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The rapid development undertaken in science, technique and technology, has strongly influenced the radical change of the pace of human existence, and therefore as a very important part in the everyday life of society along with mandatory time is regarded leisure time, also. Given the fact that free time as a pedagogical and sociological issue is of interest to pupils or children, it requires planning, organization and meaningful use. Therefore, special attention should be taken regarding the content, purpose and duties of leisure time activities. For the organization and quality use of leisure time, of great importance are the conditions or opportunities offered to children by society and the environment where they live, grow and develop. The organization and use of leisure time has different, diverse forms, but we should be careful that children rationally and in a positive manner use leisure time, in order to acquire and develop their talent and cultural trends. The management of pupils' leisure time is a serious pedagogical, sociological and social problem, because the same pupils that are now found in school desks are those pupils that in the near future will be the protagonists of society, so accordingly to how pupils are today, is their reflection of the future. Therefore, I regard as reasonable to observe, analyze and infer how elementary school children today spend their leisure time. In order to achieve the expected results and to further compare the organization and leisure time spent between children/pupils (urban and rural ones) in the research we have included both urban and rural primary schools. The subject of our research was to study the organization and use of leisure time by children and also the opportunities made available to children from the social circle for the organization of leisure time. The aim of our research was to verify how children, particularly primary school pupils organize and use leisure time. Do they have special and adequate places, offered to them by the environment where they live, grow and develop in order to perfect their talents and abilities or not? Therefore, we posed the hypothesis: "Children, pupils do not organize and properly use their free time". Our research has a theoretical and empirical character and the following instruments were used: survey and evaluation scale. The research included parents, children and teachers of the both city and village. The results obtained from the research clearly indicate that parents, schools and municipalities as state institutions should pay even more attention to this issue. This will enable children/pupils to organize and more rationally use their leisure time.

One of the main global problems related to the environment is air pollution which not only affects the environment and the ecosystem but also affects human health. Many countries of the world did research on how to reduce air pollution so that the concentrations do not exceed the permissible thresholds which are set at that level so that neither human health nor the environment are exposed to further damage. One of the issues regarding air pollution is the concentrations of PM particles 2.5 and 10, PM particles are a big problem in developing countries such as the Republic of North Macedonia. The research paper was focused in processing the data that has been collected for daily averages of PM 2,5 and PM10 particles that contribute in air pollution. All analyzes and processing of the results are done in compliance with the current laws of the Republic of North Macedonia and with Directive 2008/50/EC, all for µg/m3. In the city of Skopje, numerous exceedances of the permissible thresholds of PM particles 2.5 and 10 were recorded at the two measurement stations where the results were obtained for the months of January, February, March, April, May and June of 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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As the Republic of Macedonia (RM) is on its way to the European Union (EU), we consider it important to analyze the level of rule of law as one of the preconditions for membership. The issue of rule of law in the RM has been debated by other scholars over the years, but not from a ten-year perspective involving the evaluation of relevant international authorities. The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the shortcomings in the functioning of the rule of law in RM. As a framework of this research, the relevant data on the rule of law in the countries of Southeast Europe, the annual progress reports of the European Commission on the rule of law in the RM, the evaluations of other international actors, the results of previous research, such as government documents and institutional reforms devoted to the rule of law are used. The critical assessment of the functioning of the rule of law in the RM in this research should create a positive and motivating effect for the political authorities to reform the justice system in accordance with the needs of the citizens and the key Eurointegration processes. Finally, we will draw conclusions and make suggestions to serve the wider academic community, policymakers, and stakeholders who may raise issues as a problem that requires appropriate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]