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1. Saving Democracy in Latin America: The International Community in the Post-Cold War Era.

Author

Norden, Deborah L.

Subjects
*DEMOCRACY, *COLD War, 1945-1991
Abstract

During the post-Cold War period, democracy has come to be seen as virtually the only legitimate form of government in Latin America. This paper explores the role of international and regional organizations in promoting and protecting democracies, especially in moments of severe political crisis. Specifically, the paper looks at crises in Peru, Paraguay, Ecuador, Venezuela and Argentina to understand how IGO’s react to different kinds of crises, the variations between regions, and the different roles assumed by different organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004

2. Antimicrobial Consumption in Latin American Countries: First Steps of a Long Road Ahead.

Author

Marin, Gustavo H., Giangreco, Lucia, Dorati, Cristian, Mordujovich, Perla, Boni, Silvia, Mantilla-Ponte, Hilda, Alfonso Arvez, Maria José, López Peña, Mónica, Aldunate González, Maria Francisca, Shing Mi Ching Fung, Barcelona, Laura, Campaña, Laura, Vaquero Orellana, Alejandra, Orjuela Rodríguez, Tatiana, Ginés Cantero, Larissa, Villar, Rosa A., Fuentes, Nicole Sandoval, Melero, Emiliano, Hugo Marin-Piva, and Soler, Gisela

Subjects
SUBSTANCE abuse, RESEARCH methodology, ANTI-infective agents, PENICILLIN, INAPPROPRIATE prescribing (Medicine), DRUG monitoring, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, RESEARCH funding, MACROLIDE antibiotics
Abstract

Background: Irrational antimicrobial consumption (AMC) became one of the main global health problems in recent decades. Objective: In order to understand AMC in Latin-American Region, we performed the present research in 6 countries. Methods: Antimicrobial consumption (J01, A07A, P01AB groups) was registered in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Paraguay, and Peru. Source of information, AMC type, DDD (Defined Daily Doses), DID (DDD/1000 inhabitants/day), population were variables explored. Data was analyzed using the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) tool. Results: Source of information included data from global, public, and private sectors. Total AMC was highly variable (range 1.91-36.26 DID). Penicillin was the most consumed group in all countries except in Paraguay, while macrolides and lincosamides were ranked second. In terms of type of AMC according to the WHO-AWaRe classification, it was found that for certain groups like "Reserve," there are similarities among all countries. Conclusion and Relevance: This paper shows the progress that 6 Latin-American countries made toward AMC surveillance. The study provides a standardized approach for building a national surveillance system for AMC data analysis. These steps will contribute to the inclusion of Latin-America among the regions of the world that have periodic, regular, and quality data of AMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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3. Women Are Survivors: Public Services Announcements on Violence Against Women in Latin America.

Author

Mensa, Marta and Grow, Jean M.

Subjects
VIOLENCE prevention, GOVERNMENT regulation, GENDER, INTIMATE partner violence, ADVERTISING, SELF-efficacy, EXPERIENCE, STEREOTYPES, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, CONTENT analysis, VICTIMS, DATA analysis software, WOMEN'S health, STORYTELLING
Abstract

This study considers the role that public service announcements (PSAs) play in addressing violence against women (VAW) in Latin America. Using content analysis, the study examines 407 PSAs about VAW from 20 Latin American countries. The results show that 62.3% of the PSAs encourage bystanders to denounce violence while portraying women as victims in 48.8% of the PSAs. However, 71.7% of PSAs did not include a helpline or how to report the crime, only 11.8% of the PSAs have non-narrative, or factual information, about VAW, and just 6.4% engage in compelling narrative messaging or storytelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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4. Creating options in family planning for the private sector in Latin America.

Author

Sharma, Suneeta, Gribble, James N., and Menotti, Elaine P.

Subjects
*CONTRACEPTIVES, *BIRTH control, *NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations, *MARKETING
Abstract

The countries of Latin America and the Caribbean are facing the gradual phaseout of international-donor support of contraceptive commodities and technical and management assistance, as well as an increased reliance on limited public sector resources and a limited private sector role in providing contraceptives to the public. Therefore, those nations must develop multisectoral strategies to achieve contraceptive security. The countries need to consider information about the market for family planning commodities and services in order to define and promote complementary roles for the public sector, the commercial sector, and the nongovernmental-organization sector, as well as to better identify which segments of the population each of those sectors should serve. While it is unable to mandate private sector participation, the public sector can create conditions that support and promote a greater role for the private sector in meeting the growing needs of family planning users. Taking steps to actively involve and expand the private sector's market share is a critical strategy for achieving a more equitable distribution of available resources, addressing unmet need, and creating a more sustainable future for family planning commodities and services. This paper also discusses in detail the experiences of two countries, Paraguay and Peru. Paraguay's family planning market illustrates a vibrant private sector, but with limited access to family planning commodities and services for those who cannot afford private sector prices. In Peru a 1995 policy change that sought to increase family planning coverage had the effect of restricting access for the poor and leaving the Ministry of Health unable to pay for the growing need for family planning commodities and services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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