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Twenty-six Plasmodium falciparum isolates obtained during a prophylaxis study at Jilore primary school, Malindi, Kenya, were adapted to in vitro culture and their susceptibility to 13 antimalarial drugs was tested by a modified radioisotopic method. Pyrimethamine, chloroquine, amodiaquine, cycloguanil, chlorcycloguanil, quinine, quinidine and sulfadoxine, and the experimental compounds MB 35769, mefloquine, WR 184806, parvoquone, and menoctone were used. The isolates could be divided into two groups with significantly different susceptibility to pyrimethamine, shown by a 755-fold difference in the mean ID50 values (2.77 +/- 1.98 x 10(-10) mol/l and 2.09 +/- 1.64 x 10(-7) mol/l). The mean susceptibility of the two groups differed 7.7-fold for chlorcycloguanil and 14.6-fold for cycloguanil, but were not significantly different for the other drugs. All isolates were more sensitive to amodiaquine than to chloroquine in vitro. The ratio of the geometric mean ID50 values of chloroquine to amodiaquine was 3.13. The ratio for the chemically related compounds parvoquone to menoctone was 5.63, quinine to quinidine was 5.58, and mefloquine to WR 184806 was 12.16.