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Two Gram-negative, non-motile, short rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated as 8A(T) and 28A, were isolated from Mount Deogyusan, Jeonbuk Province, South Korea. The isolates were analyzed by a polyphasic approach, revealing variations in their phenotypic characters but high DNA-DNA hybridisation values reciprocally, confirming that they belong to the same species. Both the isolates also showed a high resistance to UV compared with Deinococcus radiodurans, and a gamma-radiation resistance similar to other members of the genus Deinococcus. Phylogenetic analysis with the 16S rRNA gene sequences of closely related species indicated their similarities were below 97 %. Chemotaxonomic data showed the most abundant fatty acids to be C16:1ω7c and C16:0. The strains can be distinguished from closely related species by the production of esterase (C4) and α-galactosidase, and by their ability to assimilate L-alanine, L-histidine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic, and chemotaxonomic data, the isolates represent a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus radioresistens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 8A(T) (KEMB 9004-109(T) = JCM 19777(T)), and a second strain is 28A (KEMB 9004-113 = JCM 19778).

A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated as SWU8(T), was isolated from a mountain soil collected in Seoul Women's University campus at South Korea. Phylogenic analysis, using 16S rRNA gene sequence of the new isolate, showed that strain SWU8(T) belongs to the genus Pontibacter. The highest sequence similarities were 96.2 % with Pontibacter saemangeumensis GCM0142(T), 95.5 % with Pontibacter toksunensis ZLD-7(T), 95.3 % with Pontibacter roseus DSM 17521(T), and 95.1 % with Pontibacter odishensis JC130(T). Chemotaxonomic data showed that the most abundant fatty acids were summed feature 4 (comprising iso-C(17:1) I/anteiso-C(17:1) B; 26.9 %), iso-C(15:0) (25.6 %), and iso-C(17:0) 3OH (10.6 %), and major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content of strain SWU8(T) was 48.5 mol%. Together, the phenotypic, phylogenetic, and chemotaxonomic data supported that strain SWU8(T) presents a novel species of the genus Pontibacter, for which the name Pontibacter humi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SWU8(T) (=KEMC 9004-131(T) = JCM 19178(T)).

A Gram-negative, short-rod-shaped bacterial strain with gliding motility, designated as DG5A(T), was isolated from a rice field soil in South Korea. Phylogenic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequence of the new isolate showed that strain DG5A(T) belong to the genus Spirosoma in the family Spirosomaceae, and the highest sequence similarities were 95.5 % with Spirosoma linguale DSM 74(T), 93.4 % with Spirosoma rigui WPCB118(T), 92.8 % with Spirosoma luteum SPM-10(T), 92.7 % with Spirosoma spitsbergense SPM-9(T), and 91.9 % with Spirosoma panaciterrae Gsoil 1519(T). Strain DG5A(T) revealed resistance to gamma and UV radiation. Chemotaxonomic data showed that the most abundant fatty acids were summed feature C(16:1) ω7c/C(16:1) ω6c (36.90 %), C(16:1) ω5c (29.55 %), and iso-C(15:0) (14.78 %), and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The DNA G+C content of strain DG5A(T) was 49.1 mol%. Together, the phenotypic, phylogenetic, and chemotaxonomic data supported that strain DG5A(T) presents a novel species of the genus Spirosoma, for which the name Spirosoma radiotolerans sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is DG5A(T) (=KCTC 32455(T) = JCM19447(T)).

Strain SR-1(T), a Gram-positive, strictly-aerobic, short-rod shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from a mountain soil collected in Seoul Women's University in South Korea. Growth occurred between 15 and 37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0-2 % NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SR-1(T) belongs to the genus Nocardioides and is closely related to Nocardioides simplex KCTC 9106(T) (96.8 %), Nocardioides caeni MN8(T) (96.7 %), Nocardioides aromaticivorans H-1(T) (96.6 %), and Nocardioides kongijuensis A2-4(T) (96.6 %). Chemotaxonomic data revealed that strain SR-1(T) possesses MK-8(H4) as predominant menaquinone, LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol as predominant polar lipids and iso-C16:0, 10-methyl-C18:0, and C18:1 ω9c are major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content of the strain SR-1(T) was 72.4 mol%. Based on polyphasic evidence, strain SR-1(T) (= KEMC 9004-134(T) = JCM 19684(T)) should be classified as the type strain of a novel Nocardioides species, for which the name Nocardioides soli sp. nov. is proposed.

A Gram-negative, non-motile, short rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated N5(T), was isolated from a rice field soil in South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the new isolate showed that strain N5(T) belongs to the genus Deinococcus, family Deinococcaceae, showing the highest sequence similarity to Deinococcus grandis KACC 11979(T) (98.4 %) and Deinococcus daejeonensis KCTC 13751(T) (97.5 %). Strain N5(T) exhibits resistance to gamma-radiation similar to that of other members of the genus Deinococcus, with a D10 value in excess of 4 kGy. Chemotaxonomic data showed that the most abundant fatty acids are C16:1ω7c (25.25 %), C15:1ω6c (19.77 %), C17:1ω6c (11.87 %), and C17:0 (9.41 %), and the major polar lipid is an unknown phosphoglycolipid. The predominant respiratory quinone is menaquinone MK-8. The DNA G+C content is 71.4 mol%. Phenotypic, phylogenetic, and chemotaxonomic data support designation of strain N5(T) as a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is N5(T) (=KCTC 33153(T) = JCM 19176(T)).

