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This research study is designed to understand reporting traumatic incidents in Pakistani media and the individual level factors that influence a journalist's decision while covering a traumatic incident and his/her decision of selecting information to include in or exclude from news. This study uses a qualitative research design to analyze the research question. The researcher used in-depth interviews with journalists in Peshawar and Tribal Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Thirty journalists were recruited (news reporters, editors and photographers) working for media (print, broadcast and online), whose primary beat is 'crime' or "violent events" along with other beats. The participants of the study were selected by purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Thematic Analysis as a method was used to analyze the data, i.e., interviews with journalists. The data was examined through the lens of the Hierarchy of Influences Model (HOI), which is an extension of the Gatekeeping Theory. The findings show that education, training, experience, focus on crime and conflict, newsworthiness of the story, self-promotion, and Job security influence a journalist's decision while covering a traumatic incident in Pakistani media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various socio-economic and political factors spur the sectarian violence in Pakistan. This research study investigates factors behind the growing sectarian violence in the wake of war against terror in the tribal belt of Pakistan. The main purpose of this research paper is to know the relationship between terrorism and sectarian violence after US led war on terror. Various local and trans-national terrorist groups have fueled the local sectarianism for their own interest. Terrorists' organization have encouraged and motivated local people for sectarian clashes, which have destroyed the bond of unity between the local sects which were existed before new wave of terrorism. The current wave of sectarian violence cannot be controlled without eradication of terrorism of this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the effect of leadership styles on knowledge management. The population of the study consists of faculty and administrative staff of public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. To test the study hypotheses, correlation and regression analysis were conducted. The study found that transformational leadership style has positive and significant relation with knowledge management effectiveness. The study found that transactional leadership style has negative but significant relationship with knowledge management effectiveness. The study concluded that educational institutions should adopt transformational leadership style in order to improve knowledge management effectiveness. Educational leaders should not adopt transactional leadership style as that type of leadership negatively affects knowledge management. The study recommended that leaders of the educational institutions should get involved their subordinates in decision making process in order to further enhance their performance. Managerial implications, recommendations and directions for future research are also highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]