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Background Influenza infection is a contagious disease and annual influenza vaccination is recommended to the patients with chronic diseases. Although diabetes is an indication for influenza vaccination, the global rate of influenza vaccination is insufficient. Therefore, our study aimed to elucidate influenza vaccination statuses among patients with diabetes and the related factors in Korea. Methods A total of 32,268 subjects (4,540 with and 27,728 without diabetes) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III–VI (2005–2015) were included. Socioeconomic factors and health-related factors were analyses for the relation of influenza vaccination by Student's t -test, the chi-squared test and a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The influenza vaccination coverage rates were 50.0% in the diabetes mellitus (DM) group and 38.2% in the non-DM group. The trends in influenza vaccination rates during KNHANES III–VI were not significant in each group (P trend  =  0.24 in the DM group, 0.30 in the non-DM group). Socioeconomic (older age, female sex, higher family income, and medical aid insurance) and health-related factors (lack of risky alcohol consumption, obesity, and recent health check-ups) were associated with influenza vaccination among patients with DM. Conclusions The rate of influenza vaccination among patients with diabetes is insufficient in Korea. More efforts are needed to increase the influenza vaccination rates among vulnerable at-risk populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: It is not clear whether the restrictive or obstructive pattern of spirometry is associated with metabolic syndrome. We investigated the associations between restrictive and obstructive spirometric patterns and metabolic risk factors using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Additionally, we investigated whether sarcopenia is associated with metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: Using data from KNHANES between 2008 and 2011, we enrolled 8,145 subjects (normal lung function: 6,077, obstructive spirometric pattern: 1,039, restrictive pattern: 1,029) aged ≥40 years who underwent anthropometric measurement, laboratory tests, spirometry and estimation of appendicular muscle mass. Sarcopenia was defined as an appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by body weight squared <2 SD below the sex-specific mean for the young reference group. Results: Sarcopenia was found in 32.8% of male and 12.2% of female patients with COPD. The odds ratio (OR) of metabolic syndrome for the restrictive spirometric pattern in male was 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.65), and that for obstructive pattern in males was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.79-1.26) after adjustments for covariables (female restrictive pattern (ORs, 1,45; 95% CI, 1.09-1.91) and female obstructive pattern (ORs 0.73; 95% CI, 0.49-1.09). After adjustment for other confounding factors, the risk of metabolic syndrome was higher in sarcopenic male (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.27-2.77) with COPD than in those without sarcopenia. Conclusions: The restrictive spirometric pattern is associated with metabolic syndrome, and sarcopenia may contribute to the risk of metabolic syndrome in male patients with COPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The present study evaluated the mental health of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Korea and compared it with mental health in the general Korean population. Methods All data included in the final analyses were collected from 34,065 subjects (20 years of age or older) who participated in the 2007–2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The mental health of 3846 DM patients were compared with that of 30,219 controls. Results A depressed mood for 2 or more continuous weeks was reported by 13.6% of subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 14.3% of those with impaired glucose intolerance (IFG), and 17.6% of DM patients. Suicidal thoughts were reported by 15.3% of individuals with NGT, 15.6% of participants with IFG, and 17.6% of DM patients. Suicidal attempts were reported by 0.8% of people with NGT, 1.0% of those with IFG, and 1.3% of DM patients. In DM patients, the crude odds ratio (OR) for depressive mood was 1.376 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.258–1.504), the OR for suicidal ideation was 1.481 (95% CI: 1.361–1.611) and the OR for suicidal attempts was 1.413 (95% CI: 1.021–1.956). A multivariate analysis revealed that the ORs for depression, suicidal ideation, and suicidal attempts in DM patients were 1.178 (95% CI: 1.070–1.297), 1.152 (95% CI: 1.050–1.263), and 1.413 (95% CI: 1.021–1.956), respectively. Conclusions The present study found that DM was associated with a marked increase in suicidal behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the significance of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in benign vocal mucosal lesions., Study Design and Setting: A case-control study at the tertiary referral medical center., Subjects and Methods: From April 2003 to December 2006, we studied 110 patients with benign vocal mucosal lesions who had undergone 24-hour ambulatory double pH monitoring. The control group included 200 patients who had undergone ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring due to laryngopharyngeal reflux-related symptoms without specific findings of benign vocal mucosal lesions. Reflux symptom index and reflux finding score were measured. We compared the prevalence of pathologic laryngopharyngeal reflux and various parameters of the pH monitoring such as total reflux number, fraction time of pH below 4 in various positions, and DeMeester scores., Results: The prevalence of pathologic laryngopharyngeal reflux was 65 percent in the control group, 66 percent in vocal nodule group, 75 percent in the vocal polyp group, and 90 percent in the Reinke's edema group. Patients with Reinke's edema had a significantly higher prevalence of pathologic laryngopharyngeal reflux than controls (P = 0.016). LPR was associated with a significantly increased risk of Reinke's edema (odds ratio: 4.846, 95% confidence interval 1.093 approximately 21.492). Total reflux number and DeMeester scores in the Reinke's edema group and fraction time of pH below 4 in the supine position in the vocal polyp group were significantly higher than those in the control group., Conclusion: Laryngopharyngeal reflux might play a role as an etiologic factor in Reinke's edema and vocal polyps.

Background: Pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor is an uncommon benign lesion of the lung. In Korea, most literature of the pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor was case reports., Methods: We collected 28 cases of pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor in Korea. This collective series included 4 cases from our hospital and 24 cases were reviewed from the literature since 1977. The analysis involved the age, sex, chief complaint, hematologic examination, size and location of the lesion, cavity formation, presence of calcification and treatment method., Results: Male was more prevalent (81.5%) than female and mean age was 37.9 years old (6-63 yrs). Chief complaints were cough (44.4%), chest pain (29.6%), fever (22.2%), hemoptysis (15%), sputum (15%) and dyspnea (11.1%). There were asymptomatic cases in 11.1%. Hematologic examination revealed normal finding (53.3%) and anemia (20%). The mean size of the lesion was 4.76 cm (1.5-14 cm) and the locations were parenchymal (85.7%), endobronchial (10.7%) and endotracheal (3.6%). Except the endotracheal case, the lesions were in the right (46.4%), the left (42.8%) and bilateral (7.1%). Calcifications (18.5%) and cavitations (11.1%) were present. Diagnostic methods were open thoracotomy (82.1%), bronchoscopy (3.6%), needle aspiration biopsy (7.1%) and core needle gun biopsy (7.1%). Treatments were surgery (85.2%), steroid therapy (7.4%), rigid bronchoscopic removal (3.7%) and observation (3.7%). Postoperative recurrence occurred in only 1 case (4.3%)., Conclusion: Pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor was more prevalent in the male, and patients presented with the respiratory symptoms were common. It was necessary to do surgery in most cases for diagnosis and/or treatment.