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Objective: To determine the association of COVID-19-related psychosocial Impact in parents of children with special needs. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics Department, University of Child Health Sciences, The Children's Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from August to December 2021. Methodology: A study sample of 213 parents of children (aged 1-16 years) with disabilities was recruited. The Perceived Stress Scale was administered. Results: Most children 133(62.4%) with special needs were males with a mean age of 61.36±29.17 months. 91(42.7%) parents fear that either themselves or their family members could be affected by COVID-19. 75(35.2%) parents reported that their special needs child knew preventive measures for COVID-19. 147(69%) parents were facing social difficulties because of COVID-19. Income was negatively correlated with stress. Stress was more evident in parents who had a fear of the loss of a family member and who thought that disabled children needed more protection than their other children. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative effect on parents of children with special needs due to the restrictions imposed all over the country. One of the few factors that increased stress among parents of special needs children in COVID-19 were financial and social difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non compression monocortical miniplate fixation of the mandibular sub-condyle is an accepted and reliable method for providing rigid internal fixation. The objective of this study was to compare the outcome of Single versus two plate fixation of mandibular sub-condylar fractures in terms of mouth opening and mandibular deviation. One hundred and twenty patients (120) coming to Mayo hospital, Lahore were selected and placed in two groups; group A (one miniplate fixation) Group B (two mini plates fixation). Postoperative results of single and two plate fixations were recorded after 3 weeks, 2 months and 6 months. Mouth opening was measured from upper central incisal tip to lower central incisal tip by using the metallic ruler in millimeters. The mandibular deviation was measured clinically. There were 40 (66.7%) males and 20 (33.3%) females in group A while in group B, 43 (71.7%) males and 17 (28.3%) females in group B with mean ages were 26.63±6.94 years in group A and 27.78±7.82 years in group B. Friedman test was applied in group A and B shows that there is a significant difference of mandibular deviation at a different time with P<0.001 Two miniplate fixation system on mandibular sub condylar fracture gives good stability, better mouth opening and absence of mandibular deviation as compared to single miniplate fixation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]