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The aim of this paper is to present an introduction to postcolonial thought from its origin, the main areas of study and from possible dialogues between the Anglophone and Latin American traditions. To do that, we analyze the notions of subalternity, decolonization and hybridity as a theoretical possibility to explore the post-colonial perspective in the Brazilian critical organization studies. Although the debate on post-colonialism and subordination is relatively new in organizational studies, in and out of Brazil, the literature review in the area shows that, even outside the context of post-colonial demarche, many works produced about management and organizations in Brazil took into account the same concerns of postcolonial authors. Indirectly, the works address topics that are related to the effects of colonialism on the contemporary world and still recognize the need to decolonize this field of study when considering the question of cultural dependency in Brazilian intellectual tradition and technology transfer between managerial countries of the center and the periphery, when problematize the use of theories produced in the Global North and seek references that value a look from the Global South, and they identify the strong presence of the dynamic Brazilian cultural hybridity. On the other hand, when analyzing the field of critical studies in Brazil, we find the presence of a dichotomy that tends to radicalize the center/ periphery relationship with the separation between a supposedly Brazilian critical study on organizations and critical management studies (CMS). Such distinction performs an intellectual binarism typical of colonial mentality. Such mentality in this particular case seeks to define what is and is not critical approach in Management and Organization Studies. Aiming to challenge such binary wisdom, we propose a hybridization process that aim to reconcile the two poles of the binary perspective. To conclude, we argue that the theoretical and political development of both sides depends on a perspective that exploits the fissures of colonial discourse and from a third space perspective reconfigures knowledge production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to emphasize the relevance of analyzing the exchanges between local and foreign counterparts. Latin American cultural history, cultural studies as well as architecture and urbanism histories contribute to discuss dependentists analyses on center--periphery relations. Those research lines enable a more productive approach on international circulation of ideas, technicians and urban models as well as international exchanges. The theoretical approach is articulated with a previous research that analyzes the struggle to define diagnoses of Buenos Aires city problems between 1983 and 1992. Those diagnosis are developed by various networks of local professional and technician, related in multiple ways with Spanish peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses Latin American politics in light of national identities and economic dependencies. Topics include the history of republicanism in Latin America, the notion of the production of underdevelopment, and the impact of financial crises on Latin American foreign relations. Also noted are the notion of the global South in relation to Latin American nations, rhetoric against purported corruption by neoliberal reformers in relation to republicanism, and economic ties between Mexico and North America.

In 65 years Latin America had two experiences of capitalist development associated with the center of the capitalist world system and neoliberalism, both considered successful until the global crisis of 2008. According to the IMF, 40 percent of Latin American financial wealth was lost as a result of the crisis on stock exchanges and other business activities. The economic crisis was felt throughout Latin America, even in Brazil, a very large country, where industrial production had a strong fall. But also in Panama, the least populated country in the region, who suffers a decrease in transits the Panama Canal. Developmentalist and neoliberal projects are bankrupt. It is for Latin America go beyond the draft national market or even export primary. The area needs to define a comprehensive strategy capable of placing it on the world stage. Although many people related economic crisis with the abuse and mismanagement of global resources (neoliberalism), in reality these alleged causes are also the consequence of an even deeper crisis with outputs and results of which shed a new social and spatial organization of society and a balance of power among different social classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a reprint of the article "La cultura de la resistencia" by Marta Traba, published in the book "Literatura y praxis en América Latina" compiled by Fernando Alegría. The author discusses the historical struggle against cultural and political dependence in Latin America, focusing on the relationship between art, cultural expression and reactions to political dependence.

The article focuses on the study of literature and culture in Latin America and the need for its ideological and cultural independence. The author discusses the current dependence on literary/cultural perspectives from the United States and proposes several aspects that need to be addressed including the development of cultural studies, regional cultural policies and literary studies that are distinctively Latin American.

Analyzes the basic tenets of structuralism, their connection to dependency, the influence of Comisión Económica para América Latina (CEPAL) on policymaking, and how a generation of historians utilized the methodologies of structuralism to research historical problems in Latin American development. Information on the Import-Substitution Industrialization advocacy of structuralism; Importance of the informal sector in the societies of Latin America; Decline of structuralist influence in the 1950s.

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Comparing Cuban history and contemporary circumstances to those in the rest of the region, this article challenges the idea of Cuban exceptionalism. The last four decades have seen Cuba move away from typical Latin American patterns such as economic and geographical inequalities. The Revolution has not been able, however, to reverse a historical dependence on external financing nor has it resolved racial inequities. While the Revolution did establish an unusually effective political apparatus, it did not use this opportunity to nurture democracy. As the social welfare advances of the revolution erode, Cuba resembles the rest of the continent ever more and reflects the central problems facing the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduces articles that address questions of global inequalities and the comparative methods for making valid inferences about economic and social development, democratization, human rights, humanitarian crises, refugee problems, political conflict, and sustainable development issues when treating nations as units of analysis. "Dimensionality and Measurement of Economic Dependency: A Research Note," by Jie Huang and Kazimierz Slomczyński. "Dimensions of Human Rights: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Human Rights Provisions," by Elvis E. Fraser. "Political Process, International Dependence, and Mass Political Conflict: A Global Analysis of Protest and Rebellion, 1973-1978," by J. Craig Jenkins and Kurt Schock. "Modeling Democratic Transitions in Latin America: The Use of Discrete-Time Event History Analysis in Comparative Political Research," by Omar A. Barriga.

