14 results on '"Gilliland, Jason"'
Search Results
2. "Reduce Food Waste, Save Money": Testing a Novel Intervention to Reduce Household Food Waste.
- Author
-
van der Werf, Paul, Seabrook, Jamie A., and Gilliland, Jason A.
- Subjects
WASTE management ,WASTE minimization ,WASTE treatment ,PLANNED behavior theory - Abstract
An intervention, which used elements of the theory of planned behavior, was developed and tested in a randomized control trial (RCT) involving households in the city of London, Ontario, Canada. A bespoke methodology involving the direct collection and measurement of food waste within curbside garbage samples of control (n = 58) and treatment households (n = 54) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. A comparison of garbage samples before and after the intervention revealed that total food waste in treatment households decreased by 31% after the intervention and the decrease was significantly greater (p =.02) than for control households. Similarly, avoidable food waste decreased by 30% in treatment households and was also significantly greater (p =.05) than for control households. Key determinants of treatment household avoidable food waste reduction included personal attitudes, perceived behavioral control, the number of people in a household, and the amount of garbage set out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Assessing the relationship between water and nutrition knowledge and beverage consumption habits in children.
- Author
-
Irwin, Bridget R, Speechley, Mark R, and Gilliland, Jason A
- Subjects
BEVERAGE consumption ,JUNK food ,CHILD nutrition ,NUTRITION ,FOOD consumption ,WATER consumption ,SCHOOL grounds - Abstract
Objective: To examine the relationship between knowledge and beverage consumption habits among children.Design: Cross-sectional analysis. Linear regression was used to identify sociodemographic, dietary and behavioural determinants of beverage consumption and knowledge, and to describe the relationships between children's knowledge and water and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption.Settings: Seventeen elementary schools in London, Ontario, Canada.Participants: A total of 1049 children aged 8-14 years.Results: Knowledge scores were low overall. Children with higher knowledge scores consumed significantly fewer SSB (β = -0·33; 95 % CI -0·49, -0·18; P < 0·0001) and significantly more water (β = 0·34; 95 % CI 0·16, 0·52; P = 0·0002). More frequent refillable water bottle use, lower junk food consumption, lower fruit and vegetable consumption, female sex, higher parental education, two-parent households and not participating in a milk programme were associated with a higher water consumption. Male sex, higher junk food consumption, single-parent households, lower parental education, participating in a milk programme, less frequent refillable water bottle use and permission to leave school grounds at lunchtime were associated with a higher SSB consumption. Water was the most frequently consumed beverage; however, 79 % of respondents reported consuming an SSB at least once daily and 50 % reported consuming an SSB three or more times daily.Conclusions: Elementary-school children have relatively low nutrition and water knowledge and consume high proportions of SSB. Higher knowledge is associated with increased water consumption and reduced SSB consumption. Interventions to increase knowledge may be effective at improving children's beverage consumption habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Food for naught: Using the theory of planned behaviour to better understand household food wasting behaviour.
- Author
-
Werf, Paul, Seabrook, Jamie A., and Gilliland, Jason A.
- Subjects
PLANNED behavior theory ,FOOD industrial waste ,WASTE management ,FOOD portions ,SOCIAL impact ,LOCAL foods - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. A comparative analysis of the restaurant consumer food environment in Rochester (NY, USA) and London (ON, Canada): assessing children's menus by neighbourhood socio-economic characteristics.
- Author
-
DuBreck, Catherine M, Sadler, Richard C, Arku, Godwin, Seabrook, Jamie, and Gilliland, Jason
- Subjects
RESTAURANT customers ,NEIGHBORHOODS ,CHILD nutrition ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,POOR children ,MENUS ,RESEARCH ,FERRANS & Powers Quality of Life Index ,RESTAURANTS ,NUTRITIONAL value ,CROSS-sectional method ,RESEARCH methodology ,ECOLOGY ,EVALUATION research ,MEDICAL cooperation ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESIDENTIAL patterns - Abstract
Objective: To assess restaurant children's menus for content and nutritional quality; and to investigate the relationship between the restaurant consumer food environment for children and neighbourhood-level socio-economic characteristics within and between one Canadian city and one US city.Design: Cross-sectional observational study.Setting: London, ON, Canada and Rochester, NY, USA.ParticipantsRestaurant children's menus were assessed, scored and compared using the Children's Menu Assessment tool. We quantified neighbourhood accessibility to restaurants by calculating 800 m road-network buffers around the centroid of each city census block and created a new Neighbourhood Restaurant Quality Index for Children (NRQI-C) comprising the sum of restaurant menu scores divided by the total number of restaurants within each area. After weighting by population, we examined associations between NRQI-C and neighbourhood socio-economic characteristics using correlations and multiple regression analyses.Results: Nutritional quality of children's menus was greater, on average, in Rochester compared with London. Only one variable remained significant in the regression analyses for both cities: proportion of visible minorities had a positive effect on neighbourhood NRQI-C scores in London, whereas the reverse was true in Rochester.Conclusions: Results suggest the presence of a socio-economic disparity within Rochester, where children in more disadvantaged areas have poorer access to better nutritional quality restaurant choices. In London, results suggest an inverse relationship across the city where children in more disadvantaged areas have better access to better nutritional quality restaurant choices. Given these disparate results, research on restaurant nutritional quality for children requires additional consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Route-Based Analysis to Capture the Environmental Influences on a Child's Mode of Travel between Home and School.
