way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This work aims to analyze the relationship between value added tax (VAT) and economic growth in China and Mexico for the period 1991-2021. This research uses the gross domestic product (GDP) as the dependent variable, for the independent variables this research uses VAT and tax revenue. The test results indicated that for China there is a strong and positive relationship between GDP and VAT, as for Mexico the relationship although positive is not strong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hereditary cancer syndromes (HCS) are genetic diseases with an increased risk of developing cancer. This research describes the implementation of a cancer prevention model, genetic counseling, and germline variants testing in an oncologic center in Mexico. A total of 315 patients received genetic counseling, genetic testing was offered, and 205 individuals were tested for HCS. In 6 years, 131 (63.90%) probands and 74 (36.09%) relatives were tested. Among the probands, we found that 85 (63.9%) had at least one germline variant. We identified founder mutations in BRCA1 and a novel variant in APC that led to the creation of an in-house detection process for the whole family. The most frequent syndrome was hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) (41 cases with BRCA1 germline variants in most of the cases), followed by eight cases of hereditary non-polyposic cancer syndrome (HNPCC or Lynch syndrome) (with MLH1 as the primarily responsible gene), and other high cancer risk syndromes. Genetic counseling in HCS is still a global challenge. Multigene panels are an essential tool to detect the variants frequency. Our program has a high detection rate of probands with HCS and pathogenic variants (40%), compared with other reports that detect 10% in other populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen and phosphorous loading drives eutrophication of aquatic systems. Lakes and reservoirs are often effective N and P sinks, but the variability of their biogeochemical dynamics is still poorly documented, particularly in tropical systems. To contribute to the extending of information on tropical reservoirs and to increase the insight on the factors affecting N and P cycling in aquatic ecosystems, we here report on a long-term N and P mass balance (2003–2018) in Valle de Bravo, Mexico, which showed that this tropical eutrophic reservoir lake acts as a net sink of N (−41.7 g N m−2 y−1) and P (−2.7 g P m−2 y−1), mainly occurring through net sedimentation, equivalent to 181% and 68% of their respective loading (23.0 g N m−2 y−1 and 4.2 g P m−2 y−1). The N mass balance also showed that the Valle de Bravo reservoir has a high net N atmospheric influx (31.6 g N m−2 y−1), which was 1.3 times the external load and likely dominated by N2 fixation. P flux was driven mainly by external load, while in the case of N, net fixation also contributed. During a period of high water level fluctuations, the net N atmospheric flux decreased by 50% compared to high level years. Our results outlining water regulation can be used as a useful management tool of water bodies, by decreasing anoxic conditions and net atmospheric fluxes, either through decreasing nitrogen fixation and/or promoting denitrification and other microbial processes that alleviate the N load. These findings also sustain the usefulness of long-term mass balances to assess biogeochemical dynamics and its variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Family Process is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RAN - Revista Academia & Negocios is the property of RAN - Revista Academia & Negocios, Universidad de Concepcion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cahiers Agriculture is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The worldwide regulations protect sea turtles, nevertheless, the illicit consumption of their by‐products keeps them as endangered species. In Mexico, its meat is used illegally to prepare food and in recent years this has caused a huge problem for control agencies. Analytical methods used for species detection in food are affected due to changes in the protein structure or degradation of DNA after heat treatment. The present work aimed to use a mini‐barcode based on the COI gene (MBCOI) and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for sea turtle identification in processed foods. The MBCOI‐qPCR showed high specificity without any cross‐reactions, the limit of detection was 1 pg using processed turtle DNA with a PCR efficiency of 101.9%. This study demonstrated the ability to estimate up to 1% of processed sea turtles, which could be considered as a tool to stop the illegal trade and consumption of sea turtles. Novelty impact statement: Sea turtles are endangered species however their meat is consumed illegally in Mexico in a dish known as sea turtle soup. This study presents the development of a novel method combining a mini‐barcode and real‐time polymerase chain reaction capable to detect and estimate sea turtles in processed foods. Our results suggest that the method described herein could be an important tool to detect those involved