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Purpose: This paper aims to examine work design and the linkages of work design with the work-life balance of academics in higher education (HE). Design/methodology/approach: A sample of 307 academics was recruited for this study. The result was analysed using SPSS (statistical package of social science) and AMOS (analysis of moment structure) structural equation modelling (SEM). Findings: This paper discovered that high autonomy, task significance, task identity and feedback were linked to greater work-to-family enrichment (W-FE) levels amongst academics, whilst, low job autonomy, task identity and task significance were linked to high work-to-family conflict (W-FC) levels. Originality/value: This paper highlights the importance of promoting good academics' work-life balance by evaluating and improvising the academics' work design.

An autism spectrum condition is considered a lifelong condition. Affected individuals typically experience poorer psychosocial outcomes compared to non-autistic individuals. However, in Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia, research about autism spectrum conditions beyond the early childhood context is scarce, and therefore, the prevalence and psychosocial outcomes of young adults with autism spectrum conditions remain largely unknown. This study aims to explore self-reported autistic traits among university students in Malaysia, and their relation to emotion regulation, stress, self-efficacy and quality of life. Data from 2732 students revealed that 0.3% of the students reported having an autism spectrum condition diagnosis, while 2.5% reported that they suspected having an autism spectrum condition, but did not obtain a formal diagnosis. This indicates that an estimated 2.8% of students might have a diagnosed or suspected autism spectrum condition. These two categories of students were found to have poorer self-efficacy, higher perceived stress and poorer quality of life, as compared to their peers. However, these students were not significantly different from their peers in emotion regulation. Overall, the findings pointed to negative psychosocial outcomes associated with autism spectrum condition and culture-specific associations between autistic traits and psychosocial outcomes.

Purpose: Education for sustainable development (ESD) has gained significant attention, but integrating ESD into existing education systems is challenging. The study aims to explore the challenges of ESD experienced by school leaders, focusing on the context of Malaysian schools. Design/methodology/approach: The study uses a qualitative approach with a single-case study design. Eight school leaders involved in the Johor sustainable education action plan (JSEAP) were interviewed and analyzed. The study uses thematic analysis to identify the challenges and other causes associated with the implementation of ESD. Findings: This study revealed that the school leaders perceived the ESD challenges at three levels. First, restriction to the standardized curriculum (systemic); second, resistance to change (organization) and third, awareness and readiness (individual). These themes stemmed from seven primary codes that school leaders encountered throughout the JSEAP program. Research limitations/implications: This paper is limited to a case study of the chosen schools and cannot be extrapolated to a larger population. Practical implications: The study benefits school leaders and educators concerned about ESD and its role in their schools and other academics interested in ESD. Originality/value: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to investigate ESD challenges in Malaysia. The novel discovery of the three levels of ESD challenges helps readers better understand the recent phenomenon of ESD implementation and compare it to other settings.

Plagiarism has become more prevalent in higher learning institutions. Tertiary students have the tendency to commit plagiarism as a quick solution for completing their assignments, or they may unintentionally commit it because they lack awareness towards it. Curbing plagiarism amongst tertiary students is important to maintain academic integrity. Thus, the study aimed to investigate whether there were any differences between genders on awareness and attitudes towards plagiarism amongst tertiary students. The study employed a quantitative method by using a set of questionnaires as the instrument to gather the data which was distributed via the class WhatsApp groups. The sample consisted of 50 undergraduate students from Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Seremban, Malaysia, who were obtained through purposive sampling. The data collected were analysed by using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of the independent t-test demonstrated that there were no significant differences between genders on awareness and attitudes towards plagiarism. The results were also consistent when the Mann Whitney U tests were conducted. Therefore, the results suggest that being aware of plagiarism and attitudes towards plagiarism cannot be associated with gender. Consequently, higher learning institutions should educate all students regardless of gender to prevent plagiarism from occurring.

This paper explores Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) knowledge and behavioural differences of university students in the United Kingdom and Malaysia. The researchers also explore gender as an indicator of students' SDG awareness and behaviours as few studies to date have explored this area. This study employed a sustainability consciousness questionnaire (SCQ) that was developed to measure SDG knowledge based on the UNESCO framework for sustainability behaviour. Questionnaires were distributed to 156 university students in the UK and Malaysia. Malaysian university students reported higher scores for understanding SDG content and scope and the specific SDGs of their country compared to British students, although British students have been receiving formal education on SDGs. University students in the UK were also unable to transform their SDG knowledge into sustainability behaviours, although they had a certain level of understanding of the topic covered by the SDGs. Malaysian university students exhibited a closer relationship between SDG knowledge and sustainable behaviours given the sufficient institutional and policy support and customised university programs. SDG knowledge and sustainability behaviours were the same for male and female students in both countries. In conclusion, integrating SDG knowledge into university education will inevitably lead students to work towards SDG goals in the future. This can be achieved with proper planning of the university curriculum and the enforcement of educational policies.

Education based on social entrepreneurship (SE) practices is of importance at this time to shape the personality of students who are more responsible towards the surrounding environment. This SE requires high motivation from students to ensure success in education based on social entrepreneurship can be achieved. However, the factors that support the motivation for social entrepreneurship are still poorly identified, particularly in the setting of undergraduate students in Malaysia. Data were collected from 15 selected Malaysian universities involving undergraduate students who are actively involved in the Enactus program. A set of questionnaires was administered to 294 respondents online. The data analysis involved confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to measure the construct validity of the measurement model, and covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) to establish the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variables. The results revealed self-efficacy and entrepreneurship education provide a relationship in motivation toward social entrepreneurship by undergraduate students. However, social support does not relate to motivation toward social entrepreneurship. Overall, this study adds to the notion of factors that influence social entrepreneurship motivation by supplementing the literature in the areas of educational management and entrepreneurship. In practice, this study contributes significantly to the formation of government policies to further strengthen the motivation of social entrepreneurship that can enhance the community economy and local communities.