Focuses on the elements of dependency, development and social change in Latin America. Debate on whether dependency is still a guide for theoretical analysis and progressive political praxis in the region; Theoretical elements that can analyze contemporary peripheral capitalism; Factors that characterized social change in the region during the second half of the 20th century; Argument that the dependency approach constituted an important departing point for the analysis of peripheral capitalism in the area.

Focuses on developmentalism, modernity and dependency theory in Latin America. Developmentalist ideology and feudalmania as part of the ideology of modernity in the region; Events in the early 1960s that provided the social context for the emergence of the dependency school; Critiques to the modernization theory raised by dependentista authors.

A regression analysis of 92 Asian, African, and Latin American countries during 1970-85 produced the following results: (1) The effect of external debt on industrial growth is positive and statistically significant at high levels of state coercive capacity. (2) This effect is negative and statistically significant at low levels of state coercive capacity. (3) At middle levels of state coercive capacity external debt registered no effect. Based on these findings this paper puts forward the following three arguments: First, the "modernization" hypothesis of a positive relationship between external debt and industrial growth is more likely if state institutions are strong and capable. Second, the "dependency" hypothesis of a negative relationship between external debt and industrial growth is more likely when state institutions are weak and relatively incapacitated. Finally therefore, these two perspectives may be studied as special cases of a grander theory of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article the author presents his opinion on the relation between institutionalism and structuralism and discusses issues related to the future cooperation between economists in Latin American countries. The author confess that there has been a situation of unequal exchange between economists. He points out that the Latin American writers in the structuralist and dependency tradition have not done their homework with respect to institutionalism. In order to appreciate similarities and differences between different approaches, the author has sampled several volumes of the "Journal of Economic Issues." The author believes that one possible reason why economists in Latin America have ignored the work done by institutionalists despite its obvious usefulness for the understanding of the economic development problem, is the fact that the discipline of economics is, among other things, a system of power organized in such a way that it reproduces it self over time. Structuralism has been engaged in a running battle with neoclassicism from its very inception, and through its evolution during the last decades, when it has met increasing difficulty in resisting the revival of neoclassical and monetarist orthodoxy. Structuralism and dependency approaches reflect almost the opposite historical circumstances. But given the progressive, massive and pervasive interpenetration of the U.S. and world economies in recent times there seems little doubt that a purely domestic vision of the U.S. economy will fail to give a reasonable account of its evolution.

In the past three decades there has been a convergence of two strains of thought regarding the process of economic development, particularly in the less developed countries, derived from two quite independent sources: North American institutional economics, beginning with the seminal work of Thorstein Veblen in the early part of the century, and more recent conceptions of the Latin American structuralists inspired by Raú Prebisch. In common, institutionalism and structuralism represent holistic approaches to economic investigation, as Allan G. Gruchy applied that term to institutionalism. Students of institutionalist theory are aware that the holistic approach embraces two basic conceptions, one relating to the economic system as a whole, and the other to the nature of human behavior. Latin America and Africa may benefit from the circumstance that growth is now taking place under frontier conditions. Ayres has shown that the possibilities for cross-fertilization of techniques is increased when a new frontier is penetrated. A frontier is a region that offers the space for expansion of population in movement, for a rupture with old institutions and for the application of techniques brought from other regions to achieve an accelerated rate of development.

Discusses the incorporation of the dependency theory in studies of U.S. foreign relations. Characteristics of the concept of imperialism in the country; Role of political crises and social unrest in the emergence of the dependence theory in Latin America; Information on the establishment of the relationship between development and underdevelopment concepts.

As a vehicle for the growing association of southern nationalists and Marxists, dependency theory is an important part of the history of our times, something much more than a school of academic writing. Whatever the varieties of analysis existing within this school (and there are many), a major historiographic shortcoming is common to most of its literature: having grasped the Hegelian insight that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, dependencistas exaggerate the point, making the mistake of refusing any autonomy, any specificity to the parts (southern countries) independently of their membership in the whole (the imperialist system established by the North). A better approach to the study of the place of the South in the international system is to emphasize the variety of state structures present there with their different abilities to mobilize forces internally and translate this into international rank. Southern advances are more substantial than many realize; the essay concludes that southerners should pay more attention to the real room for initiative and maneuver they have, but which dependency theory systematically overlooks. Most of the illustrative examples concern India, the Ottoman Empire, and Latin America before World War I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article attempts to demonstrate that the dependence of Latin American countries on other countries cannot be overcome without a qualitative change in their internal structures and external relations. The author shows that relations of dependence to which these countries are subjected conform to a type of international and internal structure, which leads them to underdevelopment or more precisely to a dependent structure that deepens and aggravates the fundamental problems of their peoples. The concept of dependence permits economists to see the internal situation of these countries as part of world economy. In the Marxian tradition, the theory of imperialist has been developed as a study of the process of expansion of imperialist centers and of their world domination. In the epoch of the revolutionary movement of the Third World, economists have to develop the theory of laws of internal development in those countries that are the object of such expansion and are governed by them. This theoretical step transcends the theory of development, which seeks to explain the situation of underdeveloped countries as a product of their slowness or failure to adopt patterns of efficiency characteristic of developed countries.