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PURPOSE OF STUDY:To determine the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in diabetes Mellitus. DESIGN OF STUDY:Randomized Hospital based Prospective study PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY:Medicine Department, Chandka Medical College Hospital Larkana. From January 2007 to June 2007 PATIENTS AND METHODS:Total 452 cases were picked up from medical out patient department. 408 (90.26%) cases were known diabetic and 44 (9.73%) were new cases. The relevant investigations such as Blood Sugar Fasting and Random, HBA1c, serum cholesterol, urine for proteins and electrocardiogram were performed. All the patients were referred to ophthalmology department for ophthalmoscopy and retinal photograph. RESULTS: There were 452 cases in this study, 288 (63.71%) were male and 164 (36.28%) female with age range 18 years to 73 years. Among the 452 diabetic patients 128 (28.6%) patients had diabetic retinopathy. In 192 patients with high HBA1c, 76 patients had retinopathy. The 100 patients were hypertensive, 32 patients had retinopathy CONCLUSION:The diabetic retinopathy is strongly associated with the duration of diabetes, hyperglycaemia and hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]