This study investigated the principals' communication styles and school culture in vocational colleges in Selangor. A total of 244 teachers involved in this study. Data was collected using Google Form due to the COVID-19 outbreak. This study adapted questionnaires known as "Principals' Communication Styles Questionnaire for Teachers" (PCSQT) and Revised School Culture Element Questionnaire (RSCEQ) and employed a correlational research design. The findings revealed that most of the dominant communication styles practiced by the principals at vocational colleges in Selangor was assertive communication style. The results also showed that the level of school culture at vocational colleges in Selangor was high based on three factors which are shared leadership and vision, collegial teaching and learning, and professional commitment. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between principals' communication styles and school culture. The results showed a moderately significant relationship between principals' communication styles and school culture at vocational colleges in Selangor. In short, when principals are proven to be good role models for teachers, it is also important to enhance on the effective communication with useful tools and application for a highly needed leadership competency to enable them to work with teachers of varying characteristics.

It is the teacher's responsibility in paying serious attention on highlighting the 21st century way of learning in transforming the education system, focusing on equipping students with communication skills, critical thinking, and collaboration skills. This 21st century learning requires suitable teaching aids to achieve the learning objectives. Online game-based learning is considered as one of the new methods, which is capable of raising students' engagement and active learning. This study aimed to obtain the pre-university students' perception on the usage of Kahoot! in enhancing their engagement and active learning in the Biology classroom. In addition, this study also aimed to identify the dominant factors that encourage students to engage in learning and facilitating sessions in order to enhance students' active learning. A quantitative research methodology using survey was implemented in this study. A total of 100 students from pre-university colleges at the northern Malaysia were involved as the sample of this study. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 24.0 to obtain descriptive analysis as well as inferential analysis. The findings indicated that the students believed that Kahoot! can attract them to participate in learning sessions and enhance the students' active learning. Students also agreed that the dominant factors that it motivates them to engage in learning and facilitate sessions, as there is a good interaction and communication between partners and teachers. Hence the findings of this study are expected to encourage teachers especially in pre-university level to integrate the usage of online game approaches such as Kahoot! in Biology subjects to enhance the students' engagement and active learning. This is in line with the needs of the current pedagogy that further stimulates the atmosphere of active learning in the classroom leading towards the revolution industry 4.0 and the 21st century learning.

This study is related to learning styles and technology; for example, the use of telegram in the laptop among Malaysian Gifted Learners (MGL) at Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara, UKM. This study aims to investigate the three research questions. The first research question, what is the visual-level of Arabic language learning- style using telegram in the laptop among MGL? Secondly, what is the auditory -level of Arabic language learning-style using telegram in the laptop among MGL? And Thirdly, what is the kinesthetic-level of Arabic language learning-style using telegram in the laptop among MGL? The results of the finding indicate the MGLs are a high-level user of visual and kinesthetic learning styles. As for the auditory-level, they are at a moderate level. This study suggests that MGLs can increase their creativity of learning when they focus on their most exciting subject if teachers can teach MGLs' subject related to technology that includes visual and kinesthetic.

CLIL approach refers to Content and Language Integrated Learning. This paper discusses the self-efficacy of Malaysian Gifted Students (MGS) at GENIUS@Pintar Negara in understanding Arabic tasks in the classroom, for example, understanding the Arabic terms in the lesson of Haji. These terms are; a) dam tertib and takdir, b) dam tertib and ta'dil, c) dam takhyir and takdir, d) dam takhyir and ta'dil. Besides, by employing the CLIL, the MGS can improve themselves because the CLIL approach encourages their self-efficacy to completely deal with the language task. The present study employs; qualitative study by using an interview, verbal report, and observation. This method is an instrument to answer two research questions. a) How the individual of MGS adapts his/ her situation to understand the four Arabic terms of the dam in Haji after undergo the three principles stages of classroom task in CLIL? b) What is the best method to memorize the four Arabic terms of the dam in Haji? In this study, three participants took part in the pilot study, and seven participants took part in the actual study. The present study revealed that the MGS in the Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara prefer to be independent learners by using the internet to understand the four Arabic terms and memorize by using keywords related to the four Arabic terms in performing Haji.

This study describes and examines the nature of mentoring system as a component of leadership development and how mentoring plays its roles in fostering leadership in higher education institutions (HEIs). Using a qualitative approach, data were collected using interviews from three participants from three Public Universities in Malaysia. Three core themes for the current mentoring practices were identified and these include informal, voluntary-based and humanistic. Also, four roles of mentoring emerged in Malaysian higher education institutions namely, role-modelling, supporting, inspiring and, creating a conducive environment. The study recommends the establishment of a proper mentoring process in Malaysian HEIs so that every academician will have the same opportunity to guide and be guided.

Dialogic discourse is said to aid the social and cognitive aspects of language learning and acquisition and students' success in second language learning is therefore largely dependent on the interactional opportunities available. Recognising the potential impact of dialogic discourse in enhancing second language acquisition amongst Malaysian students, the Malaysian Ministry of Education (MOE) provided a large-scale training on dialogic discourse to a group of lower secondary English language teachers. This study explores the perceptions of English as a second language (ESL) teachers on the role of dialogic discourse in affording students' opportunities for the construction of knowledge and investigates their practices in affording students with the opportunities to construct knowledge collectively through the discourse structure. To understand the role of dialogic discourse in affording students to construct knowledge collectively, five ESL teachers' dialogic discourse strategies were examined. A qualitative approach was employed, which comprised semi-structured interviews and classroom observations for the data collection. Two of the teachers' lessons were also examined to illustrate how dialogic discourse created opportunities for the construction of knowledge collectively which supported ESL learning through close discourse analysis of the lesson transcripts. The findings have shown that ESL teachers' use of dialogic discourse strategies facilitates the construction of knowledge collectively among the students. This study expands our current understanding of how ESL learning occurs through classroom discourse.