in the illegal consumption and protect sea turtle species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a highly infectious disease in members of the Equidae family, caused by equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). The disease severity ranges from subclinical to acute or chronic, and causes significant economic losses in the equine industry worldwide. Serologic tests for detection of EIAV infection have some concerns given the prolonged seroconversion time. Therefore, molecular methods are needed to improve surveillance programs for this disease. We attempted detection of EIAV in 6 clinical and 42 non-clinical horses in Nuevo Leon State, Mexico, using the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test for antibody detection, and nested and hemi-nested PCR for detection of proviral DNA. We found that 6 of 6, 5 of 6, and 6 of 6 clinical horses were positive by AGID, nested PCR, and hemi-nested PCR, respectively, whereas 0 of 42, 1 of 42, and 9 of 42 non-clinical horses were positive by these tests, respectively. BLAST analysis of the 203-bp 5′-LTR/ tat segment of PCR product revealed 83–93% identity with EIAV isolates in GenBank and reference strains from other countries. By phylogenetic analysis, our Mexican samples were grouped in a different clade than other sequences reported worldwide, indicating that the LRT/ tat region represents an important target for the detection of non-clinical horses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Perturbation of water surface is explored to improve single-slope solar still production. • Air bubbles injection produces surface ripples increasing evaporative area. • The overall evaporative mass transfer coefficient is enhanced. • Experimental results show a yield increase of 12% in perturbed solar still. • Experimental results are processed in a mathematical model. Solar still water production enhancement was measured in experimental single-slope basin-type solar stills (BTSS) by perturbing the water surface of the still. The perturbation is achieved by the injection of air bubbles into the water basin, which produces surface ripples, thus increasing the overall evaporative surface area and stimulating the mass transfer coefficient. Overall, distilled water production is therefore enhanced as the evaporation improves. The position and flowrate of the air bubble injectors do not seem to affect the amount of evaporation increase. Two very low-tilt covered, shallow BTSS were operated simultaneously side by side. Only one of them was subjected to mass transfer enhancement, in order to produce conclusive mass transfer enhancement results. These results can be accommodated in a computer simulation program with the introduction of a simple intensification factor. Experimental work was carried out in the semi-desert, water-starved, highly insolated region of La Paz, BCS, Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to search for new strategies for biodiversity conservation. Recently, remote sensing has proven its usefulness due to the availability of presence and absence data of select species that can be modeled using different statistical designs. This research gathers data regarding the presence and absence of howler monkeys based on modeling studies, validated by sampling and field surveys. This kind of approach provides useful information that supports decision makers in their conservation efforts. The objective of this research is to identify the most robust spectral vegetation index through statistical analysis using mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata G.) as a model species, and different vegetation indices derived from satellite images. We compared certain phenological characteristics of the vegetation (leaf area index, biomass and high chlorophyll content of leaves) in the canopy of cocoa agrosystems (Theobroma cacao L.) both with and without howler monkey presence in Tabasco, Mexico. Data on the presence and absence of the species was obtained from agrosystems. Landsat-5 TM images of the agrosystem regions were used to calculate various vegetation indices. Statistical analysis software (SAS) was used to calculate statistically significant differences. A complete random design and two statistical models were applied - standard distances and Student's t-test - to compare the accuracy of vegetation indices. The Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI) had the greatest spectral separability and statistically significant difference on sites with and without the presence of the species in cocoa agrosystems. These indices could be taken as useful variables to predict habitats potentially suitable for the species in support of decision makers, and thus apply conservation efforts for primates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we focus on the developmental contexts of middle childhood and early adolescence to explore the lives of citizen-children living with undocumented Mexican parents. We draw on the concept of belonging to highlight the distinct situation of citizen-children and the ways in which they come to understand their place in a world. To capture the experiences of