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The purpose of this study is to recognize and analyze factors affecting achievement in math subject. This is basically a correlational study, with the main focus revolving around the relationships among various factors affecting math achievement. This quantitative study was conducted using a survey instrument comprising of 23 items representing STC, ST, EBS, PC, SCC and GC. Questionnaires were distributed to 113 teachers of secondary schools situated in Wari (mountainous area) sub-division, Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province and affiliated with Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE), Malakand, Pakistan. A total of 100 teachers returned the survey instrument in complete form. Data were analyzed with the help of statistical tools, SPSS version 22, and AMOS graphics version 22. Data obtained was found to be normally distributed. Results of the contemporary study shows that there are certain factors affecting math achievement. Correlation between some exogenous and endogenous variables is higher. The proposed theoretical model affirms that the predictors contribute towards math achievement. This could be an interesting contribution to the literature. This study provides a roadmap and suggest self-development of education system of Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glanders is highly contagious and zoonotic bacterial disease of equines caused by Burkholderia mallei. Since many decades, glanders is endemic in eastern parts (Punjab) of Pakistan and has no information of disease in the north-western region (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa – KPK). Therefore, present study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors in two draft equine populated districts (Charsada and Peshawar) of KPK. A total of 393 equine samples originating from different localities of study area were investigated for anti-B. mallei antibodies (glanders) using indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ID Vet, Grabels France). The overall seroprevalence was found to be 3.1% (95% CI: 1.6-5.3) which remained insignificantly (χ2 0.421, P=0.516) between the two districts. In Charsada, prevalence estimates varied significantly (χ2 11.986, P=0.017) among 5 localities and found insignificant (χ2 1.287, P=0.732) in different sampling areas of Peshawar district. Donkeys were more seropositive (4.1%; 4/195) than horses (2.1%; 8/194) which did not differ statistically (χ2 1.397, P=0.237) and all mules were tested negative. Prevalence slight increased with age of animals (>10 years) and with poor body conditions. Donkeys were more test positive (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 0.61-6.94) than horses and similarly animals managed on communal feeding (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 0.23-14.5) and water troughs (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 0.21-13.04) had more chances of contracting glanders. Multivariable model indicated donkeys (OR: 4.58, 95% CI: 1.0, 20.9) and equines above 10 years of age (OR: 3.10, 95% CI: 0.7-13.3) were more likely to test positive for glanders. In conclusion, present study provides prevalence estimates of equine glanders in KPK regions, which appears to be an area of endemicity. Future large-scale investigations are seriously warranted in other equine populated districts before implementing an effective control plan for glanders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]