This study was conducted to assess the students' level of abilities in solving algebraic word problems which is a main component in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). It also aims to determine the students' difficulties in solving these problems by using Newman's Model of Error Analysis (NMEA). Furthermore, this study was conducted to investigate the attitudes of undergraduate students towards STEM and its relationship to the achievement of the test. The instruments are a test on algebraic problems and a set of questionnaire on attitudes towards STEM. The test which was validated by an expert from a university was adopted and adapted from a problem solving source. The test contained questions from one of the main areas of algebra which focused on two parts namely algebraic knowledge (AK) and algebraic knowledge in the context of science (AKCS). There were a total of 63 undergraduate mathematics education students who took part in this study. This study was carried out using the mixed-methods qualitative approach. The result showed that the majority of the students have a low level of algebraic knowledge as well as algebraic knowledge in the context of science. For the attitude towards STEM, findings displayed that the majority of the students were interested and gave positive attitude towards STEM.

Educational change, particularly change involving the adoption of educational innovations, is a complex process. In Malaysia, the significant role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in promoting digital education is reflected in the national ICT in education policy. Nevertheless, studies in the Malaysian educational context have shown that the policy implementation resulted in varying degrees of success. Through a discourse analysis approach, this paper aims to examine the research studies on large-scale initiatives introduced to digitize the Malaysian education system, from the Smart Schools program to the incorporation of the Frog Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) in the classroom. The rationale behind these top-down initiatives and how they affected the stakeholders at the micro level, namely, teachers and students, are reviewed and analyzed. The analysis informs our understanding of the factors that contribute to the successful and unsuccessful implementation of these initiatives and guide the planning of future policies.

This study aims to investigate the processes of learners' collaborative writing using Google Docs and their perceptions of the collaborative process. Twenty-four undergraduate ESL learners undertaking an academic writing course participated in this study. They were tasked with a paired writing assignment as part of the coursework. Google Docs was used by each pair in revising their drafts before they submitted the final version of their academic essay. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the qualitative phase involved conducting a textual analysis based on the drafts that the students prepared. The categories used to analyse the revisions were adapted from Kessler et al.'s (2012) analytical categories to understand the focus of learners' revisions. Students' responses to an online survey administered at the end of the course formed the quantitative data. The findings provide insights into the processes of collaborative online writing and students' perceived usefulness of Google Docs as a tool for collaboration.

University students learning remotely from various locations has initiated a unique challenge for higher education institutions (HEIs), especially in managing both teaching and students' wellbeing amidst the COVID-19 pandemic due to the increased conflicts that occur when juggling study and life demands. However, little discussion is available to understand how remote learning influences the occurrence of study-life conflicts among students and its consequence to their mental health. Little evidence is also found regarding the role of students' residency status in influencing this relationship. Hence, a study to address both shortcomings was conducted using a sample of 1005 university students in Malaysia. Findings suggested that studying remotely was related to greater occurrences of study-life conflicts, which adversely impacted the students' mental health. Overall, study-to-life conflict had a greater influence on mental health as compared to life-to-study conflict. However, residency status did not moderate the relationship between study-life conflicts and mental health, indicating that students experienced the same level of mental health issues regardless of where they were staying. The findings offer valuable insights and suggestions on how to improve remote learning practices and student wellbeing services during and post pandemic period.

The psychological wellbeing of remote-learning university students is becoming an increasing concern for educators in the COVID-19 era, due to the potential risk of conflict between academic and family/personal lives in the unusual environments they must now operate in. To determine how this conflict might influence students' psychological wellbeing, we asked 1,005 university students in Malaysia to complete two types of work/life conflict measures online; one that measured academic work interfering with family/personal lives vs. another that tapped into family/personal lives interfering with academic work. Results showed that approximately 50% of the participants encountered the first conflict, while close to 40% experienced the latter. More importantly, the results further revealed that an increased experience of the first conflict (i.e. academic work undermining family roles) predicted higher levels of stress, anxiety, depression, social dysfunction and loss of confidence, but not unhappiness, while an increased occurrence of the second type of conflict (i.e. family roles undermining academic work) was associated with elevated stress, anxiety, depression, loss of confidence and unhappiness, but not social dysfunction.

Purpose: The study explored how an underprivileged blind individual from an extremely poor family developed resilience and soft skills to thrive in life, despite challenges that could have easily hindered the development of his abilities. Methodology: This qualitative study employed the narrative inquiry method, involving responsive interviews. Experiences over a period of time were retrospectively documented via the collection of a life story from one participant who was very distinctive to the phenomenon being studied. Data analysis was carried out manually using open, thematic and longitudinal coding methods, after which interpretation was done to provide meaning to the results. Findings: Positive youth development in the participant's life may be the result of the ecological system he grew up in, supported by three synergistic protective factors: religiosity and spirituality, parental discipline, and care and support, in addition to the traumatic life-turning points he experienced. Significance: The findings provide directions for further research on the underprivileged in the Malaysian context. They would also be able to guide the government and other interested stakeholders on potential methods and initiatives to build resilience and motivation to learn soft skills so that underprivileged children will be able to thrive in life.

This conceptual paper addresses the information in developing a comprehensive listening comprehension test to profile learners' listening performance based on international standards. Listening is a fundamental skill in which students need to gain adequate proficiency for their successful in communication and academic achievement. Underpinned by tenets derived from three flagship models and approach--Socio-cognitive Framework for Developing Test of Listening by Weir, the Cognitive Processing Model by Geranpayeh and Taylor, and General Language Ability and Listening Ability Model by Rost--a framework is conceptualised. The conceptual framework clarifies the interplay of the four notions and their connections which will inform the main purpose of the study that is to develop a listening comprehension test to benchmark and profile the undergraduate students in Malaysia.

Nobody knows exactly what happened during "the lost years" of the turtles in the wild, thus a green turtle headstarting project was carried out at Pantai Pandan, Lundu, Sarawak, Malaysia from June 2014 until December 2015 to shed some lights on the growth of hatchlings during a small part of their "lost years". As a consequent, opportunity of small scale awareness campaigns on sea turtle conservation arises during this project. Activities include talk related to green turtles conservation, hands on experience on turtle-human interaction (supervised), and documentation via videography. Evaluation on the affective domain among participants on this short program was carried out based on standard structured questionnaires followed by data analysis. A total of 666 people participated in the awareness program from October 2014 to November 2015. Approximately 72.8% of participants had never seen and touched any life turtles thus this program had provided the opportunity to do so in a safe manner. Personal testimonies revealed the 21.2% respondents that have eaten turtle eggs prior to this program said that they will never eat any in the future. Upon completion of this study, participants and local people alike, showed appreciation to the existence of green turtles in Malaysian waters and are very willing to be the sea custodians in the future. A series of brief video with the duration of 2 minutes each, a manual and an information kiosk had been produced, which serves as documentation of the project and to be used in future awareness program.

