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Background: The aim of our study was to assess current practice patterns and attitudes towards diagnosis and management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients in Latin America., Methods: A Cross-sectional survey was developed and up to 455 physicians were enrolled. We used a rigorous method of validation using the translated version of the AIR Survey., Results: Mean age was 47.5 years (SD 12.6) with 20.4 years (SD 12.3) of practice. In around 30% of physicians were reported access to radiologist, pathologist and multidisciplinary team. Despite almost all physicians reported that (ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT) guidelines are useful, half of them prescribed corticoids for treatment of disease. Most respondents (69.9%) reported cough as the presenting symptom. Around 80% considered IPF to be an important clinical disorder, and felt that identifying patients at risk for IPF was important or extremely important. However, only 59.7% felt confident in managing patients with IPF, and similar numbers (60.8%) felt confident about their knowledge. Pulmonologist have more confidence and management of IPF that no pulmonologist., Conclusion: The results of this survey of Latin American physicians could help to fill gaps regarding awareness, management and treatment of IPF and improve earlier diagnosis of IPF.

Background: Epidemiologic drug allergy data from Latin America are scarce, and there are no studies on specific procedures focusing on this topic in Latin America., Objective: To assess the clinical characteristics and management of hypersensitivity drug reactions in different Latin American countries., Methods: An European Network of Drug Allergy questionnaire survey was implemented in 22 allergy units in 11 Latin American countries to report on consecutive patients who presented with a suspected hypersensitivity drug reaction. Each unit used its own protocols to investigate patients., Results: Included were 868 hypersensitivity drug reactions in 862 patients (71% of adults and elderly patients were women and 51% of children were girls, P = .0001). Children presented with less severe reactions than adults and elderly patients (P < .0001). Urticaria and angioedema accounted for the most frequent clinical presentations (71%), whereas anaphylaxis was present in 27.3% of cases. There were no deaths reported. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (52.3%), β-lactam antibiotics (13.8%), and other antibiotics (10.1%) were the drugs used most frequently. Skin prick tests (16.7%) and provocation tests (34.2%) were the study procedures most commonly used. A large proportion of patients were treated in the emergency department (62%) with antihistamines (68%) and/or corticosteroids (53%). Only 22.8% of patients presenting with anaphylaxis received epinephrine., Conclusion: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics were the drugs used in at least 75% of patients. More than half the reactions were treated in the emergency department, whereas epinephrine was administered in fewer than 25% of patients with anaphylaxis. Dissemination of guidelines for anaphylaxis among primary and emergency department physicians should be encouraged., (Copyright © 2014 American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate Latin American primary care physicians' knowledge and attitudes about obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using a Spanish-language version of the OSA Knowledge and Attitudes (OSAKA) questionnaire and to evaluate its psychometric properties., Methods: We used a cross-sectional survey of general practice physicians in Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela who completed the Spanish-language version OSAKA questionnaire., Results: Of 684 primary care physicians surveyed, 367 (65%) responded (mean age, 45 years; range, 21-75 years). Mean total knowledge (proportion of 18 items correctly answered) was 60% (range, 0-100%). Less than half of physicians correctly answered the questions about the association between OSA and hypertension. We found no significant differences in overall knowledge in gender or time since graduation (< or =5 years vs. >5 years). Although 73.5% of the physicians felt confident in identifying patients at risk for OSA, only 35.4% felt confident in managing those patients and 22.1% felt confident in managing patients with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. The Spanish-language version of the OSAKA questionnaire had comparable psychometric properties to the English-language version., Conclusions: This Spanish-language version of the OSAKA yielded considerable variance in Spanish-speaking physicians' knowledge about OSA and confidence in identifying and managing patients with OSA. Focused OSA education for Latin American general physicians is needed., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)