- Author
-
Larsen, Kristian, Gilliland, Jason, and Hess, PaulM.
- Subjects
- *
TRANSPORTATION of school children , *CHOICE of transportation , *GEOGRAPHIC information systems , *BUILT environment , *PUBLIC health , *TRANSPORTATION & the environment - Abstract
This study examined environmental influences on a child's mode of travel between home and school. Grade 7 and 8 students (n = 614) from twenty-one schools throughout London, Ontario, participated in a school-based travel mode survey. Geographic information systems (GIS) were employed to examine environmental characteristics of the child's mode of travel between home and school measured at the scale of the likely travel route. Logistic regression was used to assess what factors influence both the to- and from-school trip. Over 62 percent of students living within 1.6 kilometers (1 mile) of school walked or biked to school and 72 percent walked or biked home from school. Actively commuting to school was positively associated with shorter trips, with distance being the most important correlate. Boys were significantly more likely to use active travel modes than girls. Higher traffic volume along the route was negatively related to rates of active travel and children from higher income neighborhoods were less likely to actively travel than children from lower income neighborhoods. In terms of environmental characteristics, the presence of street trees was positively associated and higher residential densities and mixed land uses were negatively associated with active travel to school. For the journey home, crossing major streets and increased intersection density were negatively associated with active travel. The findings of this research give evidence that active travel is associated with the environmental characteristics of walking routes. This information should be considered for urban planning and school planning purposes to improve children's walking environments. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Trading Places.
- Author
-
Novak, Mathew J. and Gilliland, Jason A.
- Subjects
- *
RETAIL stores -- History , *CITIES & towns , *ECONOMIC geography , *URBAN life , *DEMOGRAPHY , *GEOGRAPHIC information systems , *SHOPPING , *HISTORY - Abstract
The economies of modern cities are dependent on an advanced retail system; so too are the people who inhabit them. The origin and evolution of retailing in London, Canada, was studied using a historical geographic information system (GIS) to document the relationship between a city and its retail sector. Visualization and spatial-statistical techniques afforded by the historical GIS were implemented to study change over time. The locations of retailers and the types of the goods they sold were examined for four periods in the city's early history: 1844,1863,1881, and 1916. The distances traveled to shop were also calculated for a variety of goods. The results indicate that the retail system was ingrained in the development of the city, showing marked locational patterns and a high degree of rationality in the shopkeepers' business strategies. Mapping the retail landscape in each era using historical GIS allowed for the examination of the relationship between retail and residential development in the growing city. While the downtown area remained the primary retail district for the city, considerable retail expansion also occurred at the urban periphery during this early stage of the city's development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. An analysis of public debates over urban growth patterns in the City of London, Ontario.
- Author
-
Arku, Godwin, Kemp, Jordan, and Gilliland, Jason
- Subjects
URBAN growth ,DEBATE - Abstract
In much of the developed world, the direction and patterns of urban growth have been the subject of public debate. Some scholars and practitioners believe that the current urban development pattern are too outward-oriented and are concerned about its possible negative consequences. Others defend outward expansion, arguing that it fulfils consumer preferences and promotes economic growth. Despite a sizeable literature on the topic, the discussion has been hampered by a lack of knowledge about how growth is perceived by key 'agents of change', those individuals whose decisions and activities affect the direction and patterns of urban growth. Additionally, the news media often represents the urban growth debate in simplistic, oppositional terms (e.g. 'pro-growth' versus 'anti-growth', 'pro-business' versus 'anti-environment') with little or no regard for local factors that affect development patterns in specific situations. As described in this article, we used a multi-method case study approach to address these limitations and to better understand recent urban growth issues. The primary goal of this study is to assess multiple perceptions of urban growth and management debate in London, Ontario. As elsewhere, the issue of urban growth patterns is intensely debated in this case study. However, we argue that discussion on this topic should change from simplistic generalisations to consideration of locale-specific factors that influence urban growth patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Assessing London, Ontario's brownfield redevelopment effort to promote urban intensification.