citizen-children born to undocumented Mexican immigrant parents and their sense of belonging to place and community, we conducted in-depth interviews with 83 citizen-children in late childhood and early adolescence in three groups. One group of citizen-children lived in Mexico after their parents' deportation. Another group remained in the U.S. after parents were detained or deported. The third group did not have a parent in deportation proceedings. Qualitative analyses of children's recorded interviews revealed their experiences of discovery of parents' undocumented status; political, social and material exclusion; and rupture of family ties. Children were keenly aware that birthright citizenship afforded them numerous privileges unavailable to their parents, but that it did not extend to the very privilege, they valued most: an intact family. The loss of parents through detention or deportation forced some children to consider existential questions about who they were and where they belonged, sometimes pitting family members against one another. Our findings suggest that belonging is intimately tied to broader forces of legal persecution that go beyond individualized notions of illegality and have deep, possibly lasting psychological effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background There is a critical need to document the mental health effects of immigration policies and practices on children vulnerable to parental deportation. Few studies capture the differential experiences produced by U.S. citizen-children's encounters with immigration enforcement, much less in ways that analyse mental health outcomes alongside the psychosocial contexts within which those outcomes arise. Methods We explore the psychosocial dimensions of depression in U.S. citizen-children with undocumented Mexican parents to examine differences between citizen-children affected and not affected by parental deportation. An exploratory mixed-method design was used to integrate a quantitative measure of depression symptoms (CDI-2) within qualitative data collected with 48 citizen-children aged 8 to 15 with and without experiences of parental deportation. Results Stressors elicited by citizen-children in the qualitative interview included an inability to communicate with friends, negative perceptions of Mexico, financial struggles, loss of supportive school networks, stressed relation with parent(s) and violence. Fifty percent of citizen-children with probable depression - regardless of experiences with parental deportation - cited 'stressed relation with parents,' compared to 9% without depression. In contrast, themes of 'loss of supportive school network' and 'violence' were mentioned almost exclusively by citizen-children with probable depression and affected by parental deportation. Conclusions While citizen-children who suffer parental deportation experience the most severe consequences associated with immigration enforcement, our findings also suggest that the burden of mental health issues extends to those children concomitantly affected by immigration enforcement policies that target their undocumented parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In immigration enforcement, many undocumented immigrants with children are often detained and deported. But it is their US-born citizen-children that have been overlooked in immigration debates and enforcement policies and practices. Citizen-children are at risk for negative psychological outcomes when families are fractured and destabilized by arrest, detention, and deportation. The children risk being torn from their parents and, often, their undocumented siblings. To add to the small but growing empirical base on the effects of living under the threat of deportation and actual deportation of parents, we compared the psychological status of three groups of citizen-children: (1) a group living in Mexico with their deported parents; (2) a group in the US with parents affected by detention or deportation; and (3) a comparison group of citizen-children whose undocumented parents were not affected by detention or deportation. We compared children on self-report and parent-report measures of behavioral adjustment, depression, anxiety, and self-concept. Across the three groups we found elevated levels of distress, and differences between children who had experienced a parent's detention or deportation and those who had not. We discuss findings in the context of children's clinical needs, future research, and implications for immigration enforcement policy and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work shows the results of a first study aimed at determining the elemental composition in airborne particulate matter (in fine and coarse particle size fractions). It was collected at the Atmospheric Monitoring Station in the Municipality of Centro Habana, using the Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique. At present, there is no information available about elemental contents in airborne particulate matter from this region. For this study, we carried out a sampling campaign during five months (November 14, 2006 to April 19, 2007). The samples were collected every