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In tree species, inbreeding due to selfing or biparental mating may decrease offspring adaptation and growth due to inbreeding depression (ID). Degenerative effects of ID, mainly reduction in productivity and survival, are undesirable for ex-situ conservation, improvement, and environmental and commercial reforestation of tree species. The effects of ID resulting from self-fertilization and biparental inbreeding were assessed for the traits cylindrical volume and survival in juvenile individuals of Hymenaea stigonocarpa in a progeny test (0.83 ha) at 4 and 7 years of age. The progeny test was established for ex situ conservation in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, and was based on seeds collected from a wild population. Nine microsatellite loci were used to genotype 48 adult (plot = 4.3 ha) and 612 juvenile samples to determine spatial genetic structure (for adults), inbreeding, mating system, and pollen dispersal pattern. Spatial genetic structure was observed up to 82 m. Reproduction occurred mainly by outcrossing, with low rates of selfing (7.5%) and biparental inbreeding (13.2%). Mating was not random due to the fat-tail pollen dispersal pattern, resulting in high pollen immigration (70.1%) and low mean pollen dispersal distance (105 m) within the sample area. Inbreeding was observed only in juveniles, indicating selection against inbred individuals between juvenile and adult stages. The volume trait showed higher ID for biparental inbreeding (41.5–44.0%) than for self-fertilization (29.1–42.6%). Volume also showed greater ID than survival. Our results show that even low rates of selfing and biparental inbreeding can decrease the productivity of H. stigonocarpa plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Southern Amazonia is one of the less-explored regions by anuran taxonomists. We describe a small new species of snouted treefrog, genus Scinax, from this region, from a fluvial archipelago in the Juruena River, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The description is based on external morphology of adults and tadpoles, advertisement call and molecular data. The species is phylogenetically related to other snouted treefrogs of the Scinax cruentomma species group and shows the most southeastern distribution in Amazonia among its close relatives. It is distinguished from congeners mainly by its larger adult body size and bilobate vocal sac that reaches the level of the pectoral fold, a reddish-brown horizontal stripe on the iris, dark melanophores or blotches on the vocal sac and the throat of females, and the uniformly brown posterior portion of the thigh. The advertisement call comprises one pulsed note emitted at regular intervals, with a duration of 189–227 ms, 30–35 pulses/note and a dominant frequency of 2,250–2,344 Hz. The type locality is suffering several environmental impacts, including illegal mining, overfishing, unsustainable agriculture, uncontrolled logging and degradation associated with the construction of new hydroelectric dams. Further study of the biology and regional distribution of the new species is required to propose mitigation measures needed for its conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This note reports the presence of Leptodactylus paraensis at the municipality of Cláudia, state of Mato Grosso, central Brazil. This is the first recorded for this species in Mato Grosso. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We found six species of the genus Gurania that are described here as new records for the state of Mato Grosso, Central Brazil. The species of Gurania recorded here occur in the north of Mato Grosso state, Brazil in the biome recognized as "Floresta Amazônica". This is an area of southern Amazonia that has been poorly inventoried. We carried out the surveys in permanent plots using the RAPELD-PPBio system and along trails giving access to the permanent plots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]