Introduction: Early diagnosis of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) increases survival outcomes and quality of life while significantly minimizing healthcare burden and costs. Despite growing evidence supporting the benefits and cost-effectiveness of SCID detection through newborn screening (NBS), it has yet to be implemented in Malaysia. This study aims to explore experts’ opinions on the current status, challenges, and crucial strategies needed for the successful implementation of SCID NBS. Methodology: A guided, structured interview was employed to explore opinions on the current status, barriers, and strategies for implementing SCID NBS in Malaysia. All 13 invited experts participated in this study, indicating complete participation from the entire Malaysian immunology fraternity (consisting of eight clinical immunologists and five immunopathologists). Key findings: Several initiatives are ongoing to establish SCID NBS in Malaysia. Hindrances such as low immunologist-to-patient ratio, unequal placements of immunologists throughout Malaysia, society’s low disease awareness, national health prioritization, lack of stakeholder engagement, and inadequacy of local study/data were highlighted. Pilot research on SCID NBS, advocacy workshops, and promotion materials are among the ongoing activities outlined in the blueprint, paving the way for this nationwide NBS program to be achievable in the near future. Conclusion: This article provides recommendations to policymakers in mandating SCID NBS. Strategies by key stakeholders are underway, particularly in advocacy programs and efforts to increase awareness among clinicians and the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines common strategies that English as a Foreign language (EFL) students employ when reading English poetry. To identify the strategies, a survey was designed for data collection from TESL students. The result shows that students significantly tend to use the strategies that require their creativity to construct new ideas in the meaning making of poetry. Therefore, global strategies are the strategy that they use more than problem solving followed by support strategies. This study is an important issue to consider since reading strategies assist readers to recognize that the reading strategies help them understand poetry more effectively. As a result, it is meaningful to explore reading strategies that are used in reading poetry.

Aims: Heart failure (HF) is a growing health problem, yet there are limited data on patients with HF in Malaysia. The Malaysian Heart Failure (MY‐HF) Registry aims to gain insights into the epidemiology, aetiology, management, and outcome of Malaysian patients with HF and identify areas for improvement within the national HF services. Methods and results: The MY‐HF Registry is a 3‐year prospective, observational study comprising 2717 Malaysian patients admitted for acute HF. We report the description of baseline data at admission and outcomes of index hospitalization of these patients. The mean age was 60.2 ± 13.6 years, 66.8% were male, and 34.3% had de novo HF. Collectively, 55.7% of patients presented with New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV; ischaemic heart disease was the most frequent aetiology (63.2%). Most admissions (87.3%) occurred via the emergency department, with 13.7% of patients requiring intensive care, and of these, 21.8% needed intubation. The proportion of patients receiving guideline‐directed medical therapy increased at discharge (84.2% vs. 93.6%). The median length of stay (LOS) was 5 days, and in‐hospital mortality was 2.9%. Predictors of LOS and/or in‐hospital mortality were age, NYHA class, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and comorbid anaemia. LOS and in‐hospital mortality were similar regardless of ejection fraction. Conclusions: The MY‐HF Registry showed that the HF population in Malaysia is younger, predominantly male, and ischaemic‐driven and has good prospects with hospitalization for optimization of treatment. These findings suggest a need to reassess current clinical practice and guide resource allocation to improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a preliminary research to obtain information to formulate a problem statement for an overall study of the embedding of soft skills in the program courses in higher learning institutions. This research was conducted in the form of single case and multi-case studies. The research data was attained through mixed methods; the quantitative method by utilizing questionnaires and the qualitative method utilizing open-ended questionnaires. Qualitative data were used as supporting data in this research. This research sought to study two main issues; the readiness of lecturers and problems encountered in embedding soft skills into teachers' bachelor's degree courses in the institutes of teacher education in Malaysia. Quantitative data was processed manually to show frequency, while qualitative data was processed according to themes. Research findings indicated that a majority of lecturers are interested and ready to embed soft skills in the core courses. However, lecturers lamented about problems encountered in embedding soft skills in teaching and learning of courses even though the curriculum of the programs have been designed holistically to fulfill the needs to develop soft skills within trainee teachers.

Bullying is an issue that is difficult to be eliminated in schools. Bully activity in school is a discipline problem and may interrupt the teaching and learning process. It often receives attention from parents who are concerned that such activity can develop into fights, which can lead to serious injury or even death. The study was conducted in one secondary school in Kuala Lumpur. The case study intends to gather in depth information about bullying factors in school. The school was chosen based on the information from teachers about the existence of a relatively serious case of bullying. From in depth interviews that was conducted towards 20 students, the researcher found that bullying factors included aspects of the students personalities such as ego, irritability, revenge, fun, the influence of others and elements of racism.

Software Engineering (SE) education has been reported to fall short in producing high quality software engineers. In seeking alternative solutions, Case Method (CM) is regarded as having potential to solve the issue. CM is a teaching and learning (T&L) method that has been found to be effective in Social Science education. In principle, instructors should be guided appropriately in order to adopt CM in T&L. SE education however lacks of such guidelines. This paper addresses this concern by identifying the factors and their corresponding elements and conditions that contribute to the effective use of CM in T&L SE courses. The factors, elements and conditions were then collated as a framework in the form of a guideline. The factors, elements and conditions were gathered through a series of studies, namely a theoretical study, two surveys and two expert reviews. The theoretical study involved reviewing previous research, while the surveys were performed with five groups of students who experienced CM in learning SE courses. The students were from various education and work backgrounds. Two types of survey instruments were employed, which are questionnaire and group interviews. To form the guideline, the gathered data were analysed qualitatively using contents analysis. The guideline was then validated by two experts through expert reviews. There are four main factors that constitute the guideline of using CM in T&L SE courses: Case, Instructor, Student and Infrastructure. Each factor has its corresponding elements and conditions. The guideline is useful for SE instructors to adopt CM in T&L SE courses at their institutions.

