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Effects of road surface roughness on the dynamic impact factor of bridge are investigated through full-scale field loading tests under controlled traffic conditions. The dynamic time histories of displacements are obtained for twenty-five bridges on Korean highways. The impact factors of the bridges are evaluated by using the measured displacements. The road surface profiles of the twenty-five bridges are also measured at every 10 to 30 cm interval in the span direction. By using the measured road surface profiles, the international roughness index (IRI) and the roughness coefficients of the bridges are evaluated. The linear regression and correlation analyses are performed to obtain the coherences between the IRI and the roughness coefficient and between the IRI and the impact factor. The sample correlation coefficients between the impact factor and the IRI and between the impact factor and the roughness coefficient are calculated to be 0.61 and 0.62, respectively, showing a strong coherence between the road surface roughness and the impact factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]