Search

There is growing interest in exploring new types of cultivated plants that offer unique health benefits. Safflower is a promising plant nutrition resource that has gained popularity in Kazakhstan and worldwide. However, one of the pressing issues is improving the consumption pattern of food products, including vitamins and microelements. This article aims to develop a small‐scale processing line for safflower oil production in small enterprises of the cereal‐processing industry. The primary focus is on purifying safflower from impurities and husks, as well as compressing and centrifuging the oil raw material for high‐quality and biologically valuable product. The authors developed a processing line consisting of a sheller‐compress and a centrifuge of original constructions for separating husks from the kernel and compressing and centrifuging the oil raw material. The process combines husking, compressing, filtration, and sedimentation to ensure primary purification of plant oils and the removal of mechanical impurities. The production of safflower oil has become an urgent task due to its rich composition of vitamins and phospholipids. The newly developed processing line ensures the production of high‐quality safflower oil and has great potential for small enterprises in the cereal‐processing industry. The article highlights the importance of primary purification of plant oils and its impact on the quality of the final product. Practical applications: The following conclusions emerged from the research. The relevance of fat oil growing, including signs of increased popularity of safflower oil in Kazakhstan and in the world has been studied. Various types (husking, compressing, sedimentation, centrifuging and filtering) of primary purification of safflower and purification of oil from mechanical impurities have been investigated. The dependence of extraction of pressed safflower oil on the speed of rotation of the filter and settling rotor and the equipment structure itself has been studied. The sheller‐compress for purification of safflower has been developed to combine husking and compressing processes to increase the oil content of the processed oil raw material and the productivity of the processing equipment. The centrifuge is designed for primary purification of safflower oil from mechanical impurities, allowing to combine the sedimentation and filtering processes due to rotors and to obtain purified safflower oil. The problem of intensification of the purification process is characterized by the ratio of different defined parameters. As a result, optimum parameters were determined and a processing line was developed with the use of a sheller‐compress and a centrifuge with a filtering and pre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of the 2014–2015 studies on seed yield and the physicochemical and fatty acid composition of Akmay grade safflower oil cultivated at the experimental plot of LLC “Farmer 2002”, Astrakhan district, Akmola region, Kazakhstan. The peroxide and acid number was determined with the titrimetric method with visual indication, and the iodine number was calculated as well. The fatty acid composition of oil was studied using the gas chromatography method. Up to 12 fatty acids were detected in the composition of total lipids. The highest content of fatty acids in the composition of safflower seed oil triglycerides was observed in unsaturated linoleic acid (82.7%). During the years of research, the weather conditions greatly influenced the seed yield and the physicochemical quality of safflower oil. Conclusions about future use of this variety as raw material for producing edible vegetable oil were drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, in the Republic of Kazakhstan the interest in the use of new types of cultivated plants that differ from the traditional ones in terms of a range of useful properties and attributes has increased. Among the new plant nutritional resources used by mankind, safflower occupies a special place - a promising oilseed for cultivation and processing in the conditions of farms in the south of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Safflower oil in its composition and taste is practically not inferior to olive, but the technology for its production has not yet been worked out. Most modern presses are made for the extraction of oil from certain crops; it is difficult to transfer such presses to another oilseed crop, and even if possible, the extraction of oil is less effective. In order to preserve all useful substances in vegetable oils obtained by pressing, it is necessary to choose the optimal parameters for its extraction. Using mathematical modeling, the movement of oilseeds in the inter-turn space of the auger is shown. The working chamber of the oil press is conditionally divided into two consecutive sections. The task of section 1 is to increase the pressure in the raw material to a maximum while maintaining a constant temperature. The task of section 2 is the maximum oil extraction. Assumptions are made that the raw material in the auger channel is an incompressible medium; in section I, the seed meal flow in isothermal mode is laminar, in the form of a rotating working chamber around a fixed auger, and the movement is unidirectional throughout the entire inter-turn space of the auger. A mathematical model of the process of extracting vegetable oil has been developed, showing the movement of oilseeds in the inter-turn space of auger under the assumption that the movement is unidirectional throughout the entire inter-turn space of the auger, and allows to determine the pressure at the end of the inter-turn space of auger directly in front of the filtration zone. Equations are derived that allow to determine the average speed of movement in inter-turn space. The pressure equation at the end of the auger channel immediately in front of the filtration zone is shown. The dimensionless mass concentration of oil at the exit from the filtration zone has been determined, which makes it possible to determine the amount of oil in the stream depending on the pressure at the end of the auger's inter-turn space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An intensive process of land deterioration of some regions in Uzbekistan including the Aral Sea basin has led to a significant increase in soil salinity levels and consequently to a considerable reduction of total fertile soil area, as these lands are of little use for plant growth. The area is estimated to be more than 1.4 million ha of seabed. As a result, there was an immediate need to cultivate new crops capable of stopping the movement of sands and the enlargement of saline soils. Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius) is considered to be a moderately salt-tolerant crop and, as such, one of a few crops well suited to the cropping systems of salt-affected soils. It is used in Uzbekistan as a reserve crop when the culture of the main crop fails. In spite of the great economic importance of this oil, there is almost no available information in the literature on the effect of salinity on oil quality and its chemical ingredients. The purpose of the present study was to determine, in greenhouse and field experiments, how irrigation with saline water would influence content of oil, lipids and other lipophylic components in safflower. We found that irrigation of safflower with moderate concentrations of saline water seems feasible, as far as oil and lipid composition is concerned. Consequently, safflower might be a potential crop for lands of little use for plant growth in Uzbekistan or other similar sites in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In developed countries, the ideas of ecological agricultural production, continuous cycle, and waste-free production technologies have gained popularity. The effect from the production and consumption of ecological agricultural products is determined by the least harm to the environment, increasing the competitiveness of products, and receiving additional profit from increasing prices for higher quality products. The production of organically safe products is based on the principle of biologization, i.e., the widespread use of biological preparations, a high proportion of legumes (sources of nitrogen), and avoiding chemical plant protection products, transgenic plants, and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). This study aims to increase the productivity of safflower and improve the physicochemical and biological indicators of dark chestnut soils through the use of biologized technologies in the organic farming system. Standard methods for assessment and statistical analysis of physical and chemical parameters of soils were carried out in zone 1 of West Kazakhstan. This made it possible to identify the most optimal technology for the cultivation of safflower. The study results showed that under the influence of the phytomeliorative action of safflower in the 0-20 cm layer of dark chestnut soils, one could note an increase in the content of nitrate nitrogen by 5.95%, an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus by 5.22%, and soil loosening by 0.010 g/cm 3 , with the structure of the soil being 64.43%. Strong biological activity of the soil was established by the crops of safflower. The highest yield of safflower oil about 0.23 t/ha with an oil content of 30.1% was obtained using the biologized technology option. The use of biological technology, along with biological yields, increases oil yield by 0.06 t/ha or 28.06%., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Beybit Nasiyev et al.)