In the philosophical sense, learning should be enjoyable, fun, dynamic and engaging with access of a lot of sources. While philosophical perspective in the context of this writing is regarded as integral to reflecting the quality of learning in connection to the listening process, it is also an inclination of practice with deep understanding without limitation on the aspect of the learning process itself. The question of traditional classroom and online learning is important in the learning process. To produce high achievers in education, it is important to find out the best type of learning that we can provide for students. It differed on the type of strategy the higher learning institution students used but the frequency of applying the strategy between the groups of traditional classroom and of online learning are the same. The result showed that students that subscribed to traditional classroom performed better than those who subscribed to online learning. This could be due to the fact that less instruction was provided by the teacher in online learning consequently causing the inability within students to perform.

It is important to consider the concepts of traditional classroom and online learning in evaluating effective learning and listening conducted in higher learning institutions. To reach the depth of both concepts, one should understand them in the philosophical point of view. Both traditional classroom and online learning play a role in the learning process. It was investigated by many researchers before and important findings had been revealed. Both play different roles. There are researchers who came out with blended learning as the solution. However, many other factors need to be considered. This study has defined several objectives to investigate the type of learning that can provide high achievement within the students and to determine whether there is any significant difference in metacognitive awareness listening strategies students used in learning listening online and learning listening in a traditional classroom. This study was conducted in Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), a local university in Negeri Sembilan. This university is located in Nilai, Negeri Sembilan. 44 students were selected (22 in control group, 22 in experimental group) from the Syariah and Law Faculty as participants of the research. From the pre-test, the student's level of proficiency was the same. After determining on what type of instruments and data analysis procedure to be used, the researcher compared the data using t-test. In listening strategies, based on the findings, there is no significant difference between two groups of approach. The students use the same strategy either online classroom or traditional classroom. It differs on the type of strategy used, but the frequency of applying the strategy between two groups is the same. Because the result showed that traditional classroom performed better result than online, it might have been something wrong with the courseware used by the teacher. The lack of instruction provided by the teacher might be why the students in online learning could not perform in the listening task.

The main aim of the present study is to build knowledge and understanding regarding the linguistic use of hedging by Malaysian speakers of English in academic spoken discourse and, more specifically, doctorate students presenting their thesis in the candidature defense. It looks not only to describe the specific nature of spoken academic hedging in Malaysia but to make inroads into identifying cultural factors that shape the way this hedging takes place. To realize these aims, a corpus-based investigative case study that used both quantitative and qualitative methods was used. Transcriptions of candidature defenses and semi-structured interviews regarding the nature of doctoral candidature defense were used to gather the data. The study found that national culture and the dynamic power distance in the educational culture surrounding the defense had an effect on the interpersonal hedging used by Malaysian speakers and the gap in hedging use between panel members and candidates. Disciplinary culture was also observed to influence hedging, specifically in referencing other work and testing theory to build an argument.

