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Objective. To investigate the role living arrangements play in the co-dynamics of socioeconomic position and health in the latter part of life. Materials and methods. Based on longitudinal data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS), latent class analysis (LCA) and locally weighted regressions, in this article we estimate age trajectories to examine the degree to which wealth and health-related outcomes correlate with typical living arrangement dynamics. Results. Main results suggest a complex dynamic relationship between living arrangements and social inequalities in health, with important differences by sex, unlike mortality trends as they appear to diverge with differences in wealth regardless of household structure. Conclusions. Our methodological approach provides new insights regarding the likely effect household structure play when analyzing the dynamics of social inequality. To date, this is the first longitudinal analysis to offer this kind of empirical evidence for the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the advances in the pharmacological treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the rate of surgical interventions remains high. These are typically associated with a high morbidity. The aims of the study were to assess the postoperative complications of emergency surgery in patients with IBD and to describe factors that may affect its occurrence. A case series analysis of consecutive patients who underwent emergency surgery due to inflammatory bowel disease from December 1991 and December 2020 was conducted. Sixty-five patients were included. The most common cause of surgery was intestinal perforation, and total colectomy was the most common procedure. Morbidity events occurred in 41 patients; twenty-six patients required staying in the intensive care unit, and the median length of stay was 20 days. Multivariate analysis identified the use of intraoperative vasopressors as a risk factor for perioperative morbidity, for length of stay (LOS) ≥ 14 days, and for postoperative mortality. The ROC analysis showed an intraoperative blood loss ≥ 275 mL with a sensitivity of 78.38% and specificity of 52.17% for LOS > 14 days and a platelet to lymphocyte ratio ≥ 289.93 with a sensitivity of 70.59% and specificity of 60.87% for the same outcome. Emergency surgery in IBD has a significant morbidity rate. Intraoperative vasopressor use was found as a risk factor for the development of morbid events, prolonged LOS, and postoperative mortality. Age and intraoperative blood loss, as well as the platelet to lymphocyte ratio, serve as significant categorical predictors for postoperative outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia is the property of Academia Mexicana de Neurologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article sets out to illustrate the configuration of the global export network; that is, countries' respective importance in the trade network of export production. This network has become denser due to the international fragmentation of production. This article illustrates the configuration of total and manufacturing exports, according to their technological level and those that process natural resources. The most notable changes in the composition of the core network during the study period are the rise of China to a position of prominence; the growing importance of Korea; and the loss of importance of Japan, France, Great Britain, and Italy. On the other hand, the United States and Germany continue to maintain their presence as central players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecos de Economía is the property of Universidad EAFIT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this study was to assess the personality profile of a sample of Mexican patients with migraine using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). A cross-sectional study was performed including adult migraine patients identified from the outpatient neurology clinics of two large teaching hospitals in Mexico City. Patients were asked to voluntarily participate in the study. A physician conducted a standardised diagnostic interview adhering to the criteria of the International Headache Society (IHS). Patients were interviewed and administered the TCI. We used two healthy controls groups and a third group of non-migraine pain controls. One hundred and fortytwo subjects with migraine, 108 healthy blood donors, 269 young healthy controls and 30 patients with non-migraine pain (NMP) were included in the study. Patients with migraine had higher scores in the dimension harm avoidance (HA) and all its sub-dimensions ( p<0.05) than healthy patients. Patients with non-migraine pain had high scores in HA and low scores in novelty seeking, self-directedness and cooperativeness. Blood donors had high scores in the following subdimensions: HA1, HA4 and C3 (Cooperativeness). Personality features consistent with migraine are avoidance, rigidity, reserve and obsessivity. Our study shows that patients with chronic pain share some of the personality features of patients with migraine but their TCI profile could be indicative of cluster C avoidant personality. Blood donors were shown to have more energy, with a tendency to help other people and be more optimistic. The results support serotoninergic involvement as explaining the physiopathology of migraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to identify the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a large sample of patients with migraine in Mexico City. This cross-sectional study was performed in two tertiary centers in Mexico City and affiliated hospitals. We evaluated the presence of migraine through a standardised interview according to the criteria of the International Headache Society. We studied 1147 patients. The mean age was 37.1 ± 13.6 (6-77) years. Nine hundred and twenty one patients were female (80%). The age of onset of migraine was 19.4 ± 10.3 (1-69) years. Six hundred and four patients had migraine with aura (53%) and 543 without aura (47%). The female/male ratio was 4:1. One hundred and forty-seven patients had cardiovascular problems (13%), 72 had neurological problems (6%), 233 had gastrointestinal problems (20%) and 323 had psychiatric problems (28%). In this study we described the clinical characteristics of a large sample of patients with migraine in Mexico City. Our sample has similar characteristics to other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes the community structure of a tropical pond in Mexico City, Mexico. Diversity of primary producers; Determination of the major biotic components; Abundance of protozoans.

