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Parents are important figures in shaping an adolescent's emotion regulation. However, there have been fewer studies investigating the effects of parental care and parental autonomy on adolescents' emotion regulation, and the findings from the existing research have been inconsistent. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the effects of parental care and autonomy (from both the father and mother) on adolescents' emotion dysregulation. The Malay versions of Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-18 (DERS-18) were administered to 491 students between the ages of 13 and 14 years old. The students were recruited from public schools in Peninsular Malaysia by using a non-proportionate random stratified sampling technique. This study employed the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with regression analysis. The results showed a significant negative effect of paternal and maternal care on adolescent's emotion dysregulation. There is no significant effect of paternal and maternal autonomy on the adolescent's emotion dysregulation. This study concludes that both fathers and mothers who care for and provide warmth to their children would promote better emotion regulation. The current findings highlight intervention and prevention efforts in promoting parental care and warmth in our children upbringing particularly involving adolescents. These will foster positive impact in the adolescents' abilities to regulate their emotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turbidite-associated black shale of the Semanggol Formation is extensively distributed in the northwestern part of the Western Belt, Peninsular Malaysia. The black shale occurs as a dark grey to black and thick to medium-bedded deposit. It represents the distal part of submarine fan system (outer-fan) overlying interbedded sandstone to shale facies of the mid-fan and conglomeratic pebbly sandstone facies of the inner-fan. Field observations and its widespread occurrence have resulted in the black shale being considered as a potential analog for a source rock in offshore Peninsular Malaysia. The present study includes detailed mineralogical (XRD, SEM, and EDX analysis), inorganic geochemical (major oxides, trace elements TEs, and rare earth elements REEs), and Rock-Eval pyrolysis analyses of the black shale samples, collected from the Gunung Semanggol, Bukit Merah, and Nami areas in northwestern Peninsular Malaysia. The primary focus of this study is to investigate the provenance, paleoredox conditions, paleoclimate, sedimentary rate, paleoproductivity, and upwelling system that would be helpful to understanding the role of these parameters in the enrichment of organic matter (OM) in the black shale. The Rock-Eval analysis shows that the black shale of the Semanggol Formation comprises type-III kerogens, which suggests organic input from a terrestrial source. The black shale also contains mature to postmature organic matter. Based on the mineralogical analysis, the mineral composition of the black shale comprises illite and kaolinite, with abundant traces of quartz and feldspar as well as few traces of titanium and zircon. Inorganic geochemical data designate black shale deposition in a passive margin setting that has experienced moderate to strong weathering, semi-arid to hot arid climate, and moderate sedimentation rate. Ratios of Ni/Co, U/Th, and V/(V+Ni) along with slightly negative to positive Ce* anomalies and UEF-MoEF cross-plot unanimously indicate anoxic/dysoxic water conditions that are suitable for organic matter preservation. Geochemical proxies related to modern upwelling settings (i.e., Cd/Mo, Co vs. Mn) show that the deep marine black shale was strongly influenced by persistent upwelling, a first-order controlling factor for organic matter enrichment in the distal part (outer fan of the submarine fan system) of the Semanggol Basin. However, productivity-controlled upwelling and a high sedimentary rate, as well as high-productivity in oxygen-depleted settings without strong anoxic conditions, has played an essential role in the accumulation of organic matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]