Key findings from our estimation models show that although the poorest households are vulnerable to income and food price shocks, our results also reveal an anomaly: given an increase in income and in food price, the poorest households seem to indulge in non-essential food expenditure, which is counterintuitive. Being the poorest typically conjures images of needing more food, not more food choices. We explain our findings within an intertwined theoretical underpinning, providing empirical verifications to two landmark hypotheses that bridge the economic-psychological frontier. We merge two relatively recent and nationally representative Malaysian household expenditure and price datasets. Our paper is perhaps the first work examining the poorest among poor households in a developing country from an economic-psychological angle, providing insights for more nuanced policy prescriptions. We believe our findings unveil aspects of food and poverty in Malaysia that have yet to be given detailed treatment so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ministry of Health Malaysia aims to fully replace liquid-based cytology (LBC) with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) tests and increase the screening coverage from a baseline of 25% to 40% by 2023, followed by a 10% yearly increment until 70% coverage. This transition requires proper planning, including the number of tests needed and budget allocation. This study aims to simulate different transition strategies involving the shift from LBC to HPV testing with expanded screening coverage to predict their impact on cervical cancer elimination in Malaysia. A system dynamics model was developed to simulate the transition from LBC to HPV testing and HPV vaccination coverage in Malaysia. The dynamic model utilised local epidemiological data, published research, and expert opinion when data was unavailable. The simulation showed that a combination of high HPV vaccination coverage and transitioning fully to five-yearly HPV testing by 2030, coupled with a 70% screening uptake by 2040, would accelerate cancer elimination in Malaysia by 18 years with an estimated screening cost of MYR1.81 billion equivalent to USD 411 millions compared to the baseline of using LBC as the primary screening method (MYR1.39 billion, USD 315 millions). Sustained, it would lead to averting 6,000 new cancer cases by 2070. Alternatively, conducting HPV screenings twice before age 50 would advance cervical cancer elimination by 14 years and prevent approximately 1000 new cases by 2070, with an estimated cost of MYR1.13 billion equivalent to USD 257 millions. A delay in achieving the full transition prolonged the elimination more than a delay in increasing the screening coverage. In all scenarios, yearly vaccination of 90% of girls age 13 is crucial to achieving elimination. In the Malaysian context, where HPV vaccination coverage has reached considerable levels, the evidence advocates for a full transition from LBC to HPV testing, ideally by 2030. While expanding screening coverage remains a critical factor in this endeavour, the findings unequivocally endorse prioritising the transition process. Trial registration: Trial registration number: NMRR ID-22-00187-DJU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic studies often explore the dynamics between Malay women and popular culture within the context of Malaysian modernity. Researchers commonly investigate resistance to the government's moral initiatives for women in society. This article examines how popular culture, specifically serial television drama, depicts the portrayal of Malay women during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on the concepts of obedience, disobedience, and control. The government's "Duduk Rumah" [Stay at home] and "Kita Jaga Kita" [We take care of ourselves] campaigns, initiated by then Prime Minister Muhyidin Yassin to combat the COVID-19 epidemic, placed additional burdens on women, assigning them significant domestic responsibilities as household managers, including the well-being and education of their children, as well as maintaining family cohesion. We argue that these targeted government policies exacerbated the concerns and uncertainties experienced by Malay women during lockdowns. Furthermore, we contend that the government demonstrated less sensitivity, care, or coordination in managing the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to an increase in domestic violence, divorce, depression, and emotional stress among Malay women. These challenges were prominently depicted in Malay television serials, serving as a vital platform for contemplating the impact of the government's moral initiatives on Malay women. Our research offers insights into the enduring progress, or lack thereof, in the status of women both within and beyond the domestic sphere, as part of Malaysia's pursuit of modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of Q fever and its association with age and gender among Saanen dairy goats in Malaysia. Material and Methods: One hundred dairy goats (n = 100) aged 6 months to 6 years were randomly selected, and blood samples were collected for serological analysis using the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay technique. Results: The results revealed a seropositive rate of 70% among the goats, with medium-positive titers being the most common. The prevalence of Q fever varied among different age groups, with higher rates observed in adult goats aged between 5 and 6 years. Gender analysis showed that males had a higher positive rate (p < 0.05) of Q fever compared to females. Conclusion: These findings strongly indicate the presence of Coxiella burnetii in the dairy goat population and highlight the importance of implementing biosecurity measures and control strategies to prevent further transmission of this disease. This research has contributed to a better understanding of Q fever epidemiology and provides insights for effective control and prevention strategies in dairy goat populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Case Method (CM) has long been used effectively in Social Science education. Its potential use in Applied Science such as Software Engineering (SE) however has yet to be further explored. SE is an engineering discipline that concerns the principles, methods and tools used throughout the software development lifecycle. In CM, subjects are presented to students by means of real cases whereby students themselves either individually or in group discussions work through the problems and issues presented in the cases. The CM approach is deemed necessary for SE education in order to expose students to real scenarios that challenge them to develop the appropriate skills to deal with practical problems. As a largely theoretical subject, SE students could understand more about the practical application of SE concepts and ideas via such active learning activities. This paper presents a survey conducted on two sets of students who were exposed to CM in learning SE. Besides confirming the acceptance of CM among SE students, the surveys aimed to discover the contributing factors and elements that influence the efficacy of the method. The participants consisted of 64 undergraduates that comprised local full-time and executive students. The survey was performed in two semesters through group interviews. Data from the survey were analysed qualitatively using content analysis. The results showed that there are four factors that are important to teaching SE using CM, namely Environment, Case, Instructor, and Student. Each of these factors has certain criteria and characteristics that suggest how CM can be successfully used in teaching and learning SE. These findings can be used by SE educators to more effectively plan the use of CM as one possible teaching method in SE.

Malaysia is one of the most important palm oil producers and exporters in the whole wide world. There has been a rapid development of new palm oil plantations and palm oil mills in this country. The palm oil industry plays a vital role in the economic growth of Malaysia. However, as the palm oil industry grows bigger and wider, a huge amount of palm oil waste is produced which is an alarming issue considering it can cause pollution and have a negative effect on the environment. Raw Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) derived from palm oil waste can be converted into Activated Palm Kernel Shell (APKS) which has the potential to be a value-added biofiller in rubber vulcanizates. Thus, in this study, APKS is prepared through a carbonization process at a temperature of 900 °C and an activation process via steam treatment and used as filler in Carboxylated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (XNBR). The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of different loading ratios of APKS on the swelling index measurement, bound rubber content (BRC), abrasion resistance, compression set, and hardness of XNBR vulcanizates. APKS is incorporated in XNBR at different loading ratios, ranging from 0 to 50 phr and these APKS-filled XNBR vulcanizates are prepared with a two-roll mill. The overall physico-mechanical properties of APKS-filled XNBR vulcanizates showed increment in terms of BRC, compression set, and hardness as the loading ratio of APKS increased. XNBR vulcanizates with a higher loading ratio of APKS also showed a decrease in swelling index measurement and volume loss which would indicate high abrasion resistance. These results could be attributed to the porosity of APKS as shown in the morphological analysis which provided a high surface area of contact for crosslinking and mechanical interlocking. This proves APKS could potentially be a semireinforcing filler for rubber vulcanizates, especially for XNBR vulcanizates as XNBR vulcanizates were able to achieve high abrasion resistance and high hardness with the incorporation of APKS. With this, the conversion of PKS into APKS could help to reduce palm oil waste and provide an environmentally friendly, sustainable biofiller option to rubber researchers and manufacturers who are looking for an alternative to petroleum-based fillers. This would be very beneficial for both the palm oil industry and the rubber industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this conceptual research framework is to develop and integrate a safety training model using a behaviour-based safety training programme into laboratories for young adults, during their tertiary education, particularly in technical and vocational education. Hence, this research will be investigating the outcome of basic safety knowledge among young adults and precautions needed to avoid occupational accidents and work-related diseases before they are exposed to real-life working situations. Numerous findings have found young adults are more prone to accidents compared to older adults and it happens due to lack of effective safety training and ineffective dispersion of safety knowledge to the young adults. An explanatory mixed method design is suggested for use as the main method; quantitative in the form of questionnaire based and supported by short interview in qualitative methods. A pre-test post-test non-equivalent control group design (with delayed post-test) is identified and it will use questionnaires (based on Theory of Planned Behaviour with an extension of a cognitive mediator) to predict and identify the changes in the safety practices behaviour of engineering students. Behaviour Based Safety (BBS) programme and Standard Safety programme will be used as individual interventions and integrated in the engineering laboratories; whilst the traditional programme will be monitored as the control group method. Three groups of purposive sampling engineering students will be selected and two of the groups will undergo different interventions concurrently leaving one group intact for control measurement. The expected results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) for pre-test, post-test and delayed post-test data between Behaviour Based Safety (BBS) programme, Standard Safety programme and traditional programme will determine the most effective among intervention safety programmes conducted for the engineering students. These future findings should also be able to provide proof that the combination of safety education and safety behaviour based training is the best method to be integrated as effective intervention into the engineering students' safety practices behaviour at the laboratories. The expected findings will help to develop an effective ways of educating and training young adults about work safety, which can be used in engineering laboratories and workshops.

