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Introduction: The disability-adjusted life years (DALY) may provide a better indicator of the burden of disease than mortality. This study provides the estimates of both Years of Life Lost (YLL) and COVID-19 mortality in Mashhad. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Mashhad, the second-most populous city in Iran. The mortality data in the population served by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS) were extracted from the national mortality data system. In this system, all deaths in the whole of the country are recorded based on the International Classification of Diseases, tenth edition (ICD10). The data in the current study comprised all cases of death recorded in the population under the auspices of MUMS from January 21st to April 19th 2019 and 2020 which were transferred to SPSS software after sorting. The method recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) was used for the estimation of YLL. Results: The YLL per 1000 caused by COVID-19 was 1.2 years and increased with age, and was higher in men (1.6 years) compared to women (0.9 years). The incidence of COVID-19 was higher in the urban area (9.8%) compared to rural areas (4.8%). During the study period, COVID-19 was the fourth most prevalent cause of death in Mashhad after cardiovascular disease (35.4%), cancer (12.9%) and respiratory disease (10.6%). Conclusions: The YLL per 1000 caused by COVID-19 was 1.2 years, increased with age and was greater in males than in females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Perinatal asphyxia is a major cause of neurologic morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to investigate variations in nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) count per 100 white blood cells (WBC) and absolute NRBC/mm3 in blood associated with perinatal asphyxia and its relationship to both the severity and short term prognosis of asphyxia. Methods: A prospective (case-control) study was undertaken between October 2006 and December 2008, in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. A total of 91 infants completed the study. Levels of nucleated red blood cell per 100 white blood cells and absolute nucleated red blood cell counts in venous blood were compared for 42 asphyxiated (case group) and 49 normal neonates (control group). These parameters were also related to the severity of asphyxia and clinical outcome. Results: The NRBC/100 WBC and absolute nucleated red blood cell levels in the blood of newborns in the control group were 3.87±5.06 and 58.21±87.57/mm3, respectively; whereas the corresponding values in the cases were 18.63±16.63 and 634.04±1002/mm3, respectively (P<0.001). A statistically signi cant negative correlation existed between nucleated red blood cell level and indicators of the severity of perinatal asphyxia, first minute Apgar score and blood pH (P<0.001), respectively. A positive correlation was demonstrated between these parameters and severity of asphyxia, acidosis, and poor outcome (P<0.05). Conclusions: The NRBC/100 WBC and/or absolute nucleated red blood cell are simple markers for assessment of severity and early outcomes of perinatal asphyxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]