Evidence in support for the concept of the so-called ‘siesta culture’ is not well developed and has, to date, relied largely on qualitative anthropological data. Presumably such cultures are characterized by a strong tendency for daytime naps and daytime sleepiness, phenomena which may partially represent the effects of geographic, climatic or light conditions and/or cultural influences. In this study we surveyed the nocturnal sleep habits and daytime sleep tendencies of 577 Mexican college students residing in Mexico City (19°N latitude). Results indicated a number of parallels between the reported sleep habits of these students and those reported from other cultures at latitudes far to the north (North America, Europe), such as longer sleep at the weekends, an association between snoring and daytime sleepiness and a lack of relationship between nocturnal sleep duration and the reported tendency to nap. There was some suggestion that these Mexican students may actually nap less when compared to other college student populations. Taken together, these results call into question what is meant by the concept of a ‘siesta culture’, at least in this urban, educated, upper social economic scale (SES) population, and suggest that future studies in equatorial regions be undertaken to further appreciate the role of climate, photoperiod and/or culture in the tendency for humans to nap during the day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia is the property of Academia Mexicana de Neurologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The cyst-forming protozoan parasite Neospora caninum is one of the main causes of bovine abortion worldwide and is of great economic importance in the cattle industry. Recent studies have revealed extensive genetic variation among N. caninum isolates based on multilocus microsatellite genotyping. Currently, the most extensive study reported is based on the N. caninum genotyping of 96 samples from four countries on two continents (Spain, Argentina, Germany and Scotland) that demonstrate different clusters of multilocus genotypes (MLGs) implicated in cattle abortions as well as the population sub-structuring of N. caninum, which is partially associated with the geographical origin. The aim of this study was to genotype N. caninum from aborted bovine foetuses that originated from Mexico within the region of Aguascalientes and to investigate their genetic diversity. Parasite DNA was detected in 27 out of the 63 analysed foetuses recovered from 10 different herds. Complete or nearly complete profiles based on 9 microsatellite markers were obtained from 11 samples. Diverse N. caninum MLGs were implicated in the occurrence of abortion in each herd. All of the Mexican MLGs differed from the MLGs previously determined for the Argentinean, Spanish, German and Scottish N. caninum populations. The Mexican MLGs failed to cluster by eBURST analyses. The MLG relationships using PCoA showed a close genetic relationship between the Spanish population and a portion of the Mexican population, but a more distant genetic relationship with the Argentinean genotypes. These results demonstrate the genetic diversity of N. caninum in the studied areas that differed from other populations of N. caninum around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine characteristics of Latin American (LA) productivity in spine surgery published worldwide between 2004 and 2021 compared between periods and global literature. A comprehensive search about LA productivity in the field of spine surgery using the Scopus and PubMed databases was performed in February 2022. The results were limited to articles published in indexed journals from 2004 to 2021. A total of 1447 publications were identified in the study period. The number of publications has increased across evaluated decades, with 583 between 2004 and 2013 (58.3/year) and 864 between 2014 and 2021 (108/year), and a yearly increase was demonstrated (P = 0.0001). Comparing the most productive year in the first (2012) and last decade (2020), a 1.79-fold increase was demonstrated. Brazil ranked first in productivity (51.14%), followed by Mexico (26.40%) and Argentina (8.64%). Coluna/Columna published the largest number, with 309 articles (21.35%). The top 10 institutions published at least 475 (32.82%) and the most productive was the University of Campinas (Brazil, 74). This scientometric study is one of the first regional evaluations worldwide. The number of publications in the spine surgery field in Latin America has continued to increase over evaluated decades from 58.3 per year to 108, and a 1.79-fold increase between the most productive years for each decade. Brazil is still the greatest contributor (51.14%), with Mexico (26.40%) and Argentina (8.64%) as growing contributor countries. Most publications were classified as Level of Evidence 4, and this result reflects the importance of continuous research development in the quality of research for our region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has long been associated with daytime sleepiness, far less is known about its association with the ability to remain awake. The aim of this study was to examine the relative importance of inter-correlated measures of OSA severity (eg, various indices of oxygen saturation and sleep fragmentation) in the ability to stay alert as measured objectively by the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT), defined by a mean sleep latency of ≥12 min.Methods: Seventy-eight obese women and men of similar age and body mass index living at altitude (Mexico City) underwent standard polysomnography, MWT, and completed validated sleep-related questionnaires.Results: Men had more severe sleep apnea than women (p = 0.002) and were also less alert on MWT (p = 0.022). Logistic regression models indicated that measures of desaturation consistently predicted MWT-defined alertness, whereas varied measures of sleep fragmentation did not. Nearly a third of the variance (r(2) = 0.304) in MWT-defined alertness was accounted for by the number of desaturations per hour of sleep (p = 0.003), which is considerably higher than other studies have reported in different populations.Conclusion: The ability to remain awake in obese patients is best accounted for by hypoxemia rather than sleep fragmentation. Whether the size of this effect reflects differences in the population under study (eg, extent of obesity, racial background, residence at moderate altitude) and/or is a function of the measurement of alertness with the MWT remains uncertain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]