Gram stain-negative and non-motile bacteria, designated as DY53(T) and DY43, were isolated from mountain soil in South Korea prior exposure with 5 kGy gamma radiation. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strains belonged to the family Cytophagaceae in the class Cytophagia. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of strains DY53(T) and DY43 was 100 %. The highest degrees of sequence similarities of strains DY53(T) and DY43 were found with Hymenobacter perfusus A1-12(T) (98.8 %), Hymenobacter rigui WPCB131(T) (98.5 %), H. yonginensis HMD1010(T) (97.9 %), H. xinjiangensis X2-1g(T) (96.6 %), and H. gelipurpurascens Txg1(T) (96.5 %). The DNA G+C content of the novel strains DY53(T) and DY43 were 59.5 mol%. Chemotaxonomic data revealed that strains possessed major fatty acids such as C₁₅:₀ iso, C₁₅:₀ anteiso, C₁₆:₁ ω5c, summed feature 3 (16:1 ω7c/ω6c), summed feature 4 (17:1 anteiso B/iso I) and C₁₇:₀ iso, and major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The novel strains showed resistance to gamma radiation, with a D10 value (i.e., the dose required to reduce the bacterial population by tenfold) in excess of 5 kGy. Based on these data, strains DY53(T) and DY43 should be classified as representing a novel species, for which the name Hymenobacter swuensis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain DY53(T) (=KCTC 32018(T) = JCM 18582(T)) and DY43 (=KCTC 32010).

Strain MJ31(T), a gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from a sludge sample collected at the Daejeon sewage-disposal plant, in South Korea, and characterized in order to determine its taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain MJ31(T) belonged to the genus Nocardioides, appearing most closely related to Nocardioides dubius KSL-104(T) (98.6 % sequence similarity), Nocardioides jensenii DSM 20641(T) (97.6 %), Nocardioides daedukensis MDN22(T) (97.2 %) and Nocardioides mesophilus MSL-22(T) (97.0 %). The chemotaxonomic properties of strain MJ31(T) were consistent with those of the genus Nocardioides: MK-8(H(4)) was the predominant menaquinone, iso-C(16 : 0), iso-C(17 : 0) and C(18 : 1)ω9c were the predominant cellular fatty acids, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan was based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain MJ31(T) was 71.2 mol%. Some differential phenotypic properties and low DNA-DNA relatedness values (<28 %) with the type strains of closely related species indicated that strain MJ31(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides daejeonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MJ31(T) ( = KCTC 19772(T) = JCM 16922(T)).

A polyphasic taxonomic approach was used to characterize a Gram-negative, non-motile bacterium, designated MJ15(T), that was isolated from soil of a GS-Caltex Oil reservoir in Korea. As shown by comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain MJ15(T) belongs to genus Brevundimonas. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities ranged from 95.6-99.2% between strain MJ15(T) and validated representatives of the genus Brevundimonas. With respect to Brevundimonas species, strain MJ15(T) exhibited DNA-DNA relatedness values below 40.7%. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 61.7 mol%. Strain MJ15(T) contained ubiquinone Q-10. The major fatty acids were C(16:0) (27.7%), C(19:0) cyclo ω8c (23.2%), summed feature 8 (containing C(18:1) ω7c/C(18:1) 6c) (28.5%), and major hydroxyl fatty acid was C(12:0) 3OH (3.7%). Based upon its phenotypic and genotypic properties, as well as its phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain MJ15(T) (KCTC 22461(T); JCM 16237(T)) should be classified in the genus Brevundimonas as the type strain of a novel species. The name Brevundimonas olei sp. nov. is proposed for this new species.

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium was isolated from the soil of a ginseng field in Daejeon, South Korea, and characterized in order to determine its taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY34(T) belonged to the family Sphingomonadaceae, and the highest degree of sequence similarity was found with Sphingopyxis witflariensis W-50(T) (97.1 %), Sphingopyxis ginsengisoli Gsoil 250(T) (97.0 %), Sphingopyxis chilensis S37(T) (96.9 %), Sphingopyxis macrogoltabida IFO 15033(T) (96.8 %), Sphingopyxis alaskensis RB2256(T) (96.7 %) and Sphingopyxis taejonensis JSS54(T) (96.7 %). Chemotaxonomic data revealed that strain DCY34(T) possessed ubiquinone Q-10 as the predominant respiratory lipoquinone, which is common to members of the genus Sphingopyxis. The predominant fatty acids were C₁₈:₁ω7c (27.5 %), summed feature 4 (C₁₆:₁ω7c and/or C₁₅ :₀ iso 2-OH; 18.6 %), C₁₆:₀ (15.6 %) and summed feature 8 (C₁₉:₁ω6c and/or unknown 18.864; 15.4 %). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, sphingoglycolipid and an unknown polar lipid. The results of physiological and biochemical tests clearly demonstrated that strain DCY34(T) represented a separate species and supported its affiliation to the genus Sphingopyxis. Based on these data, the new isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Sphingopyxis panaciterrulae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DCY34(T) (=KCTC 22112(T)=JCM 14844(T)).