The DIIA (Diploma in Investment Analysis) students from the FBM (Faculty of Business Management) were required to undertake several MOF (Mathematic of Finance) courses. The passing rates for all of the MOF courses were good except for one course. There are many factors for this low passing rate phenomenon for this particular MOF course. One of the factors is mathematics anxiety as suggested by Richardson in 1971. As a result, this paper is carried out in order to measure the undergraduates' level of mathematics anxiety in general and between genders in this one particular course. The outcome is expected to fill in the gap as study of anxiety in MOF is still lacking. A 30-item MARS (Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale) is adapted and used in this study, because this course is predominant by complex computations. The Ss (samples) of the study are 119 students who undertook this MOF course during the study semester of December 2008 to April 2009 in UiTM (Universiti Teknologi MARA). It is expected that the findings will show that the Ss have a considerably high mean for mathematics anxiety; and female students have a higher mean of mathematics anxiety as compared to their male counterparts. The study confirms the expectation of the researchers. In terms of the final and overall results, it was expected that the passing percentage be dominated by the male students. However, at the end of the study, the overall performance of the female students was much better compared to their male counterparts. (Contains 3 figures and 9 tables.) [This paper was previously presented in the International Conference on Teaching & Learning in Higher Education 2009 (ICTLHE09), Malaysia, November 22nd-25th, 2009.]

