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Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is the air quality within and around buildings and structures, particularly regarding building occupants' health and comfort. IAQ assessments were performed using an objective measurement of molecular gaseous pollutants to determine the IAQ profile in the hospital's critical areas. It also analyses the effects on patients in different environments and the sources that result in deviations from approved criteria. This comparative study is aimed to investigate the concentration of different compounds in different critical departments in the hospital and propose solutions to the related problem as an improvement in indoor air quality. The data was compared with the standards and regulations. It was found that the TVOC level in the CCU department, specifically in the fluoroscopy room, has exceeded the allowable limit. A few suggestions have been raised to lower the exceeded value. The risks and symptoms held by the occupants in the hospital buildings if they face poor indoor air quality were discussed. Further study can be conducted to relate the short and long-term health issues among medical staff to poor indoor air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current evidence suggests that dietary and lifestyle factors may play an important role in colorectal cancer risk but there are only a few studies that investigated their relationship with colorectal adenomas (CRA), the precursors for colorectal cancer. A case-control study was conducted to determine the relationship between dietary and lifestyle factors associated with CRA risk among 125 subjects with CRA and 150 subjects without CRA at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz UKM (HCTM), Malaysia. We used dietary history questionnaire (DHQ) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ) to estimate the diet and physical activity. The findings of this study showed that male gender [OR = 2.71 (95% CI= 1.01–7.27)], smoking [OR = 6.39 (95% CI= 1.04–39.30)], family history of cancer [OR = 6.39 (95% CI= 1.04–39.30)], high body fat percentage [OR = 1.25 (95% CI= 1.04–1.51)], high calorie and fat intake [OR = 1.03 (95% CI= 1.01–1.06)], [OR = 1.01 (95% CI= 0.95–1.09)] and red meat intake more than 100 g per day [OR = 1.02 (95% CI= 1.01–1.04)] increased CRA risk. High fiber [OR = 0.78 (95% CI= 0.64–0.95)] and calcium intake [OR = 0.78 (95% CI= 0.98–1.00)] was found to decrease CRA risk. Some of these modifiable risk factors could be advocated as lifestyle interventions to reduce risk of CRA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose-This study aims to identify causes of role stress such as factors such as role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload, interpersonal relationship and physical work environment on job performance of employee's in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach- 240 questionnaires were distributed to employees in small and medium enterprise (SMEs), but only 200 questionnaires were collected for data analysis. Findings- The result shows that role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload and interpersonal relationship significantly affect employee's performance. However, physical work environment does not significantly affect employee's job performance. Practical implications- This present research study will be useful to help SMEs to improve employee performance. It will suggest ways to solve the problem of role conflict, role overload, role ambiguity and interpersonal relationship that will tends to affect the employee performance. This study will be useful to help the employee's that work in SMEs to improve their performance after have a better understanding of factor that affect job performance. Guidance could be provided to assist the employee to get sufficient information to finish job task and improve the interpersonal relationship with other employee's in an organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid industrialization at Kuala Langat, Selangor have raised environmental and health concerns among the public. Surface sediments from a total of 10 stations, covering the upstream and downstream sites near to plastic recycling factories along Langat River were collected and analyzed for its physicochemical properties, bioavailable heavy metals concentration and pollution degree. Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals was carried out using several pollution indices such as geoaccumulation index ( I g e o ), contamination factor (CF), contamination degree (CD), enrichment factor (EF), pollution load index (PLI) and potential ecological risk index (PERI). For human health risk assessment, non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) was assessed using hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) whereas carcinogenic risk of heavy metals (Cd, Cr and Pb) was assessed using carcinogenic risk index (RI) and total risk (TR). The heavy metal accumulation in sediments in terms of concentration was in the order of Pb > Zn > Cu > Cr > Cd and the mean concentration of the heavy metals were lower than the background value except Pb. The PLI result indicated that the sediment at Langat River was unpolluted but posed low ecological risk by Cr, Cu and Zn, low to moderate ecological risk by Cd, and low to considerable ecological risk by Pb as shown by PERI result. However, non-dietary ingestion of sediment from Langat River showed possible risk of non-carcinogenic effects at certain sites whereas tolerable carcinogenic risk at almost all sites. Organic matter, silt, clay, pH and base saturation showed significant relationship with the heavy metals concentration, indicating the transformation and accumulation factor of heavy metals in river sediment. This study is important to increase the awareness of sediment pollution at Langat River and provide information to the stakeholders in Kuala Langat for future planning and policies to protect the local ecosystem and residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]