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Constructing a reasonable evaluation system can help to scientifically evaluate the vulnerability of the atmospheric environment, and policy recommendations would be provided for the precise prevention and control of air pollution as well as rational use of natural resources on the basis of evaluation results. Time series global principal component analysis was used to extract principal components from the short panel data of 14 cities in Liaoning Province from 2014 to 2019, and a comprehensive assessment of vulnerability was carried out consequently. The results show that: according to the results of principal component analysis, the cities of Liaoning Province were systematically clustered into five categories. From 2014 to 2019, the atmospheric environmental vulnerability of Liaoning Province decreased volatility, and the area of severely vulnerable areas reached 78.03% in 2017. The vulnerability of the atmospheric environment in Liaoning Province in 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2018 has significant spatial autocorrelation. From 2014 to 2019, the influence of various factors on the spatial differentiation of vulnerability has changed significantly. Time series global principal component analysis can evaluate and analyze panel data of atmospheric environmental vulnerability. Targeted policy measures should be adopted to effectively control the vulnerability of the atmospheric environment in Liaoning Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]