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There has been a growing interest in halal-related ontology research in recent years, as ontology has gained recognition in the halal industry. This paper discusses the development of a flavouring ontology that will assist halal management auditors in predicting the halal status of flavours in order to process food producers’ applications for halal certification. The development of a flavouring ontology is based on multiple references, because the auditors of halal management divisions must consult a variety of sources independently in order to determine the halal status of flavourings. The process includes 1) determining the ontology goal and scope, 2) building ontologies, and 3) evaluating the ontologies. The researcher used Protégé to design the ontologies, and Phyton was used to develop a prototype based on flavouring ontology. The developed ontology consists of four classes, nine sub-classes, and 11 relationships. The evaluation of the ontology using the prototype revealed that the majority of experts were satisfied with the information generated by the ontology in the prototype, particularly in relation to synonyms and the hierarchical structure of a flavour. However, the experts suggest improvements in terms of flavour metadata, especially on raw materials and natural occurrence data, so that the flavour information retrieved is comprehensive and accurate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tillering and yield are linked in rice, with significant efforts being invested to understand the genetic basis of this phenomenon. However, in addition to genetic factors, tillering is also influenced by the environment. Exploiting experiments in which seedlings were first grown in elevated CO2 (eCO2) before transfer and further growth under ambient CO2 (aCO2) levels, we found that even moderate exposure times to eCO2 were sufficient to induce tillering in seedlings, which was maintained in plants grown to maturity plants in controlled environment chambers. We then explored whether brief exposure to eCO2 (eCO2 priming) could be implemented to regulate tiller number and yield in the field. We designed a cost-effective growth system, using yeast to increase the CO2 level for the first 24 days of growth, and grew these seedlings to maturity in semi-field conditions in Malaysia. The increased growth caused by eCO2 priming translated into larger mature plants with increased tillering, panicle number, and improved grain filling and 1000 grain weight. In order to make the process more appealing to conventional rice farmers, we then developed a system in which fungal mycelium was used to generate the eCO2 via respiration of sugars derived by growing the fungus on lignocellulosic waste. Not only does this provide a sustainable source of CO2, it also has the added financial benefit to farmers of generating economically valuable oyster mushrooms as an end-product of mycelium growth. Our experiments show that the system is capable of generating sufficient CO2 to induce increased tillering in rice seedlings, leading eventually to 18% more tillers and panicles in mature paddy-grown crop. We discuss the potential of eCO2 priming as a rapidly implementable, broadly applicable and sustainable system to increase tillering, and thus yield potential in rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaysia adopted the GHS through the CLASS Regulations of 2013. This new approach for chemical classification is inconsistent with the CIMAH Regulations of 1996 and has introduced new hazard categories, which are not included in the current major hazard identification criteria. For identifying MHI in Malaysia, the chemicals need to be reclassified. Therefore, this study aims to propose the indicative criteria for major hazard installation that are aligned with CLASS in order to simplify the process. The newly listed chemical threshold quantity, focusing on the acute toxicity group, was also identified. The steps involved include comparing major hazard legislation in the selected country, matching the criteria of CIMAH and CLASS, and reclassifying chemicals in Schedule Two of CIMAH. For estimation of TQ for nitric acid, dispersion modeling was selected. A guide for selecting suitable parameters was developed, ALOHA software was used to simulate the model, and the estimation result for nitric acid was 15.5 tonnes. This study provides the opportunity to improve CIMAH by applying CLASS hazard categories to identify major hazard installation. The guide to estimate TQ could be used for other acute toxicity chemicals as an option for regulators to negotiate and decide the TQ in CIMAH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The automotive sector has a key role in domestic growth and contributes to governance. The manufacturing sector contributes to the growth and prosperity of the country. Industry manufacturing creates well-paid jobs, encourages technological development and raises sales. Production is one of the world's most dynamic industries. In order to assure process continuity and repeatability, good governance is adopted in the manufacturing industry. The evaluation stated that effective management practises must be cascaded to the lowest level from the highest level in the business. Governance initiatives allow the organisation to perform more efficiently and efficiently. Good governance provides valuable goods, which produces wonderful market results. Good governance gives the organisation and a safe community a positive image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Da'wah work was one of the main means that helped spread Islam throughout the Malay Archipelago. The advent of Islamic resurgence in 1970s that came along with the emergence of influential Islamic movements had transformed the da'wah work to become more sophisticated. This paper attempts at understanding the relationship between the traditional da'wah work and the Islamic movements in Malaysia before looking indepth at the development of Islamic movements in establishing and improving da'wah methodology and institutions. Findings reveal that the Islamic movements played a very significant role in reforming da'wah work. They had introduced an alternative system in da'wah work that had been manifested either in their own private institutions or through advocacy of da'wah work policies as well as in its implementation within the existing da'wah work. The findings also prove that the differences in political ideology were not a major obstacle for them in developing da'wah work in the country. In conclusion, despite the varied understanding and approach of Islamic movements, their contribution in developing the nation through da'wah work is significant. Overall, the Islamic movements now have to improve the quality of their da'wah work and learning process in order to face current challenges and obstacles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pediatrics are more vulnerable to radiation and are prone to dose compared to adults, requiring more attention to computed tomography (CT) optimization. Hence, diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) have been implemented as part of optimization process in order to monitor CT dose and diagnostic quality. The noise index has recently been endorsed to be included as a part of CT optimization in the DRLs report. In this study, we have therefore set local DRLs for pediatric CT examination with a noise index as an indicator of image quality. One thousand one hundred and ninety-two (1192) paediatric patients undergoing CT brain, CT thorax and CT chest-abdomen-pelvis (CAP) examinations were analyzed retrospectively and categorized into four age groups; group 1 (0–1 year), group 2 (1–5 years), group 3 (5–10 years) and group 4 (10–15 years). For each group, data such as the volume-weighted CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose-length product (DLP) and the effective dose (E) were calculated and DRLs for each age group set at 50th percentile were determined. Both CT dose and image noise values between age groups have differed significantly with p-value < 0.05. The highest CTDIvol and DLP values in all age groups with the lowest noise index value reported in the 10–15 age group were found in CT brain examination. In conclusion, there was a significant variation in doses and noise intensity among children of different ages, and the need to change specific parameters to fit the clinical requirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]