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The contents prescribed for pedagogy of English in B. Ed and D.EL. Ed courses which are compulsory for student teachers aspiring to teach English language in school are very important as these PSTE programmes are preparing teachers to cope up with any issue relating to teacher education. A lot of change has been taking place in the education system, according to which it needs to address the issues arising out of the children from different backgrounds. It is meant to strengthen the capacity of an education system to reach out to all learners ensuring a stable growth of the society. A developing society should ensure inclusive education irrespective of language, gender, and ethnicity/cultural and disability. With growing student diversity education system is witnessing a paradigm shift from conventional methodologies to innovative inclusive pedagogy practices. Addressing diverse learning needs require not only recognition of multilingualism but also realization that sign language, Braille, picture based, tactile etc. might also be used by students with special needs to express themselves and also to communicate with others. Being the Lingua Franca, English is an essential part of school curriculum in Manipur. Therefore, there is need to explore the preparedness of English language teachers to identify and take care of the language learning needs of diverse learners (Children with Special Needs, Children with Dyslexia, Children with Dysgraphia, First generation learners etc) studying together in inclusive education settings. With insufficient exposure about the diverse learners, when teacher is introduced to the different learning needs in the service, they find faults with the individual learner rather than modifying his/her pedagogy practice. Majority of English Pedagogy course of B.Ed. under Manipur University and D.El. Ed under SCERT don’t adequately prepare student teachers to be sensitive towards diverse and individual needs. While there is a unit on inclusive structure in most PSTE programs, it is evident that pedagogy paper is not updated and need to be re-evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the experiences of high school teachers in the field of pedagogy. The study considers teachers who may not have explicitly learned about or applied innovative practice in teaching English. It investigates how feasible and desirable they find the techniques and pedagogical approaches to be based on their teaching experiences in school with largely upper --middle class students, so the issue of applying pedagogical approaches with affluent students adds a dimension of interest to this study. It was generally expected that school teachers would be implementing several teaching approaches prescribed in NCF-2005 but these pedagogies were found only partially implemented by them at Elementary stage in Manipur. Probably this could be one of the main reasons that the students are not excellent in receptive skill which are emerging demand of English. Therefore, there is a need to address this issue because it may not help future careers of the children in this global market of English. After the identification of this problem, ten schools (5 Private English medium schools and 5 Government schools) were selected for our study. Among these 5 Private schools, 2 of them were convent schools. Of the 5 Government schools, one is a model school where relatively more facility has been created by the Government. In order to carry out the investigation, questionnaires were administered to the teachers of English, who are working in these ten schools; and their responses were analyzed. In addition, the Heads/Principals were also consulted by the investigator in relation to teaching/learning process, evaluation systems and their administration. We found some discrepancies in methods, approaches and techniques adopted by teachers due to which low achievement in English occurs. We assess receptive skills of the students with some of techniques which could be used as innovative practice in the classroom transaction for developing life skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perception of reproductive illness by the women themselves is important in understanding the women's reproductive health in a particular society. It also indicates the possibility of taking perception as a tool for measuring reproductive illness. Though women do not have a "germ theory" to explain their reproductive illness they have a sense of illness pathology. Reproductive illness perceived by women is related to physical symptoms and situations in a network of meanings and different meanings are socially generated to articulate their experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soon after India attained its independence from British colonial administration in 1947 the Nagas started waging an armed conflict against India to establish a sovereign independent state in Nagaland in the country's Northeast region. The conflict is today one of the world's longer running and little known armed conflicts. India's central government has tried unsuccessfully to tackle the problem through political reconciliation, use of force, and several development measures. Over the years, it has also undergone several changes in which the situation of conflict deepened whenever India's central government intervened. And yet, the road ahead also faces severe challenges because the demand for bringing the Nagas of India together into a single political entity will not go unchallenged from other ethnic groups. Moreover, a bitter leadership battle divides the Naga rebels and hence any future agreement is likely to be difficult due to factional politics as have happened in the past. Thus one way to satisfy the aspirations of different ethnic groups while protecting the boundaries of the existing states in India is to explore the option of cultural autonomy. This idea is not entirely new, but has lost significance over the years. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Some plant remains are described from the Laisong Formation (Barail Group) of Thoubal and Senapati districts of Manipur. The flora is diverse comprising gymnospermous, monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous forms and indicates tropical to subtropical climate in the vicinity of the area during the deposition of the host rocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the inclusion of wild medicinal plants of Manipur, India in the endangered list. It mentions about the importance of medicinal plants of India also informs the necessity of conserving threatened species of plants which is required for the sustainable development of the society. It further informs about several endangered species of plants of medicinal importance which are available in Manipur in Northeast India.

Relative performance of 13 tomato hybrid varieties against the fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) infestation was studied during 2010-2011. None of the varieties was found to be highly resistant. Two varieties, viz., NS-538 (Namdhari seed) and Shaktiman were least infested and classified as resistant varieties. Nine varieties viz., NS-501 (Namdhari seed), Lakshmi, Shahenshah, NS-815 (Namdhari seed), All rounder, Manithoibi, Manileima, Ms (Marglobe supreme) and American Apple were graded as moderately resistant. Two varieties viz., Dev and Manikhumnu were rated as moderately susceptible. The study indicated that the varieties as promising source of resistance may be incorporated in the integrated pest management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]