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Concurrent with the expansion of visual culture, film tourism has experienced a significant boost in recent decades, and the motivation to visit places where series made for television or similar platforms were filmed has been added to this modality. In this context, and taking the city of Madrid as a reference, this work proposes a line of research wherein analysis of the relationships between geographical and audiovisual spaces through cultural and tourist use unites the representation of both, by way of social networks (specifically, Twitter). As regards methodology, an 'application programming interface' has been designed which permits the download of a sample of tweets useful for both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The main results indicate the impacts that fiction series have had on recognition of the city (or certain of its elements) as well as relationships established between the narrative and geographical spaces when the latter are referenced via on-site activities. Theoretically, this research focuses on the relationship between real geographies, imagined geographies, and simulacra, as well as their involvement in the commodification of space and in the construction of vicarious geographical experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like much of Madrid, the neighborhood of Lavapiés has in recent years experienced explosive growth in tourism. In this context, critical discourses are beginning to appear in the press, especially in terms of the development model based on new types of accommodation and technologies that directly connect suppliers to consumers. To counter these discourses, we explore other narratives in defense of this model, which are committed to its development. Our investigation considers whether these discursive constructions are competing for hegemony and, consequently, the ability to shape future scenarios, and to influence the neighborhood's social and geographical aspects. To this end, a mixed-discourse analysis methodology that embraces both quantitative (Corpus Linguistics) and qualitative (Critical Discourse Analysis) tools has been selected. Our conclusions are that a discursive competition for redefining the terms of the debate around tourism is currently at play in Lavapiés, albeit in an incipient state; and that this debate is impacting the perceived image and reality of this area of central Madrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Over a one-year period, the concentrations of ten polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and two of their hydroxy derivatives (OH-PAHs) were monitored in a suburb of Madrid (Spain). The levels of other chemical indicators of urban pollution (nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, etc.), as well as a series of meteorological variables (temperature, atmospheric pressure, etc.) were determined simultaneously. PAH concentrations varied according to the environmental conditions such that depending on the wind direction and speed, levels exceeded those expected for outside the central city area. Concentrations of 2-hydroxyphenanthrene ranged from 12 to 200 pg m−3 and those of 1-hydroxypyrene from 3 to 60 pg m−3. Their variations were directly related to levels of phenanthrene and pyrene and also found to depend on the weather conditions, especially temperature and atmospheric pressure. Through multivariate analysis (factor and cluster analyses) a clear link was detected between the concentrations of PAHs or hydroxy-PAHs and those of other chemical pollutants (nitrogen and sulphur oxides). We also observed an inverse relationship with temperature, ozone concentration, solar radiation and UV radiation intensity. Changes in both PAHs and OH-PAHs were clearly seasonal, increasing in the colder months and undergoing a reduction in the warmer months of the year. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]