aiman,1 Abdulsalam Halboup1,21Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia; 2Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen Correspondence: Mohammed Mohammed Battah, Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen, Tel +‏ 967777404880, Email [email protected] Hadzliana Zainal, Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia, Email [email protected] Background: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a prevalent and distressing adverse effect that can negatively affect a patient's quality of life and treatment adherence. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the consistency of antiemetic use with standard guidelines and to examine the factors influencing it. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Oncology Center (NOC) of Al-Jomhouri Teaching Hospital, Sana'a, Yemen, from November 2022 to September 2023. Demographic data, chemotherapy and antiemetic regimens, dosages, and patient-related risk factors were collected via direct interviews, medical records, and treatment charts. This study evaluated the consistency of antiemetic practices among non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) patients using the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. The chi-squared test and regression were used to determine the factors associated with guideline consistency. Results: A total of 251 patients with NHL were recruited for the study; 57.4% were male and 60.6% were aged between 18– 49. Most of the patients received moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (81.3%). The overall consistency with the NCCN guidelines was only 23.9%, with antiemetic drug selection and dosage reported inconsistently in 62.9% and 16.7% of patients, respectively. Furthermore, 62.5% of the patients received an under-prescribed antiemetic prophylactic regimen. Treatment duration, number of chemotherapy cycles, emetogenic risk potential, and overall patient risk, as well as age, sex, and marital status, were significantly associated with guideline inconsistency (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed a notable gap in the consistency of antiemetic prescriptions among patients with NHL. Inappropriate drug selection, dosing, and under-prescription are common problems. Patient regimen risk factors significantly influenced the consistency of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. Personalized approaches are essential to enhance adherence to guidelines and improve antiemetic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the morphology and chemical composition of coir coconut husk carbon fiber, as well as the impact of fiber diameters on the physical and mechanical properties of polylactic acid composites. Researchers are studying polylactide acid, a biodegradable material. This eco-friendly material's excellent features, generated from sustainable and renewable sources, have drawn many people. Malaysia's high coconut fiber output made coir husk a popular commodity. Coconut fibers are lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. Alkaline treatment eliminates hemicellulose, oil, wax, and other contaminants from coir fibers and removes lignin. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy were used to examine the treated coconut fibers' chemical modification analysis and morphology. Coconut coir husk was carbonized to produce carbon fiber using a furnace operated at 300°C for 2 hours. Fiber and polylactic acid were mixed in different fiber sizes (0, 53 µm, 75 µm, and 212 µm) via extrusion and injection processing techniques. The results showed that the alkali treatment reduced the hydroxyl (-OH) group and separated the area from the carbonyl (C=O) group of coconut coir husk, which changed the filler's hydrophilicity. The fiber size of 212 µm was discovered to have the highest tensile and flexural strength values. According to testing, the modified material structure had a better surface fill-matrix bond. Thus, generalized fiber sizing and characterization methods were developed. Regardless of the matrix, this method can characterize natural fiber strength and interfacial shear strength of varied diameters and solid contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional research in film and animation has long been implemented in the West. This is because Elements of emotion are essential in an animated film to generate an affective impression and emotions in the audience. Malaysia's animation industry has increased recently, and Malaysian animators have produced many animation products. However, previous studies stated that the current situation of local animated films needed a more potent storytelling technique. There is a West scholar who argues that good storytelling can evoke the emotions of the audience. Applying emotions in animation through computer technology is complicated compared to live-action films that can control emotions through the actors' acting techniques. Thus, this study identified the elements of emotion in developing the case study of storytelling Agent Ali in the movie. The mixed method was used to identify aspects of emotion in Agent Ali the Movie, such as Freytag's Pyramid model and Hume AI. As a result, this study found that aspects of emotion exist in the story development process in Agent Ali the Movie, such as happiness, sadness, and anger in every three acts of structure (exposition, conflict, and resolution). The existence of emotion has proved that animated films in Malaysia need to be focused to overcome the weak storytelling technique. At the end of the discussion, this study also found that Artificial intelligence (AI) technology like Hume AI could speed up the animation production process, especially in identifying the facial expressions and body language of characters in the process of storytelling development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is a major portion of solid waste in Malaysia, with 44.5% of the total waste being food waste‐derived sources. This study investigates the performance of dry anaerobic digester (DAD) operation using the pilot dry anaerobic digester (PDAD), a plug flow reactor, in treating source‐sorted organic fraction municipal solid waste (SS‐OFMSW) for biogas production. A commercial Malaysian food waste (CMFW) sample has been used to represent SS‐OFMSW. The anaerobic digestion was performed in a semi‐continuous operation using a 15 m3 PDAD with organic loading rates (OLRs) ranging from.63 to 5.46 kg volatile solid (VS)/m3·day under mesophilic conditions. The maximum methane composition was achieved at 56.0% at OLR 5.17 kg VS/m3·day with specific methane production (SMP) of.57 m3·CH4/kg VSfed and gas production rate (GPR) 5.27 m3·gas/m3·digester·day. As indicated by a pH and alkalinity ratio, the PDAD system was stable ranging from pH 6.7 to 8.3, alkalinity ratio of.3 with an inclination of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) up to 1056 mg/L. The SMP achieved is between 1.58 and.4 m3·CH4/kg VSfed and potentially to fuelled 475 MW commercial biogas plant fed by CMFW. The DAD deployment strengthened the circular economy and decarbonization initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of a newly developed kit in dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) detection and compare it with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). User acceptance was also determined. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 45 subjects who were divided into 3 groups based on the severity of root resorption using radiographs: normal (RO), mild (RM), and severe (RS). DSPP in GCF samples was analyzed using both methods. Questionnaires were distributed to 30 orthodontists to evaluate future user acceptance. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of the kit were 0.98 and 0.8 respectively. The DSPP concentrations measured using ELISA were the highest in the RS group (6.33 ± 0.85 ng/mL) followed by RM group (3.77 ± 0.36 ng/mL) and the RO group had the lowest concentration (2.23 ± 0.55 ng/mL). The new kit portrayed similar results as the ELISA, the optical density (OD) values were the highest in the RS group (0.62 ± 0.10) followed by RM group (0.33 ± 0.03) and the RO group (0.19 ± 0.06). The differences among all the groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for both methods. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed a statistically significant (p < 0.001) strong and positive correlation between DSPP concentrations and OD values. Conclusions: The new kit was validated to detect the colour intensities of different severity of root resorptions. Most of the responses to the survey were positive towards the new kit for being a safer and simpler method to detect apical root resorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In developing countries where comprehensive policies addressing the environmental impact of ELV have been implemented, this mixed-methods study examines the complex relationship between knowledge and social acceptance of ELV policies in developing countries. The study integrates a quantitative survey with 150 participants and a qualitative phase featuring indepth interviews with 15 individuals. The quantitative survey explores participants' understanding and acceptance of various aspects of ELV policies, revealing diverse knowledge levels on environmental, economic, public health, safety, and technological dimensions. Notably, there is a solid willingness to comply with these policies, highlighting their perceived importance in safeguarding environmental and public health. The qualitative phase delves deeper, uncovering factors influencing social acceptance, such as limited awareness, positive attitudes, and considerations related to economic, safety, and health concerns. This study emphasizes the critical role of knowledge in shaping the social acceptance of ELV policies, demonstrating that an informed public is more inclined to have favorable attitudes and greater acceptance. By blending quantitative and qualitative insights, we obtain a holistic understanding of the interplay between knowledge and social acceptance concerning ELV policies. This comprehensive perspective is invaluable for policymakers and stakeholders, underscoring the necessity of well-informed strategies to boost public comprehension and acceptance of ELV policies. The findings indicate that effective communication and education initiatives could significantly enhance the implementation and effectiveness of ELV policies in developed nations, suggesting a pivotal role for targeted educational and awareness campaigns in achieving policy goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper details a case study on the implementation of dynamic line rating (DLR) to enhance the ampacity rating of Malaysia's grid. Utilizing heat balance equations endorsed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IEEE 738) and the International Council on Large Electric Systems (CIGRE technical brochure 601), the ampacity rating of a Zebratype aluminum cable steel reinforced (ACSR) conductor on a 275 kV transmission line has been assessed. Real-time weather conditions and conductor temperatures, measured hourly by the DLR sensor over the course of a year, were incorporated into the ampacity calculation to determine the available margin. The weather parameters were analyzed based on the monsoon seasons. A comparative analysis between various methods outlined in the standards and the estimated ampacity rating derived from both standards is presented. According to both standards, the findings indicate that DLR surpasses static line rating (SLR), highlighting the presence of untapped ampacity for grid optimization. Remarkably, CIGRE TB 601 exhibits a higher ampacity rating margin than the IEEE 738 standard, with a percentage difference of 16.20%. The study concludes that the conductor is underutilized and proposes optimization through the integration of real-time weather conditions data into the heat balance equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pain is prevalent and debilitating in cancer patients, particularly at advanced stages. However, data on pain control in this population is limited in Malaysia. Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of severe pain and inadequate pain treatment, satisfaction with pain treatment, quality of life (QoL), and factors associated with severe pain among cancer patients receiving palliative care in Penang. Material and Methods: Eligible patients were recruited using convenience sampling from June 2019 to March 2020. Data was collected using validated interviewer-administered questionnaires. Pain severity, inadequate pain treatment, satisfaction with pain treatment and QoL were assessed using Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Pain Management Index (PMI), Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication version 1.4 (TSQM 1.4) and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 15 Palliative Care(EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL), respectively. Results: Of 162 patients, 35.8% experienced severe pain and 17.3% had negative PMI. The mean (SD) score of global satisfaction with pain treatment was 61.8±16.33. Patients showed diminished QoL, negatively affecting both physical and emotional functioning with the mean (SD) QoL score of 54.4±24.63. Negative PMI (p<0.001), lower global satisfaction score (p=0.005), higher insomnia score (p<0.047), and the interaction between adjuvant analgesics use and global satisfaction score (p<0.002) were significantly associated with severe pain. Conclusion: There is a need to improve pain management for the cancer patients under palliative care in Penang. Identifying patient subgroups experiencing severe pain and inadequate pain treatment is crucial for timely intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]