second day during 24 h under an air flux of 20 l/min. The air sampler used was a Gent Sampler equipped with a Stacked Filter Unit (SFU) system which allows the aerosol collection in both size fractions simultaneously. A total of 144 aerosol samples were collected (72 correspond to the fine mass particle and 72 to the coarse mass particle). For PIXE analysis, the samples were irradiated by 2.0 MeV energy protons from the 2 MV Tandetron Accelerator from the Laboratory of PIXE analysis at ININ, Mexico. A total of 14 elements (S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br and Pb) were consistently detected in both of particle size fractions with minimum detection limits in the range of 110 ng/m³ . The quantitative results obtained from PIXE elemental analysis for mass of particles in both fractions have revealed important information that has been used in a first attempt to understand and characterize the atmospheric pollution in this area. A general discussion about these results is presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Port of Ensenada, Baja California, is one of the most important in the Pacific coast of Mexico. It has experienced an increase of the anthropogenic activities in the last decades, which together with its limited circulation, has brought about possible changes in the physiochemical characteristics of its waters. The main objective of the present work is the spatial and seasonal characterization of the physiochemical parameters of the waters of the port to install a Wave Energy Pump System (SIBEO). The investigation was carried out in 18 stations, with a quarterly frequency and the parameters were: temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (ammonium, nitrates + nitrites, phosphates and silicates), chlorophyll "a" and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results indicated that the thermohaline structure of the port was similar to that of the Bay of Todos Santos and it was associated to seasonal cycles, with the highest temperatures in summer (22 °C) and lowest in autumn (16 °C). The spatial and seasonal distribution of nutrients and organic matter was due to several factors, that is: waste disposal, resuspension of sediments and existence of cyclonal turns in front of the jetties of cruises and containers. Particularly, in November, the hypoxic conditions (<3 ml/L) and the highest contents in ammonium (19.0 µM), nitrates + nitrites (3.1 µM), phosphates (2.8 µM), silicates (12 µM) and DQO (28 mgO2/L) in the northern area, reflected a bigger to smaller gradient from the northern area toward the mouth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar distillation is a practical alternative for freshwater production in arid zones where seawater is abundant. The attractiveness of this approach resides in the simplicity of the solar still, equipment used to produce saline-free water for drinking, intensive agriculture, domestic use and other purposes. A solar still is an apparatus exposed to solar radiation that consists essentially of a basin with a solar collector where saline water is deposited and covered with a transparent inclined glass plate. The system operates as a greenhouse where the heated seawater evaporates and condensates on the inner surface of the cover. The distillate yield is collected in an external container. A research group in Mexico has been working for years doing research on the process of freshwater production with solar stills. Various research aspects have been addressed, among which are mathematical modeling of the physical phenomenon, practical research by building solar stills with different geometries and sizes, and the proposal of a process for mass-production manufacturing of solar stills with technology innovations. This paper is an overview of some of the most relevant results obtained by these research efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pathogenic variants (PVs) of BRCA genes entail a lifetime risk of developing breast cancer in 50-85% of carriers. Their prevalence in different populations has been previously reported. However, there is scarce information regarding the most common PVs of these genes in Latin-Americans. This study identified BRCA1 and BRCA2 PV frequency in a high-risk female population from Northeastern Mexico and determined the association of these mutations with the patients' clinical and pathological characteristics.Methods: Women were divided into three groups: aged ≤ 40 years at diagnosis and/or risk factors for hereditary breast cancer (n = 101), aged > 50 years with sporadic breast cancer (n = 22), and healthy women (n = 72). Their DNA was obtained from peripheral blood samples and the variants were examined by next-generation sequencing with Ion AmpliSeq BRCA1 and BRCA2 Panel using next-generation sequencing.Results: PVs were detected in 13.8% group 1 patients (BRCA1, 12 patients; BRCA2, 2 patients). Only two patients in group 2 and none in group 3 exhibited BRCA1 PVs. Variants of uncertain significance were reported in 15.8% patients (n = 16). In group 1, patients with the triple-negative subtype, PV frequency was 40% (12/30). Breast cancer prevalence in young women examined