- Author
-
Hayek, Michael, Arku, Godwin, and Gilliland, Jason
- Subjects
URBAN planning ,ENVIRONMENTAL remediation ,BROWNFIELDS ,URBANIZATION - Abstract
Intensification of existing urban areas is currently a major item on the policy agenda of the Ontario and Canadian governments. As part of the urban intensification drive, brownfield sites have become major candidates for redevelopment. Governments at all levels have initiated policies and programmes to encourage their remediation and redevelopment. This paper reports the findings of a qualitative exploration of brownfield redevelopment in London, Canada. Through in-depth interviews (n = 17) with key stakeholders involved in brownfield redevelopment, the study explores the level of participation in brownfield redevelopment, barriers to brownfield redevelopment in the city, and perceptions about financial incentives in the city's Brownfield Community Improvement Plan. The study found that despite the availability of financial incentives, the overall private sector participation in brownfield redevelopment is low due to barriers such as competition from greenfield, risk, cost, negative public perception of brownfields, and complex remediation processes. The paper provides policy suggestions that may contribute to a more active participation in brownfield redevelopment in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Mapping the evolution of 'food deserts' in a Canadian city: Supermarket accessibility in London, Ontario, 1961-2005.
- Author
-
Larsen, Kristian and Gilliland, Jason
- Subjects
- *
FOOD supply , *SUPERMARKETS , *SUBURBANIZATION , *GEOGRAPHIC information systems , *INNER cities , *PUBLIC health - Abstract
Background: A growing body of research suggests that the suburbanization of food retailers in North America and the United Kingdom in recent decades has contributed to the emergence of urban 'food deserts', or disadvantaged areas of cities with relatively poor access to healthy and affordable food. This paper explores the evolution of food deserts in a mid-sized Canadian city (London, Ontario) by using a geographic information system (GIS) to map the precise locations of supermarkets in 1961 and 2005; multiple techniques of network analysis were used to assess changing levels of supermarket access in relation to neighbourhood location, socioeconomic characteristics, and access to public transit. Results: The findings indicate that residents of inner-city neighbourhoods of low socioeconomic status have the poorest access to supermarkets. Furthermore, spatial inequalities in access to supermarkets have increased over time, particularly in the inner-city neighbourhoods of Central and East London, where distinct urban food deserts now exist. Conclusion: Contrary to recent findings in larger Canadian cities, we conclude that urban food deserts exist in London, Ontario. Policies aimed at improving public health must also recognize the spatial, as well as socioeconomic, inequities with respect to access to healthy and affordable food. Additional research is necessary to better understand how supermarket access influences dietary behaviours and related health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Environmental influences on physical activity levels in youth
- Author
-
Tucker, Patricia, Irwin, Jennifer D., Gilliland, Jason, He, Meizi, Larsen, Kristian, and Hess, Paul
- Subjects
- *
GEOGRAPHIC information systems , *MEDICAL geography , *RECREATION for teenagers , *QUESTIONNAIRES - Abstract
Abstract: This study assessed the amount of physical activity engaged in by youth aged 11–13, in relation to: (1) the presence of neighborhood recreational opportunities, objectively measured within a geographic information system; and (2) parents’ perceptions of recreation opportunities in their neighborhoods. Students in grade 7 and 8 (n=811) in 21 elementary schools throughout London, Ontario completed the adapted Previous Day Physical Activity Recall and a questionnaire assessing environmental influences in the home and school neighborhoods. Parents/guardians of participants also completed a questionnaire eliciting demographic information and perceptions of the neighborhood environment. On average, students engaged in 159.9min/day of physical activity. Both subjective and objective measures of recreational opportunities were associated positively with physical activity (p<0.05). Greater access to recreational opportunities seem essential to facilitate youths’ healthy levels of physical activity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Familiarity breeds acceptance: Predictors of residents' support for curbside food waste collection in a city with green bin and a city without.
- Author
-
Ladele, Oluwatomilola, Baxter, Jamie, van der Werf, Paul, and Gilliland, Jason A.