in this study was higher than that reported by the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology (15.5% vs. 5.5%, respectively).Conclusions: The detected BRCA1 and BRCA2 PV frequency was similar to that reported in other populations. Our results indicate that clinical data should be evaluated before genetic testing and highly recommend genetic testing in patients with the triple-negative subtype and other clinical aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioenergy around the world has proved to be a feasible strategy in terms of environmental, social and economic advantages for the development of our society. Nevertheless, in low- and middle-income countries, wood is the most traditional common biomass resource. At the same time, there is a wide variety of residues from industry processing that can be valorized. In recent years, oil palm production in Mexico has increased significantly; giving rise to the establishment of extraction plants whose process focuses mostly on oil extraction, disregarding solid by-products. The lack of proper management of these residues impacts the environment by piling up without control, open burning or left on the ground. For these reasons, this study aimed to assess the bioenergy potential and identify the most feasible technologies for the sustainable use of oil palm residues. Oil palm residues (fruit fiber, palm kernel shells and empty fruit bunches) were characterized by proximate analysis, calorific value and energy dispersive spectroscopy. A weighted decision matrix was designed to weigh the biomass conversion technologies considering sustainability criteria (environmental, technical, economic and social). As a result, a biomass and energy potential of 33,416 t y−1 and 564.05 TJ y−1 were calculated for Tabasco palm oil sector. Pelletization of residue for thermal applications, followed by anaerobic digestion turned out to be the most feasible technologies for oil palm residue according to the regional context. An opportunity for pellet production from these residues was observed; this could be an alternative to substitute fuel wood and promotes modern bioenergy applications. Image 1 • Oil palm residues can offer bioenergy opportunities in southern Mexico. • The weighted decision matrix can be an accessible tool for technical feasibility analysis. • Pelletization and anaerobic digestion result the most feasible technology for OPR. • Rural communities could meet their energy needs from utilizing oil palm residues. • Opportunities for management plants and certification programs were revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemoglobin D-Los Angeles is a frequent variant in India and common in European countries with strong cultural links with India. It is rather infrequent in the United States, and only five Mexican families have been described. Objective: To describe the biochemical and molecular findings of an additional Mexican family with HbD. Material and methods: Eleven members of an affected family were studied by routine red cell flow cytometry and hemoglobin electrophoresis. Molecular confirmation of the variant was performed by DNA sequencing of the beta-globin gene. Seven RFLP sites within the p-globin gene cluster were analyzed to construct the beta-globin haplotypes. Results: Five members of the family were found to be heterozygous for hemoglobin D-Los Angeles. All of them were asymptomatic, beta-globin haplotypes revealed that the mutation is associated to + + + haplotype. Conclusions: The finding of this new Mexican family with hemoglobin D-Los Angeles suggests that the mutant might be more frequent than thought in the Mexican population, however, its low prevalence in comparison with that of other variants stresses its rare occurrence. Since the observed beta-globin haplotype is the same as that reported in other Mexican families, a single origin of HbD in Mexico can be inferred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bean plants from the Phaseolus genus are widely consumed and represent a nitrogen source for human nutrition. They provide biological fertilization by establishing root nodule symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. To establish a successful interaction, bean plants and their symbiotic bacteria need to synchronize a proper molecular crosstalk. Within the Phaseolus genus, P. vulgaris has been the prominent species to study nodulation with Rhizobium symbionts. However the Phaseolus genus comprises diverse species whose symbionts have not been analyzed. Here we identified and studied nodule bacteria from representative Phaseolus species not previously analyzed and from all the described wild species related to P. vulgaris. We found Bradyrhizobium in nodules from most species representing all Phaseolus clades except in five phylogenetically related species from the P. vulgaris clade. Therefore we propose that Bradyrhizobium nodulation is common in Phaseolus and that there was a symbiont preference shift to Rhizobium nodulation in few related species. This work sets the basis to further study the genetic basis of this symbiont substitution., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)