- Subjects
- *
FOOD industrial waste , *FORECASTING , *PLANNED behavior theory , *CARRIAGES & carts , *REFUSE collection vehicles , *BINS - Abstract
• Residents living in a green bin regime support green bin more than those who are not. • Convenience (time and space to sort waste) is highly predictive of green bin support. • Concern about the environment is highly predictive of green bin support. • The notion that green bin causes people to discard more food does not predict support. • Residents in a proposed green bin waste regime disagree on the most issues. Food waste remains a high priority greenhouse gas (GHG) emission problem and household curbside collection – green bin 1 1 This literature has not yet settled on common terminology. Wu et al., (2019) use the term "curbside composting carts", while (Geislar 2017) uses the term "organics collection programs" OCP. The scope of our study is bins used to collect food waste at individual households. - with mass treatment is often adopted as a viable solution for GHG reduction. The aim of this study is to explore attitudinal and situational predictors of support for residential curbside green bin programs. Using responses to 517 household surveys from the mid-sized Canadian cities of London, Ontario (proposed green bin program) and Kitchener-Waterloo (KW), Ontario (operating green bin program for 10+ years) comparison of means t-tests, correlations and linear regression are used to test five hypotheses derived from the food waste and waste diversion literatures that predict green bin support: situational factors, current food wasting, theory of planned behaviour attitudes, concern that green bin encourages food wasting, and concern that food waste ends up in the garbage regardless of green bin. There is some support for all five hypotheses. Residents in Kitchener-Waterloo were significantly more supportive (83%) than those in London (65%). While residents in both communities are supportive because of the perceived convenience and environmental benefits of the green bin, the number of regression model predictors is greater in London (16 compared to 9 for Kitchener-Waterloo). The findings overall suggest sustained municipal education at the implementation stage may lead to positive resident habituation to green bin and thus, durable public buy-in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Analyzing differences between spatial exposure estimation methods: A case study of outdoor food and beverage advertising in London, Canada.
- Author
-
Wray, Alexander, Martin, Gina, Doherty, Sean, and Gilliland, Jason
- Subjects
- *
FOOD advertising , *GLOBAL Positioning System , *OUTDOOR advertising , *OUTLET stores , *GENDER identity - Abstract
Exposure assessment in the context of mobility-oriented health research often is challenged by the type of spatial measurement technique used to estimate exposures to environmental features. The purpose of this study is to compare smartphone global positioning system (GPS), shortest network path mobility, and buffer-based approaches in estimating exposure to outdoor food and beverage advertising among a sample of 154 teenagers involved in the SmartAPPetite study during 2018 in London, Ontario, Canada. Participants were asked to report their home postal code, age, gender identity, ethnicity, and number of purchases they had made at a retail food outlet in the past month. During the same time period, a mobile phone application was used to log their mobility and specifically record when a participant was in close proximity to outdoor advertising. The results of negative binomial regression modelling reveal significant differences in estimates of advertising exposure, and the relationship to self-reported purchasing. Spatial exposure estimation methods showed differences across regression models, with the buffer and observed GPS approaches delivering the best fitting models, depending on the type of retail food outlet. There is a clear need for more robust research of spatial exposure measurement techniques in the context of mobility and food (information) environment research. • Exposure to outdoor food and beverage advertising has little association with purchasing among adolescents. • Comparison of GPS, network paths, and residential buffers in measuring exposure to outdoor food and beverage advertising. • Residential buffers and GPS delivered the best-fitting models, dependent on the type of retail food outlet under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. The quantity and composition of household food waste during the COVID-19 pandemic: A direct measurement study in Canada.
- Author
-
Everitt, Haley, van der Werf, Paul, Seabrook, Jamie A., Wray, Alexander, and Gilliland, Jason A.
- Subjects
- *
FOOD waste , *FOOD composition , *COVID-19 pandemic , *WASTE management , *ECONOMIC impact - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic may have amplified the environmental, social, and economic implications of household food waste. A better understanding of household food wasting during the pandemic is needed to improve the management of waste and develop best practices for municipal waste management programs under crisis circumstances. A waste composition study was undertaken with 100 single-family households across the city of London, Ontario, Canada to determine the quantity and composition of household food waste disposed in June 2020, during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines how household demographic, socioeconomic, and neighbourhood food environment characteristics influence household food wasting. On average, each household sent 2.81 kg of food waste to landfill per week, of which 52% was classified as avoidable food waste and 48% as unavoidable food waste. The quantity and composition of household food waste was found to be strongly influenced by the number of people and children in a household, and somewhat influenced by socioeconomic factors and neighbourhood food environment characteristics, including the availability, density, and proximity of retail food outlets. • This is one of the only direct measurement studies of food waste during COVID-19. • During COVID-19, sample households sent 2.81 kg of food waste to landfill per week. • 52% of household food waste was classified as avoidable and 48% as unavoidable. • Food waste was influenced by the number of people and children in a household. • Proximity to and density of some food outlet types influenced unavoidable food waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.